1, Isisekelo Esiyisisekelo
Igama lesiShayina:Itheyili, Igama lesiNgisi:Itheyili, uphawu lwentoBa, inombolo ye-athomu engu-56 etafuleni lezikhathi ezithile, iyi-IA GROOP ALKALINE EMERTEL ye-Metal element ene-density ye-3.51 g / cubic centimeter, iphuzu elibiyelwe ngo-1877 ° C), nephuzu elibilayo lika-1870 ° C). I-Barium iyinsimbi yomhlaba ye-alkaline enomsindo omhlophe wesiliva, ngombala welangabi ohlaza okotshani ophuzi, othambile, no-ductile.ItheyiliInezakhiwo ezisebenzayo zamakhemikhali futhi ingasabela ngezinsimbi eziningi ezingezona izinsimbi.Itheyiliayikaze itholakale njengento eyodwa emvelweni.Itheyiliusawoti anobuthi ngaphandle kweitheyilisulfate. Ngaphezu kwalokho,I-Metallic BariumInokuncishiswa okuqinile futhi inganciphisa iningi le-oxides yensimbi, ama-halfides, kanye nama-sulfides ukuthola izinsimbi ezihambisanayo. Okuqukethwe kweitheyiliKu-crust ngu-0,05%, futhi amaminerali ajwayelekile ngokwemvelo anezinga (itheyilisulfate) kanye ne-anarite (itheyiliCarbonate). I-Barium isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni efana ne-elekthronikhi, ubumbahele, umuthi, nophethiloli.
2, ukutholwa kweItheyilikanye nesimo sokuthuthuka seChinaItheyiliImboni
1. Umlando omfishane wokutholwa kweitheyili
I-Alkaline Earth Metal Sulfides ibonisa i-phosphorescence, okusho ukuthi bayaqhubeka nokukhipha ukukhanya ebumnyameni isikhathi esithile ngemuva kokuvulelwa ukukhanya. Kunengqondo ngenxa yalesi simo sokuthiitheyiliamakhompiyutha aseqalile ukuthola ukunakwa.
Ngo-1602, uV. Casiololus, ongumShoemaker eBologna, e-Italy, wathola ukuthi i-barite equketheitheyiliI-Sulfate ikhiphe ukukhanya ebumnyameni ngemuva kokuyichoboza ngezinto ezivuthayo. Le nto yavusa isithakazelo sosokhemisi baseYurophu. Ngo-1774, osokhemisi baseSweden CW Scheele bathola into entsha ngoButite, kepha akakwazanga ukuwahlukanisa, kuphela oxide waleso sakhi. Ngo-1776, uJohan Gottlieb Gahn wahlukanisa le oxide esifundweni esifanayo. UBaryta ekuqaleni wabizwa ngokuthi yi-barote kaGuyton de Morveau, futhi kamuva waqamba kabusha uBaryta (Umhlaba osindayo) ngu-Antoine Lavoisier. Ngo-1808, usokhemisi waseBrithani uHumphry wasebenzisa iMercury njenge-cathode, iplatinamu njenge-anode, kanye ne-electrolyzed Barite (basso4) ukukhiqizaitheyiliAmalgam. Ngemuva kokugcotshwa ukususa iMercury, insimbi enokuhlanzeka okuphansi yatholakala futhi yaqanjwaBarium.
Izicelo zezimboni nazo zinomlando weminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu
Maphakathi nekhulu le-19, abantu baqala ukusebenzisa i-barite (amaminerali abalulekile okukhiqizaitheyilina-itheyiliamakhompiyutha) njenge-filler for peints. Kusukela kuleli khulu leminyaka, uBitite usephenduke impahla eyinhloko yokukhiqiza ehlukahlukeneitheyiliequkethe imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali. Ngenxa yengxenye yayo ebalulekile, izakhiwo zamakhemikhali ezinzile, kanye nokungabonakali emanzini nama-acid, kusetshenziswe i-barite njenge-ejenti yesisindo sodaka lwamafutha kanye nodaka.ItheyiliI-Sulfate isetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwemibala emhlophe futhi ingasetshenziswa njengomfaki kanye nombala werabha.
