Ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40 yemizamo, ikakhulukazi intuthuko ngokushesha kusukela 1978, China sikaumhlaba ongavamileimboni idlulele phambili ezingeni lokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, yakha uhlelo oluphelele lwezimboni. Okwamanje,umhlaba ongavamileukucwenga eChina
Umthamo wokuncibilikisa kanye nokuhlukanisa insimbi ifinyelela phezu kwamathani ayi-130000 ngonyaka (REO), kanti ukukhiqizwa komhlaba okungavamile kufinyelela kumathani angaphezu kuka-70000, okubalelwa ngaphezu kwama-80% omkhiqizo ophelele emhlabeni. Ukukhiqizwa kwayo kanye nomthamo wokuthekelisa kukhona kokubili okukhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni.
Kukhona ezingaphezu kuka-170umhlaba ongavamileamabhizinisi okuncibilikisa nokuhlukanisa e-China, kodwa angama-5 kuphela anomthamo wonyaka wokucubungula angaphezu kwamathani angu-5000 (REO), amabhizinisi amaningi anamandla okucubungula amathani ayi-1000-2000.
Njengamanje, i-China isisungule izisekelo ezintathu ezinkulu zokukhiqiza ikakhulukazi ezizungeze ezintathu ezinkuluumhlaba ongavamileizinsiza:
(1) Owasenyakathoumhlaba ongavamileisisekelo sokukhiqiza sakhiwe nge-Baotou exutshweumhlaba ongavamileinsimbi njengempahla eluhlaza, nge-BaotouUmhlaba ongavamileI-High Tech kanye ne-Gansu Rare Earth Company njengomgogodla. Kunamabhizinisi angaphezu kuka-80 akhiqizayoumhlaba ongavamileamakhemikhali afanai-chloride yomhlaba engavamilekanye ne-carbonate njalo ngonyaka
Ngaphezu kuka-60000 amathani wenhlanganisela kanye namathani ayi-15000 we-singleumhlaba ongavamileizinhlanganisela. Okwamanje, iningiumhlaba ongavamileamabhizinisi acubungula i-Baotou ore asebenzisa inqubo yokuncibilikisa i-asidi eyakhiwe yi-Beijing Nonferrous Metals Research Institute, bese esebenzisa i-P204 noma i-P507 yokukhiphaukuhlukaniswa, lokhoi-cerium ephezulu yokuhlanzekangokuvamile ikhishwa ngokukhipha i-oxidation, kanye nebanga le-fluorescenti-europium oxideikhishwa ngokukhishwa kokunciphisa. Imikhiqizo eyinhloko ihlanganisa izingxube zomhlaba ezingavamile noma ezixubile ezifanai-lanthanum, i-cerium, i-praseodymium, i-neodymium, i-samarium, europium, njll.
(2) Okuphakathi nendawo nesindayoumhlaba ongavamileisisekelo sokukhiqiza sithatha insimbi yohlobo lwe-ionic yaseningizimu njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, futhi isingatha amathani acishe abe ngu-20000 ohlobo lwe-ionic yaseningizimu.umhlaba ongavamileamatshe ngonyaka. Amabhizinisi ayisisekelo ahlanganisa iGuanzhou iPearl River Smelter, iJianyin JiahuaUmhlaba ongavamileIfekthri, kanye ne-Yixin Xinwei Rare Earth Co., Ltd Inkampani, i-Liyan Luodiya Fangzheng Rare Earth Company, i-Guangdong Yanjiang Rare Earth Factory, njll. Izimayini zomhlaba ezingavamile zohlobo lwe-ion yaseNingizimu ngokuvamile zisebenzisa i-ammonium sulfate in situ leaching carbonate precipitation ignition hydrochloric acid kanye ne-naph50 ukuhlukaniswa kwe-acid extraction kanye nokuhlanza.
I-single emaphakathi ukuya esindayoama-oxide omhlaba angavamilekanye nezinye izinhlanganisela ezicebile ezifanai-yttrium, i-dysprosium, i-terbium, europium, i-lanthanum, i-neodymium, i-samarium, njll.
(3) Kusetshenziswa i-Mianning fluorocarbon cerium ore e-Sichuan njengempahla eluhlaza, isisekelo sokukhiqiza setshe lensimbi ye-fluorocarbon cerium sisungulwe eSichuan. Njengamanje kunezitshalo ezingama-27 ze-hydrometallurgy ezinomphumela ophelele wonyaka wamathani ayi-15-2000. Inqubo yokuncibilika kwe-fluoride ore kanyei-ceriuminsimbi ikakhulukazi ihilela ukuwoswa kwe-oxidation vizinqubo zokwelashwa zamakhemikhali ezinonya ezisuselwe enqubweni eyinhloko yokugazinga i-sulfuric acid leaching, kanye nemikhiqizo eyinhlanganisela yomhlaba eyodwa noma exubile engavamile ehlanganiswe ikakhulukazii-lanthanum, i-cerium, futhii-neodymium. Amabhizinisi amaningi mancane ngezinga, anemishini ephansi kanye nezinga lobuchwepheshe.Tnansi imikhiqizo eminingi eyinhlokoumhlaba ongavamileimikhiqizo encibilikisayo, ehlanzekile kakhulu kanye nemikhiqizo eyingxube yomhlaba eyodwa engavamile elinganiselwa ku-5%.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-02-2023