Umhlaba ongavamile/ izinto zomhlaba ezingavamile
Izinto zeLanthanide nge-atomic izinombolo ezisukela ku-57 kuye ku-71 etafuleni lezikhathi, okungukuthiuhlobo linthanum(La),umrintshi(CE),I-PraseOdDODYIUM(Pr),needymium(ND), Promethium (PM)
ISamurium(SM),indlu yokuhlala yokungenayogugu(Eu),igadiki(GD),i-terbium(TB),dysprosium(Dy),IHolmium(Ho),umphetho(Er),Thululium(Tm),yterterbium(Yb),lutetium(Lu), kanyeikhentiyamu(SC) ngenombolo ye-athomu 21 futhiytttrium(Y) ngenombolo ye-athomu 39, izabala eziyi-17
I-Symbol Re imele iqembu lezinto ezinezakhiwo ezifanayo zamakhemikhali.
Njengamanje, emkhakheni womhlaba ongandile kanye namazinga omkhiqizo, umhlaba ongavamile ngokuvamile ubhekisela ezintweni eziyi-15 ngaphandle kwe-Promethimium (PM) futhiikhentiyamu(SC).
-MhlopheUmhlaba ongavamile
Isikhathi esijwayelekile sezinto ezine zeuhlobo linthanum(La),umrintshi(CE),I-PraseOdDODYIUM(Pr), futhineedymium(ND).
OkuphakathiUmhlaba ongavamile
Isikhathi esijwayelekile sezinto ezintathu zeISamurium(SM),indlu yokuhlala yokungenayogugu(Eu), futhiigadiki(GD).
-SindayoUmhlaba ongavamile
Igama elijwayelekile lezinto eziyisishiyagalombili zei-terbium(TB),dysprosium(Dy),IHolmium(Ho),umphetho(Er),Thululium(Tm),yterterbium(Yb),lutetium(Lu), futhiytttrium(Y).
UmrintshiisixhoboUmhlaba ongavamile
Iqembu leimihlaba engavamileikakhulukazi yakhiwaumrintshi, kufaka phakathi izinto eziyisithupha:uhlobo linthanum(La),umrintshi(CE),I-PraseOdDODYIUM(Pr),needymium(ND),ISamurium(SM),indlu yokuhlala yokungenayogugu(Eu).
YtttriumisixhoboUmhlaba ongavamile
Iqembu leUmhlaba ongavamileizinto ikakhulukazi ezihlanganiswe ne-ytttrium, kufaka phakathiigadiki(GD),i-terbium(TB),dysprosium(Dy),IHolmium(Ho),umphetho(Er),Thululium(Tm),yterterbium(Yb),lutetium(Lu), futhiytttrium(Y).
I-Lanthanide Shrinkage
Isimo lapho i-athomu ne-ionic radii yezakhi zeLanthanide inwebeka kancane kancane ngokwanda kwenombolo ye-athomu ibizwa ngokuthi yi-lanthanide contraction. -Didekile
Isizathu: Ezakhiweni zakwaLanthanide, ngoba wonke amaphrothoni angezelelwa kwi-nucleus, i-elektroni efaka i-4F orbital, kanti i-4F electron ayivikele i-nucleus ngangokunokwenzeka ama-elektroni angaphakathi, ngakho-ke njengoba inombolo ye-athomu ikhuphuka
Futhi, ukubheka ukuheha ama-elektroni angaphandle kuthuthukisa, kancane kancane kunciphisa i-athomu ne-ionic radii.
Izinsimbi zomhlaba ezingandile
Ithemu elijwayelekile lezinsimbi ezikhiqizwe nge-electrolysis kasawoti elibiwe, ukuncishiswa kwensimbi, noma ezinye izindlela usebenzisa imithetho eyodwa noma ngaphezulu emhlabeni njengezinto zokwakha.
Insimbi etholwe kwingxenye yento ethile yomhlaba engandile ye-electrolysis ye-molten, ukuncishiswa kwensimbi, noma ezinye izindlela.
-Xubileizinsimbi zomhlaba ezingandile
Igama elijwayelekile lezinto ezakhiwa ezimbili noma ngaphezuluIzinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile,ngokuvamileyoI-Lanthanum Certium Prathedymium neodymium.
Igama elijwayelekile lamakhompiyutha akhiwa ngokuhlanganiswa kwezinto zomhlaba ezingandile kanye nezinto zomoya-mpilo, ezivame ukumelwa yifomula yefomula yefomula.