2. Isimo seChinaitheyiliimboni
-JwayelekileitheyiliUsawoti ufakaitheyilisulfate,itheyilinitrate, barium chloride,itheyiliI-Carbonate,itheyiliI-Cyanide, njll.ItheyiliImikhiqizo kaSawoti isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi emkhakheni we-elekthronikhi njengezengezo zamashubhu wezithombe zemibala nezintokazi.
Njengamanje, iChina isiphenduke umkhiqizo omkhulu kakhulu emhlabeniitheyiliUsawoti. Umthamo wonyaka we-Global World World ofitheyiliI-Carbonate icishe ibe ngamathani angama-900000, ngokuphuma kwamathani acishe abe ngu-700000, kanti umthamo wonyaka weChina ucishe ube ngamathani angama-700000, ngokuphuma konyaka kwamathani angama-500000, accounting angaphezu kwama-70% omhlaba jikeleleitheyiliumthamo wokukhiqiza we-carbonate kanye nokukhipha. ChinaitheyiliImikhiqizo ye-carbonate idluliselwe ngamanani amakhulu isikhathi eside, futhi iChina isiphenduke ngaphandle komthengisi emhlabeni jikeleleitheyiliCarbonate.
Izinkinga ezibhekene nentuthuko yeItheyiliImboni kasawoti eChina
Yize iChina ingumkhiqizi omkhulu emhlabeni kanye nomthumeli wezethuliitheyiliI-Carbonate, akuwona umkhiqizi oqinile we-barium carbonate. Okokuqala, kunezilinganiso ezimbalwa ezinkuluitheyiliAmabhizinisi Okukhiqiza ama-Carbonate eChina, futhi kunamabhizinisi ambalwa kakhulu athole ukukhiqizwa okukhulu; Okwesibili, iChinaitheyiliImikhiqizo ye-carbonate inesakhiwo esisodwa futhi iswele imikhiqizo ephezulu yezobuchwepheshe. Yize amanye amafektri ecwaninga njengamanje futhi ekhiqiza ubumsulwa obukhuluitheyiliI-Carbonate, ukuqina kwayo kumpofu. Ngemikhiqizo yokuhlanza okuphezulu, iChina nayo idinga ukungenisa ezivela ezinkampanini ezinjengeJalimane, i-Italy, neJapan. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminyakeni yamuva nje, amanye amazwe asephenduke ngaphandle kwamanye amazweitheyiliI-Carbonate, efana neRussia, iBrazil, iSouth Korea, neMexico, okuholela ekutholeni ukweqisa kwamanye amazweitheyiliImakethe ye-Carbonate, eye yaba nomthelela omkhulu eChinaitheyiliimboni ye-carbonate. Abakhiqizi bazimisele ukwehlisa amanani ukuze baphile. Ngasikhathi sinye, amabhizinisi okuthumela amaShayina nawo abhekene nophenyo lokulahla oluvela phesheya. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezidingo zokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ezinyeitheyiliAmabhizinisi okukhiqiza usawoti eChina nawo abhekene nezinkinga zokuvikela ezemvelo. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuthuthukiswa kweChinaitheyiliimboni kasawoti,itheyiliAmabhizinisi okukhiqiza usawoti eChina kufanele athathe ukuvikelwa kanye nokuphepha kwezemvelo njengesisekelo, ngokuqhubekayo akwazi ukwethula ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukile, futhi athuthukise imikhiqizo emisha ehlangabezana nezidingo zezikhathi futhi zinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezobuchwepheshe.
Ukukhiqizwa kanye nedatha yokuthumela ngaphandle kweBarte eChina
Ngokusho kwemininingwane evela e-United States Geological Survey, ukukhiqizwa kwesifunda eChina kwakungamathani ayizigidi ezingama-41 ngonyaka we-2014. Ngokusho kwezibalo zamasiko amaShayina, kusukela ngo-China kuya kuDiser, i-China yathumela amakhilogremu angama-92588597itheyiliI-Sulfate, ukukhuphuka kwe-0.18% kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka owedlule. Inani lokuthekelisa okuqongelayo lalingama-6549659898 amadola aseMelika, ukukhuphuka kwama-20.99% kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka owedlule. Intengo ye-Export Unit yayingama-dollar angama-0.71 aseMelika ngekhilogremu ngayinye, ukukhuphuka kwamadola angama-0.12 ase-US ngekhilogremu ngayinye kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka owedlule. Phakathi kwazo, ngoDisemba 2014, i-China yathumela amakhilogremu angama-8768648itheyiliI-Sulfate, ukukhuphuka kwe-8.19% kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka owedlule. Inani lokuthumela kwelinye izwe lalingama-8385141 amadola aseMelika, ukwanda kwe-5.1% kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka owedlule.
