Ikusasa selifikile, futhi abantu baye kancane kancane basondela emphakathini oluhlaza kanye nekhabhoni ephansi.Umhlaba ongavamileizakhi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwamandla omoya, ezimotweni zamandla amasha, amarobhothi ahlakaniphile, ukusetshenziswa kwe-hydrogen, izibani ezonga amandla, kanye nokuhlanzwa kwe-exhaust.
Umhlaba ongavamileyigama elihlangene lensimbi engu-17, kuhlanganisai-yttrium, scandium, kanye nezinto eziyi-15 ze-lanthanide.I-drive motor iyingxenye eyinhloko yamarobhothi ahlakaniphile, futhi umsebenzi wayo ohlangene ufezwa ikakhulukazi yi-drive motor.Ama-servo motors ahlala unomphela azibuthe angama-servo ajwayelekile, adinga amandla aphezulu ku-mass ratio kanye ne-torque inertia ratio, i-torque yokuqala ephezulu, inertia ephansi, kanye nebanga lejubane elibanzi nelibushelelezi.Ozibuthe banaphakade be-neodymium iron boron bangenza ukunyakaza kwamarobhothi kube lula, kusheshe, futhi kuqine ngokwengeziwe.
Kukhona futhi izicelo eziningi ezinekhabhoni ephansiimihlaba engavamileemkhakheni wezimoto wendabuko, njengengilazi yokupholisa, ukuhlanzwa kwe-exhaust, namamotho kazibuthe ahlala njalo.Isikhathi eside,i-cerium(Ce) iye yasetshenziswa njengesengezo engilazini yezimoto, engavimbi nje kuphela imisebe ye-ultraviolet kodwa futhi ehlisa izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwemoto, ngaleyo ndlela yonga ugesi ukuze kugcinwe umoya.Yiqiniso, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuhlanzwa kwegesi yokukhipha.Njengamanje, inani elikhului-ceriumama-agent okuhlanza igesi ekhipha umoya avimbela ngokuphumelelayo inani elikhulu legesi yokukhipha imoto ukuba ingakhishelwa emoyeni.Kukhona ukusetshenziswa okuningi komhlaba ongavamile kubuchwepheshe be-low-carbon green.
Imihlaba engavamileasetshenziswa kakhulu ngoba anezindawo ezinhle kakhulu ze-thermoelectric, kazibuthe, kanye ne-optical.Isakhiwo se-elekthronikhi esikhethekile sinikeza izakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile izinto ezicebile nezinemibala, ikakhulukazi kusukelaumhlaba ongavamileizakhi zine-4f electron sublayer, ngezinye izikhathi eyaziwa nangokuthi "izinga lamandla".I-4f electron sublayer ayigcini nje ngokuba namazinga amangalisayo angu-7 wamandla, kodwa futhi inamakhava amabili okuvikela “ezinga lamandla” angu-5d no-6s endaweni ezungezile.Lawa mazinga angu-7 wamandla afana nonodoli bedayimane, abahlukahlukene futhi bayajabulisa.Ama-electron angabhanqiwe kumazinga angu-7 wamandla awagcini nje ngokuphenduka, kodwa futhi azungeza i-nucleus, akhiqize izikhathi ezihlukene kazibuthe futhi akhiqize odonsa abanezimbazo ezahlukene.Lezi zindawo zikazibuthe ezincane zisekelwa izendlalelo ezimbili zezembozo zokuzivikela, ezizenza zibe kazibuthe kakhulu.Ososayensi basebenzisa uzibuthe wezinsimbi zomhlaba eziyivelakancane ukuze bakhe omazibuthe abasebenza kahle kakhulu, abafushaniswe ngokuthi “ozibuthe bomhlaba abangavamile”.Izici ezingaqondakali zeimihlaba engavamilezisahlolisiswa futhi zitholwe ososayensi kuze kube namuhla.
Ozibuthe be-neodymium abanamathelayo banokusebenza okulula, izindleko eziphansi, usayizi omncane, ukunemba okuphezulu, kanye nensimu kazibuthe ezinzile.Asetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni efana nobuchwepheshe bolwazi, i-office automation, kanye ne-electronics yabathengi.Ozibuthe be-neodymium abacindezelwe abashisayo banezinzuzo zokuminyana okuphezulu, ukuma okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle, kanye nokuphoqwa okuphezulu.
Ngokuzayo, umhlaba ongavamile uzodlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lokwakhela isintu ubuhlakani obunekhabhoni ephansi.
Umthombo: Science Popularization China
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-24-2023