-Nye zwiEarth Earth Axide
Okuhlanganisiwe okwakhiwa ngokuhlanganiswa kweUmhlaba ongavamileinto ne-oxygen element.
Ubumsulwa obuphezuluEarth Earth Axide
Igama elijwayelekile leI-Rare Earth OxidesNgobumsulwa obuhlobene bokungaphansi kwama-99.99%.
-XubileI-Rare Earth Oxides
Ikhompiyutha eyakhiwa ngokuhlanganiswa kwezimbili noma ngaphezuluUmhlaba ongavamileizakhi nge-oksijini.
Umhlaba ongavamilelandela
Igama elijwayelekile lamakhompiyutha aquketheimihlaba engavamilekwakhiwa ukuxhumana kwezinsimbi zomhlaba ezingandile noma umhlaba ongavamile oxides ngama-acid noma izisekelo.
Umhlaba ongavamileunqati
Igama elijwayelekile lamakhompiyutha akhiwa ngokuhlanganiswa kweUmhlaba ongavamileizakhi kanye nezakhi zeqembu le-halogen. Isibonelo, umhlaba ongavamile we-chloride we-rare uvame ukumelwa yifomula yefomula yamakhemikhali; I-Rare Endl Fluoride imvamisa imelelwa ifomula yamakhemikhali.
I-Rare End Sulfate
Igama elijwayelekile lamakhompiyutha akhiwa ngokuhlanganiswa kwama-ion anguMhlaba angavamile kanye nama-sulfate ion, imvamisa amelwe yifomula yefomula yefomula (SO4) Y.
Igama elijwayelekile lamakhompiyutha akhiwa inhlanganisela ye-rare Earth Ions futhi i-nitrate ion, imvamisa imelelwa ifomula yamakhemikhali Re (No3) y.
Umhlaba ongavamile Carbonate
Igama elijwayelekile lamakhompiyutha akhiwa ngokuhlanganiswa kwama-ion anguMhlaba angavamile nama-carbonate ion, imvamisa amelwe yifomula yefomula yefomula (CO3) Y.
Umhlaba Ongavamile Oxalate
Igama elijwayelekile lamakhompiyutha akhiwa ngokuhlanganiswa kwama-ion anguMhlaba angavamile kanye nama-ion oxalate, avame ukumelwa yifomula yefomula yefomula (C2O4) Y.
Umhlaba Ongavamile Phosphate
Igama elijwayelekile lamakhompiyutha akhiwa ngokuhlanganiswa kwama-ion anguMhlaba angavamile nama-phosphate ion, imvamisa amelwe yifomula yefomula yefomula (Po4) Y.
Acetate emhlabeni
Igama elijwayelekile lamakhompiyutha akhiwa ngokuhlanganiswa kwama-ion anguMhlaba angavamile kanye ne-acetate ion, imvamisa emelelwa yifomula yefomula yefomula (C2H3O2) y.
Uhlobo lwenkaniUmhlaba ongavamile
Igama elijwayelekile lamakhompiyutha akhiwa ngokuhlanganiswa kwama-ion angu-rare emhlabeni kanye nama-hydroxide ion, imvamisa amelwe yifomula yamakhemikhali Re (oh) y.
Umhlaba Ongavamile
Igama elijwayelekile lamakhompiyutha akhiwa ngokuhlanganiswa kwe-rare Earth Ions kanye nama-radicals aqinile, avame ukumelwa yifomula yefomula yefomula (C18HH35O2) y.
I-ART EMHLANGANI ICTRATION
Igama elijwayelekile lamakhompiyutha akhiwa ngokuhlanganiswa kwe-rare Earth Ion kanye neCitorte Ion, imvamisa amelwe yifomula yefomula yefomula (C6h5o7) y.
Ukucebisa komhlaba okuqabulayo
Ithemu elijwayelekile lemikhiqizo etholwe ngokwandisa ukufinyeleleka kwezinto zomhlaba ezingandile ngezindlela zamakhemikhali noma zomzimba.
Umhlaba ongavamileubumsulwa
Ingxenyana enkulu yeUmhlaba ongavamile(insimbi noma i-oxide) njengengxenye eyinhloko engxenyeni, evezwe njengephesenti.
Ubumsulwa obuhlobeneimihlaba engavamile
Kubhekisa engxenyeni enkulu yento ethileUmhlaba ongavamileelement (insimbi noma i-oxide) ngenani eliphelele leUmhlaba ongavamile(insimbi noma i-oxide), kuvezwe njengephesenti.