Ngokwemininingwane yamasiko amaShayina, ngoJuni 2015, iChina yathumela amathani angama-170000itheyilisulfate, ukwehla kwe-1.7% kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka owedlule; Engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka, ivolumu yokuthumela kwelinye izwe lalingamathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.12, ukwehla kuka-6.8% uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka owedlule; Inani elifanayo lokuthumela kwelinye izwe lancipha ngo-5.4% no-9% ngokulandelana ngokuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka owedlule.
3, ukusatshalaliswa kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezinsizakusebenza zeBarium (Barite)
1. Ukusatshalaliswa kwemithombo ye-barium
Okuqukethwe kweitheyiliKu-crust yi-0.05%, isikhundla 14th. Amaminerali amakhulu emvelo are Barite (itheyilisulfate basso4) kanye ne-unarite (itheyiliI-Carbonate Baco3). Phakathi kwazo, i-Barite iyiminerali evame kakhulu ye-barium, ehlanganiswa ngayoitheyiliI-Sulfate futhi yenzeka emithanjeni ye-hydrothermal ephansi, efana nemithambo ye-quartz barite, imithambo ye-fluarite barite, njll. Ubuthi obukhulu bungomunye omkhuluitheyiliequkethe amaminerali ngokwemvelo, ngaphezu kwesigaba, kanye nengxenye yaso eyinhlokoitheyiliCarbonate.
Ngokusho kwemininingwane evela e-United States Geological Survey ngo-2015, insiza ye-Global Barite icishe ibe ngamathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili, lapho kufakazelwa khona amathani angama-74040 ama-740. Izinqolobane ze-Barite Global zingamathani ayizigidi ezingama-350. I-China izwe elinemithombo eminingi yebanga eliningi. Amanye amazwe anezinsizakusebenza ezicebile ze-Barite afaka iKazakhstan, Türkiye, India, Thailand, I-United States naseMexico. Imithombo edumile yesifunda emhlabeni ifaka umhlaba waseNtshonalanga e-UK, Felsbonne eRomania, eTiazhu eHubei, eThiangxi eGuangxi, eThiangzhou eGuangxi, kanye noShuiping eShaanxi.
Ngokwemininingwane evela e-United States Geological Survey ngo-2015, ukukhiqizwa kwe-garite emhlabeni wonke kwakungamathani ayizigidi ezingama-9,23 ngonyaka ka-2014. Ngo-2014, iChina kwakungu-44.3% wokukhiqizwa komhlaba wonke. I-India, eMorocco, kanye ne-United States zisesibili, okwesithathu, nawesine ngokulandelana, ngokukhiqizwa kwamathani ayizigidi eziyi-1,6, amathani ayi-1 million, namathani angama-720000.
2. Ukusabalalisa kweItheyiliIzinsizakusebenza eChina
I-China inothile ngaphakathiitheyiliIzinsizakusebenza ze-ORE, ngesilinganiso esiphelele esibikezelwe samathani angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingaphezu kuka-1. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibanga leBarium Ore liphezulu kakhulu, futhi okugciniwe kwalo nokukhiqiza kufakwa kuqala emhlabeni. Okuvame kakhuluitheyiliequkethe amaminerali ngokwemvelo kunesihloko. I-Global Reservation of Barite amathani ayizigidi ezingama-350, kanti indawo yokugcina uBarte eChina ingamathani ayizigidi eziyi-100, afaka cishe ama-29% acishe abe ngu-29% we-Global Reserve kanye.
