Ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40 yemizamo, ikakhulukazi intuthuko ngokushesha kusukela 1978, China sikaumhlaba ongavamileimboni idlulele phambili ezingeni lokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, yakha uhlelo oluphelele lwezimboni.Okwamanje,umhlaba ongavamileukucwenga eChina
Umthamo wokuncibilikisa kanye nokuhlukanisa insimbi ifinyelela phezu kwamathani ayi-130000 ngonyaka (REO), kanti ukukhiqizwa komhlaba okungavamile kufinyelela kumathani angaphezu kuka-70000, okubalelwa ngaphezu kwama-80% omkhiqizo ophelele emhlabeni.Ukukhiqizwa kwayo kanye nomthamo wokuthekelisa kukhona kokubili okukhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni.
Kukhona ezingaphezu kuka-170umhlaba ongavamileamabhizinisi okuncibilikisa nokuhlukanisa e-China, kodwa angama-5 kuphela anomthamo wonyaka wokucubungula angaphezu kwamathani angu-5000 (REO), amabhizinisi amaningi anamandla okucubungula amathani ayi-1000-2000.
Njengamanje, i-China isisungule izisekelo ezintathu ezinkulu zokukhiqiza ikakhulukazi ezizungeze ezintathu ezinkuluumhlaba ongavamileizinsiza:
(1) Owasenyakathoumhlaba ongavamileisisekelo sokukhiqiza sakhiwe nge-Baotou exutshweumhlaba ongavamileinsimbi njengempahla eluhlaza, nge-BaotouUmhlaba ongavamileI-High Tech kanye ne-Gansu Rare Earth Company njengomgogodla.Kunamabhizinisi angaphezu kwama-80 akhiqizayoumhlaba ongavamileamakhemikhali afanai-chloride yomhlaba engavamilekanye ne-carbonate njalo ngonyaka
Ngaphezu kuka-60000 amathani wenhlanganisela kanye namathani ayi-15000 we-singleumhlaba ongavamileizinhlanganisela.Okwamanje, iningiumhlaba ongavamileamabhizinisi acubungula i-Baotou ore asebenzisa inqubo yokuncibilikisa i-asidi eyakhiwe yi-Beijing Nonferrous Metals Research Institute, bese esebenzisa i-P204 noma i-P507 yokukhiphaukuhlukaniswa, lokhoi-cerium ephezulu yokuhlanzekangokuvamile ikhishwa ngokukhipha i-oxidation, kanye nebanga le-fluorescenti-europium oxideikhishwa ngokukhishwa kokunciphisa.Imikhiqizo eyinhloko ihlanganisa izingxube zomhlaba ezingavamile noma ezixubile ezifanai-lanthanum, i-cerium, i-praseodymium, i-neodymium, samarium, europium, njll.
(2) Okuphakathi nendawo nesindayoumhlaba ongavamileisisekelo sokukhiqiza sithatha insimbi yohlobo lwe-ionic yaseningizimu njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, futhi iphatha cishe amathani angu-20000 ohlobo lwe-ionic yaseningizimu.umhlaba ongavamileamatshe ngonyaka.Amabhizinisi ayisisekelo ahlanganisa iGuanzhou iPearl River Smelter, iJianyin JiahuaUmhlaba ongavamileIfekthri, kanye ne-Yixin Xinwei Rare Earth Co., Ltd Inkampani, i-Liyan Luodiya Fangzheng Rare Earth Company, i-Guangdong Yanjiang Rare Earth Factory, njll. Izimayini zomhlaba ezingavamile zohlobo lwe-ion yaseNingizimu ngokuvamile zisebenzisa i-ammonium sulfate in situ leaching carbonate precipitation ignition hydrochloric acid kanye ne-naph50 ukuhlukaniswa kwe-acid extraction kanye nokuhlanza.
I-single emaphakathi ukuya esindayoama-oxide omhlaba angavamilekanye nezinye izinhlanganisela ezicebile ezifanai-yttrium, i-dysprosium, i-terbium, europium, i-lanthanum, i-neodymium, samarium, njll.
(3) Kusetshenziswa i-Mianning fluorocarbon cerium ore e-Sichuan njengempahla eluhlaza, isisekelo sokukhiqiza setshe lensimbi ye-fluorocarbon cerium sisungulwe eSichuan.Njengamanje kunezitshalo ezingama-27 ze-hydrometallurgy ezinomphumela ophelele wonyaka wamathani ayi-15-2000.Inqubo yokuncibilika kwe-fluoride ore kanyei-ceriuminsimbi ikakhulukazi ihilela ukuwoswa kwe-oxidation vizinqubo zokwelashwa zamakhemikhali ezinonya ezisuselwe enqubweni eyinhloko yokugazinga i-sulfuric acid leaching, kanye nemikhiqizo eyinhlanganisela yomhlaba eyodwa noma exubile engavamile ehlanganiswe ikakhulukazii-lanthanum, i-cerium, futhii-neodymium.Amabhizinisi amaningi mancane ngezinga, anemishini ephansi kanye nezinga lobuchwepheshe.Tnansi imikhiqizo eminingi eyinhlokoumhlaba ongavamileimikhiqizo encibilikisayo, ehlanzekile kakhulu kanye nemikhiqizo eyingxube yomhlaba eyodwa engavamile elinganiselwa ku-5%.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-02-2023