-NkeUmhlaba ongavamile-delile
Ingxenyeni enkulu yezinto zomhlaba ezingandile emikhiqizweni, ezivezwe njengephesenti. U-oxides nosawoti wabo bamelwe yiReo, kanti izinsimbi kanye nama-alloys abo amelwe nguRe.
Earth Earth Axide-delile
Ingxenyana enkulu yomhlaba ongavamile omelwe yiReo emkhiqizweni, avezwe njengephesenti.
-Nye zwiUmhlaba ongavamile-delile
Ingxenyana enkulu yoyedwaUmhlaba ongavamileendaweni ehlanganisiwe, evezwe njengephesenti.
Umhlaba ongavamileukungcola
Emikhiqizweni yomhlaba engavamile,Umhlaba ongavamileizinto ngaphandle kwezinto eziphambili zemikhiqizo yaseMhlabeni eyiRare Earth.
OkungekhonaUmhlaba ongavamileukungcola
Emikhiqizweni yomhlaba engavamile, ezinye izinto ngaphandleUmhlaba ongavamileizakhi.
Ukunciphisa ukuncishiswa
Ingcezu enkulu yemibukiso yemihlaba engavamile elahlekile ngemuva kokulahlwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezibekiwe, ezivezwe njengephesenti.
Into ye-acid insoluble
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezibekiwe, ingxenye yezinto ezingafakwanga ku-Insoluble Kulo mkhiqizo engxenyeni enkulu yomkhiqizo, evezwe njengephesenti.
Ama-turbidity amanzi e-solubility
Ukulungiswa kobuningi obuncibilikileUmhlaba ongavamileuhleli emanzini.
Umhlaba Ongavamile
Into ehlanganisweUmhlaba ongavamileizinto nezinye izinto ezinezakhiwo zensimbi.
I-ALLOOY EMVA KOKUGCINA
Isimo soshintshoUmhlaba ongavamile u-Alloy rilingana nokukhiqizwa kweUmhlaba ongavamileimikhiqizo.
Umhlaba ongavamileIzinto ezisebenzayo
UkusebenzisaUmhlaba ongavamileizakhi njengengxenye enkulu futhi zisebenzisa amakhemikhali azo amahle kakhulu, kagesi, kazibuthe, amakhemikhali namakhemikhali akhethekile, imiphumela ekhethekile yomzimba, yamakhemikhali kanye neyokuzalwa ingakheka ukuze ifinyelele empumelelweni
Uhlobo lwezinto ezisebenzayo ezingaguqulwa zibe omunye komunye. Isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi njengezinto eziphakeme zezobuchwepheshe zokukhiqiza izakhi ezahlukahlukene zokusebenza futhi zisetshenziswe ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene zobuchwepheshe obuphakeme. Esetshenziswa kakhuluUmhlaba ongavamileIzinto ezisebenzayo zifaka phakathi izinto ezingandile zomhlaba kanye nokuqina komhlaba okuvamile
Izinto zokwakha, izinto zokugcina zomhlaba ezivamile ze-hydrogen, izinto ezingandile zomhlaba zokupholiza umhlaba, izinto ezingandile zomhlaba ezihlangene, njll.
Umhlaba ongavamileisabelokamba
Ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza komkhiqizo, inani elincane lomhlaba elingavamile eliqukethe izinto zengezwa ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.
Umhlaba ongavamileisabelokamba
Amakhompiyutha omhlaba aqabulayo adlala indima esebenzayo ngezinto ezisetshenziswayo zamakhemimeli nezepolitiki.Umhlaba ongavamileAmakhompiyutha asebenza njengezengezo ekulungisweni nasekucutshungulweni kwezinto ze-polymer (amapulasitiki, irabha, imicu yokwenziwa, njll.)
Ukusetshenziswa kwezengezo okusebenzayo kunemiphumela ehlukile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kokusebenza nokusebenza kwesicelo sezinto zokwenziwa kwama-polymer futhi uzinikeze ngemisebenzi emisha.
Ukufakwa kwe-Slag
Oxides noma ezinye izinhlanganisela ezenziwa ngezinto ezifanaI-Rare Earth Ingots Ingots, izintambo nezinduku.
Ukuhlukaniswa komhlaba
Kubhekisa ebudlelwaneni obulinganayo phakathi kokuqukethwe okuhlukahlukeneUmhlaba ongavamileAmakhompiyutha ezihlanganisiwe zomhlaba ezihlanganisiwe emhlabeni, ezivezwa njengephesenti lezinto zomhlaba ezingandile noma okoxide wazo.
Isikhathi sePosi: Oct-30-2023