Ngokusho kwemininingwane ekuhlolweni kwezindawo eziphambili zokuhlushwa amaminerali kanye nezinsizakusebenza ze-Barite Mines "(Chemical Mineral geology, 2010), iChina inothile ezifundazweni ezingama-24 (izifunda) ezweni lonke, ngezikhundla zokukhiqiza kuqala emhlabeni. Kunezindawo ezingama-195 zezimayini ezinezindawo ezihlongozwayo eChina, enezinsizakusebenza eziqinisekisiwe zezinsiza ezingamathani angama-390 wezigidi ezingama-Ore. Kusuka ekusatshalalisweni kwesiFundazwe (kwesifunda) seBarte, IsiFundazwe saseGuizhou sinezimayini eziningi kakhulu, ukubalwa kwama-34% wezindawo ezigciniwe zezwe; UHunan, Guangxi, Gansu, Shaanxi nezinye izifundazwe (izifunda) zithatha indawo yesibili. Lezi zifundazwe ezingenhla ezingenhla zilandisa ngama-80% ezindawo zikazwelonke. Uhlobo lwediphozithi luyedelwa kakhulu, lwe-accounting ngo-60% wezindawo ezigciniwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona futhi ungqimba olulawulwa (e-endogenetic), i-volrothetic sedimentrary, i-hydrothermal, kanye ne-slope) izinhlobo ezisele). Isikhathi sokumbiwa kwamaminerali ikakhulukazi sasisesikhathini se-paleozoic, futhi amadiphozithi e-barite nawo akhiwa ngesikhathi sezikhathi zaseSonia naseMesozoic Cenozoic.
Izici zemithombo yamaminerali eBarte eChina
Ngokombono wenani elilinganiselwe, amaminerali e-BARITE eChina asatshalaliswa kakhulu esifundeni esisemaphakathi; Ngokuya ngebanga, cishe wonke amaminerali acebile agxile kakhulu eGuizhou naseGuangxi; Ngokombono wesilinganiso sediphozithi ye-Ore, ama-Barite e-Barite ikakhulukazi amakhulu futhi aphakathi nendawo. Izindawo ezimbili kuphela ezimayini zaseGuizhou Tianzhu dahe bian kanye neHunan Xinhuang Gongxi - i-akhawunti engaphezu kwengxenye yezinqolobane kulezi zindawo. Imvamisa, uhlobo lwe-barite olulodwa luhlobo lwe-ore oluphambili, futhi ukwakheka kwamaminerali kanye nesilinganiso sokwakheka kwamakhemikhali kulula futhi kube msulwa, njenge-hungan Xinhuang Gongxi Barite Milite. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona nezinqolobane ezinkulu ze-CO kanye namaminerali ahambisana nawo angasetshenziswa ngokuphelele.
4, inqubo yokukhiqiza yeBarium
1. Ukulungiselelaitheyili
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-metallic barium embonini kufaka izinyathelo ezimbili: ukukhiqizwa kweBarium oxide kanye nokukhiqizwa kwensimbi ye-barium ngokusebenzisa ukuncishiswa kwensimbi (ukuncishiswa kwe-aluminimic).
(1) Ukulungiselelaitheyilionside
I-Barite Ore Ore Ore Ore First First idinga Ukukhetha Manual kanye ne-Flotation, kulandelwa yi-Iron kanye ne-Silicon Ukususwa ukuze uthole ukugxila okuqukethe okungaphezulu kwama-96%itheyilisulfate. Hlanganisa i-mineral powder ngosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezingaphansi kwama-mesh kanye namalahle noma ama-petroleum coke powder ngesilinganiso sesisindo esingu-4: 1, kanye ne-calcine ngo-1100 ℃ esithandweni sokubuyiselwa emuva.ItheyiliI-Sulfate incishiswa yaba yi-barium sulfide (eyaziwa ngokuthi "yaziwa ngokuthi" umlotha omnyama "), okuboshwe ngamanzi ashisayo ukuthola isixazululo se-barium sulfide. Ukuze uguqule i-barium sulfide ibe yi-barium carbonate yezulu, kuyadingeka ukwengeza i-sodium carbonate noma ukwethula ikhabhoni dioktide kwikhambi lamanzi se-barium sulfide aquali. Hlanganisa i-barium carbonate nge-carbon powder ne-calcine engenhla kwama-800 ℃ ukuthola i-barium oxide. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-barium oxidizes yokwakha i-barium peroxide ngo-500-700 ℃, kanti i-barium peroxide ingabola kufomuitheyilioxide ngo-700-800 ℃. Ngakho-ke, ukugwema ukukhiqiza i-barium peroxide, imikhiqizo ebekiwe idinga ukusethwa noma ukucishwa ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwegesi ye-inert.
