Kunohlobo lwensimbi enomlingo kakhulu. Empilweni yansuku zonke, kuvela ngendlela ewuketshezi efana ne-mercury. Uma uyiphonsa nge-can, uzomangala ukuthola ukuthi ibhodlela liba buthaka njengephepha, futhi lizophuka nge-poke nje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuyiphonsa ngezinsimbi ezinjenge-zethusi nensimbi nakho kubangela lesi simo, esingabizwa ngokuthi "i-metal tertenator". Yini ebangela ukuba ibe nezimpawu ezinjalo? Namuhla sizongena emhlabeni we-gallium yensimbi.
1, iyiphi into eyintoI-Gallium Metal
Into ye-Gallium isendaweni yesine IIIII qembu etafuleni lezikhathi ezithile zezakhi. Iphoyinti elincibilikayo le-gallium elihlanzekile liphansi kakhulu, yi-29.78 ℃ kuphela, kepha iphuzu elibilayo liphezulu njengo-2204.8 ℃. Ehlobo, iningi lazo likhona njengoketshezi futhi lungancibilika lapho lubekwe entendeni yesandla. Kusuka kulezi zindawo ezingenhla, singaqonda ukuthi i-gallium ingalungisa ezinye izinsimbi ngokunembile ngenxa yephuzu layo eliphansi elincibilikayo. I-Gallium e-Liquid yakha ama-alloys anezinye izinsimbi, okuyinto yemilingo eshiwo ngaphambili. Okuqukethwe kwalo ku-crust womhlaba kucishe kube ngu-0,001% kuphela, futhi ukuba khona kwalo akutholakalanga kwaze kwaba yiminyaka eyi-140 edlule. Ngo-1871, usokhemisi waseRussia uMendeleV wafingqa itafula lesikhathi lezinto futhi wabikezela ukuthi ngemuva kwe-zinc, kukhona nento engezansi kwe-aluminium, enezindawo ezifanayo ze-aluminium futhi ibizwa nge- "aluminium njengento yento". Ngo-1875, lapho i-kamishini yesosayensi yaseFrance efunda imithetho yomugqa obonakala yezensimbi emndenini owodwa, ngakho-ke i-gallium) yayithola ngemuva komlando, ngakho-ke i-Gallium yaba yinto yokuqala ebikezelwe emlandweni wokutholwa kwento yamakhemikhali, bese ithola into eqinisekisiwe ezihlokweni.
I-Gallium isatshalaliswa ikakhulu eChina, eJalimane, eFrance, e-Australia, iKazakhstan namanye amazwe aseChina ama-Gallium agcinwe i-akhawunti ye-SHANXI, ikakhulukazi eShangxi, eGuangxi, uHenan, eGuangxi nezinye izindawo [1]. Ngokuya ngohlobo lokusabalalisa, i-Shanxi, uShandong nezinye izindawo ikakhulukazi ezikhona eBauxite, eYunnan nakwezinye izindawo kuTin Ore, naseHunan nezinye izindawo ikakhulukazi e-Spalerite. Ekuqaleni kokutholwa kwe-gallium Metal, ngenxa yokuntuleka kocwaningo oluhambisanayo ngohlelo lokusebenza, abantu bebelokhu bekholelwa ukuthi kuyinsimbi enokusebenziseka okuphansi. Kodwa-ke, ngokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bolwazi kanye nenkathi yamandla amasha kanye ne-High-Tech, i-Gallium Metal ithole ukunakwa njengento ebalulekile emkhakheni wolwazi, futhi ukufunwa kwayo sekukhuphuke kakhulu.
2, izinkambu zohlelo lokusebenza ze-gallium yensimbi
1. Inkambu ye-Semiconductor
I-Gallium isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezinto zokwenziwa ze-semiconductor, nge-gallium arsenide (gaas) izinto ezisetshenziswa kabanzi kanye nobuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe kakhulu. Njengomthwali wokusabalalisa imininingwane, i-akhawunti ye-semiconductor ye-akhawunti ye-80% kuya ku-85% yokusetshenziswa okuphelele kwe-gallium, ikakhulukazi esetshenziswa ukuxhumana okungenantambo. Ama-Amplifiers ama-Amplifiers we-Gallium Arsenide Amandla angakhuphula ijubane lokudluliselwa kokuxhumana kuya ezikhathini eziyi-100 ezinamanethiwekhi we-4G, angadlala indima ebalulekile ekungeneni inkathi ye-5G. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Gallium ingasetshenziswa njengendlela yokuhlanza ukushisa ezihlelweni ze-semiconductor ngenxa yezici zayo ezishisayo, iphuzu eliphansi elincibilikayo, ukusebenza okuphezulu okushisayo, nokusebenza okuhle kokugeleza. Ukusebenzisa insimbi ye-gallium ngendlela ye-gallium based aloy ezindaweni ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo zingathuthukisa amandla okuhlanza ukushisa kanye nokusebenza kwezinto ze-elekthronikhi.
2. Amaseli elanga
Ukuthuthukiswa kwamangqamuzana elanga sekuqhamuka emangqamuzaneni okuqala we-monocrystalline silicon ku-polycrystalline amaseli wefilimu amancane. Ngenxa yezindleko eziphakeme zamaseli we-polycrystalline we-silicon Amaseli weCigs anezinzuzo zezindleko eziphansi zokukhiqiza, ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kwe-batch, kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokuguqula isithombe, ngaleyo ndlela kube namathemba abanzi wokuthuthuka. Okwesibili, amaseli elanga elanga we-arsenide anezinzuzo ezibalulekile ekuguqukeni kahle uma kuqhathaniswa namaseli amancanyana enziwe ngezinye izinto. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezindleko eziphezulu zokukhiqiza ze-Gallium Arsenide izinto, okwamanje zisetshenziswa ikakhulukazi kumasimu we-aerospace nasezempi.
3. Amandla we-hydrogen
Ngokuqwashisa ngokwanda kwezinkinga zamandla emhlabeni wonke, abantu bafuna ukufaka esikhundleni semithombo yamandla engavuselelwa, lapho amandla e-hydrogen avelele khona. Kodwa-ke, izindleko eziphakeme kanye nokuphepha okuphansi kwesitoreji se-hydrogen nokuhamba kwezokuhamba kuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwalobu buchwepheshe. Njengento yensimbi eningi kakhulu ku-crust, i-aluminium ingasabela ngamanzi ukukhiqiza ama-hydrogen ngaphansi kwemibandela ethile ye-aluminium ye-aluminium ukwakha i-alloy ne-aluminium, futhi i-gallium ingancibilikisa i-aluminium engaphezulu I-Oxide Coating, evumela ukusabela ukuthi kuqhubeke [4], futhi insimu yensimbi ingavuselelwa futhi isetshenziswe kabusha. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-aluminium gallium alloy izinto ezixazulula kahle inkinga yokulungiselela ngokushesha kanye nokugcina okuphephile kanye nokuhamba kwamandla we-hydrogen, ngcono ukuphepha, umnotho kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.
4. Inkambu yezokwelapha
I-Gallium isetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni wezokwelapha ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezihlukile zemisebe, ezingasetshenziselwa ukucabanga nokuvimbela ama-tumors amabi. Amakhompiyutha e-Gallium ane-antifungal esobala ne-antibacterial imisebenzi, futhi ekugcineni afinyelele ekuhlanzeni ngokuphazamisa nge-bacterial metabolism. Futhi ama-alloys we-Gallium angasetshenziswa ukwenza ama-thermometer, anjenge-gallium Indium tin Thermometers, uhlobo olusha lwe-alloy yensimbi ephephile, olungelona ubuthi, futhi lungasetshenziswa esikhundleni sokubuyisela esikhundleni se-tenomury thermometers. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani elithile le-alloy elisuselwa ku-gallium elisuselwa esikhundleni sendabuko le-amalgam yesiliva futhi lisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zemitholampilo njengezinto ezintsha zokugcwalisa kwamazinyo.
3, Outlook
Yize iChina ingenye yabakhiqizi abaphambili be-Gallium emhlabeni, kusenezinkinga eziningi embonini yase-Gallium yaseChina. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-gallium njengeminerali, amabhizinisi okukhiqiza ama-gallium ahlakazekile, futhi kunezixhumanisi ezibuthakathaka ecaleni lezimboni. Inqubo yezimayini inokungcoliswa kwemvelo okukhulu, kanye ne-gallium yokutshala ye-gallium ebumsulwa ephezulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ukuthembela ekuthumeleni i-gallium ephansi ngamanani aphansi nokungenisa ama-gallium acwengekileyo ngamanani aphezulu. Kodwa-ke, ngokuthuthukiswa kwesayensi nezobuchwepheshe, ukuthuthukiswa kwamazinga okuphila kwabantu, kanye nokusetshenziswa okugcwele kwe-gallium emasimini yolwazi namandla, isidingo se-gallium sizokhula ngokushesha. Ubuchwepheshe obusemuva bokukhiqizwa emuva kwe-gallium ebumsulwa obukhulu buzoba nezingqinamba ngokuthuthuka kwezimboni zaseChina. Ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obusha kubaluleke kakhulu ekufezekiseni ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu yesayensi nobuchwepheshe eChina.
Isikhathi sePosi: Meyi-17-2023