(2) ukukhiqizwa kweibhayisiyusiNgendlela yokunciphisa i-aluminimic
Kunokusabela okubili kokuncishiswa kwe-aluminium kweitheyiliI-Oxide Ngenxa Yezithako Ezihlukile:
6Bao + 2Al → 3bao • Al2o3 + 3ba ↑
Noma: 4bao + 2al → Bao • Al2o3 + 3ba ↑
Emazingeni okushisa asukela ku-1000 kuya ku-1200 ℃, lokhu kusabela okubili kuveza okuncane kakhuluitheyili, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ipompo ye-vacuum ukuze uqhubeke ngokudluliswaitheyiliumphunga ovela endaweni yokuphendula kuya endaweni yokuvuselela ukuze uphendule ngokuqhubekayo ngakwesokudla. Izinsalela ngemuva kokuphendula zinobuthi futhi zingalahlwa kuphela ngemuva kokwelashwa.
2. Ukulungiselela amakhompiyutha ajwayelekile we-barium
(1) Indlela yokulungiselela yeitheyilii-carbonate
① indlela ye-carbonization
Indlela ye-carbonization ikakhulukazi ifaka ukuxuba i-barite ne-coal ngesilinganiso esithile, ibachoboza esithandweni esijikelezayo, futhi bahlanze futhi bayinciphise ngo-1100-1200 ℃ ukuthola i-barium sulfide incibilike. I-Carbon Dioxide yethulwa kuitheyiliIsixazululo se-sulfide se-carbonization, kanye nokutholwaitheyiliI-Carbonate Slurry ifakwa ngaphansi kokuhlanza ukugeza kanye nokuhlunga kwe-vacum. Ngemuva kwalokho, yomisiwe futhi ichotshozwa ngo-300 ℃ ukuthola umkhiqizo we-barium Carbonate ophelile. Le ndlela yamukelwa iningi labakhiqizi ngenxa yenqubo yayo elula nezindleko eziphansi.
② indlela eyinkimbinkimbi yokubola
Umkhiqizo wokugcina weitheyiliI-Carbonate ingatholwa ukusabela okukhohlakele kabili phakathi kwe-barium sulfide ne-ammonium carbonate, noma ngokusabela phakathi kweBarium Chloride ne-potassium carbonate. Umkhiqizo ongenzeka bese ugezwa, uhlungwa, omisiwe, njll.
③ Umthetho onobuthi obunzima be-petrochemical
I-tow powder enobuthi enobuthi iphendulwa ngosawoti we-ammonium ukuze ukhiqize incibilizeitheyiliusawoti, futhi i-ammonium carbonate iphinde isetshenziswe. IncibilikaitheyiliUsawoti wengezwa ku-ammonium carbonate ukucacisa i-barium carbonate ecwebile, ehlungiwe futhi omiswe ukukhiqiza umkhiqizo ophelile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, utshwala obutholwe umama bungaphinde busetshenziswe kabusha futhi baphinde basebenzise.
(2) Indlela yokulungiselela yeitheyiliephisa
① indlela yesigaba esiqinile
ItheyiliI-TitaNate ingalungiswa ngokukhangisaitheyiliI-Carbonate neTitanium Dioxide, engahle idonswe nezinye izinto.
② indlela ye-cops
ChazaitheyiliI-Chloride ne-titanium tetrachloride engxenyeni yezinto ezilinganayo, ukushisa ku-70 ° C, bese wehlisa i-oxalic acid ukuthola i-hydrate ye-hydrateitheyiliI-Titanate [Batio (C2O4) 2-4h2o]. Geza, yomile, bese i-pyrolysis ukuthola i-barium titanate.
(3) Indlela yokulungiselela yeitheyilichloride
Inqubo yokukhiqiza yeitheyiliI-Chloride ikakhulukazi ifaka indlela ye-hydrochloric acid,itheyiliIndlela ye-Carbonate, indlela ye-calcium chloride, kanye nendlela ye-magnesium chloride ngokuya ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene noma izinto zokusetshenziswa.
① Indlela ye-Hydrochloric acid.
②Itheyiliindlela ye-carbonate. Yenziwe ngetshe elinezinhlamvu (i-barium carbonate) njengento eluhlaza.
③ Indlela ye-calcium chloride. Ukunciphisa ingxube yeBarte ne-calcium chloride ngekhabhoni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunendlela ye-Magnesium Chloride. Ilungiselelwe ukwelashwaitheyilisulfide nge-magnesium chloride.
Isikhathi sePosi: Nov-01-2023