Inombolo ye-athomu yeinto ye-thuliumuneminyaka engama-69 kanti isisindo sayo se-athomu singu-168.93421. Okuqukethwe ku-crust yomhlaba kungukuthathu kwezintathu ezingama-100000, okuyinto ethe xaxa phakathi kwezinto zomhlaba ezingandile. Ikhona ikakhulukazi eSilico Beryllium yttrium ore, emhlabathini omnyama emhlabeni wegolide, i-phosphorus yttrium ore, kanye ne-molayte. Ingxenyeni enkulu yezinto zomhlaba ezingandile eMonazite ngokuvamile ifinyelela kuma-50%, nge-accounting ye-thulium ye-0.007%. I-Isotope Ezinzile Yemvelo i-Thulium 169 kuphela. Isetshenziswa kabanzi emithonjeni ekhanyayo yamandla okukhanya, ama-lasers, ama-superconductoricton aphezulu, nezinye izinkambu.
Ukuthola Umlando
Kutholwe ngu: PT Cleve
Kutholwe ngo-1878
Ngemuva kwe-mossander ehlukanise umhlaba we-erbium kanye ne-terbium emhlabeni kusuka eYttrium Earth ngo-1842, amakhemikhali amaningi asebenzisa ukuhlaziya okubukelayo ukukhomba nokunquma ukuthi abezongenawo amakhekhe amakhekhe ukuthi aqhubeke nokuzihlukanisa. Ngemuva kokuhlukanisaytterbium oxidena-Scandium oxideUkusuka kwisiteji esinama-oxidized, uCliff uhlukanise ama-oxide amabili ama-ontides ama-1879 ngonyaka we-1879. Omunye wabo waqanjwa ngokuthi iThulium ukukhumbula izwe laseClandinavia (Thulia), ngesibonakaliso se-element tu futhi manje i-TM. Ngokutholakele kwe-aLulium nezinye izinto zomhlaba ezingandile, enye ingxenye yesigaba sesithathu sokutholwa kwento evamile yomhlaba sekuqediwe.
Ukucushwa kwe-elektroni
Ukucushwa kwe-elektroni
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3P6 4s2 3D10 4p6 5S2 4D10 5p0 6s2 4F13
Thululiumiyinsimbi emhlophe yesiliva ene-couctility futhi ingasikwa ivulekile ngommese ngenxa yokwehla kwayo okuthambile; Iphuzu elincibilikayo 1545 ° C, abilayo iphuzu 1947 ° C, Density 9.3208.
UThulium uzinzile emoyeni;Thulium oxideiyi-crystal eluhlaza ekhanyayo. Usawoti (uSolution usawoti) oxides konke kuluhlaza ngombala.
Isicelo
Yize i-thweliyamu ayivamile futhi iyabiza, isenezicelo ezithile emasimini akhethekile.
Umthombo wokukhanya okuphezulu okuphezulu
I-Thulium ivame ukwethulwa emithonjeni yokukhanya okushisa kakhulu ngohlobo lwama-haldes amsulwa (imvamisa i-tulium bromide), ngenhloso yokusebenzisa i-spectrum ye-thulium.
I-laser
Ama-ytttrium yttrium aluminium garnet (Ho: Cr: tm: yag) i-solid-State Pullos laser ingakhiqizwa ngokusebenzisa i-thlium ion, i-chromium ion, kanye ne-holmium ion e-yttrium aluminium garnet, okungakhipha i-wavelength ka-2097 nm; Isetshenziswa kabanzi emasimini ezempi, ezokwelashwa, nasemotweni. I-wavelthth ye-laser ekhishwa yiThulium Dontrium Aluminium Garnet (TM: yag) i-solid-state pulse laser isukela ngo-1930 nm kuya ku-2040 NM. Ukuqothuka ebusweni bezicubu kusebenza kakhulu, ngoba kungavimbela ukugcwala kusuka ekujuleni kakhulu komoya namanzi. Lokhu kwenza ama-tulium lasers anamandla amakhulu okufaka isicelo ekuhlinzweni kwe-laser eyisisekelo. I-Thulium Laser isebenza kahle kakhulu ezindaweni ezivunwe yizicubu ezibandayo ngenxa yamandla ayo aphansi namandla angena ngaphakathi, futhi angakwazi ukuhlangana ngaphandle kokudala amanxeba ajulile. Lokhu kwenza ama-tulium lasers anamandla amakhulu okufaka isicelo ekuhlinzweni kwe-laser
I-Thulium Doped Laser
Umthombo we-X-ray
Ngaphandle kwezindleko eziphakeme, amadivayisi we-X-ray aphathekayo aqukethe i-aLulium aqalile ukusetshenziswa kabanzi njengemithombo yemisebe ephendula nge-radiation. Le mithombo yemisebe inesikhathi sokuphila esingu-18 cishe ngonyaka owodwa futhi ingasetshenziswa njengethuluzi lokuxilonga lezokwelapha nangamazinyo, kanye namathuluzi wokutholwa kwesici for imishini kanye nezakhi ze-elekthronikhi okunzima ukufinyelela ngazo amandla. Le mithombo yemisebe ayidingi ukuvikelwa okubalulekile kwemisebe - kudingeka inani elincane kuphela lokuhola. Ukusetshenziswa kweThulium 170 Njengomthombo wemisebe esondelene nokwelashwa komdlavuza okusondele kakhulu kuya ngokuya kusabalele. Leli asotope linempilo yezinsuku eziyi-128.6 nemigqa emihlanu yokuphuma kwamandla amakhulu (7.4, 51.354, 52.389, 59.4, kanye nama-84.253 Kiloelectron Volts). I-Thulium 170 nayo ingenye yemithombo yemisebe yezimboni esetshenziswa kakhulu.
Izinto zokushisa eziphakeme zokushisa superconducting
Ifana ne-YTtrium, i-Thulium nayo isetshenziswa kuma-superconductonductors aphezulu. I-Thulium inenani elingaba khona elisetshenzisiwe ku-Ferrite njengezinto zikamazibuthe ze-ceramic ezisetshenziswa emishini ye-microwave. Ngenxa ye-spectrum yayo eyingqayizivele, ingafakwa i-thulium kukhanyisa isibani se-arc esinjengeScandium, futhi ukukhanya okuluhlaza okukhishwe ngamalambu we-arc usebenzisa imigqa yokuphuma kwezinye izinto. Ngenxa yekhono lawo lokukhipha i-fluorescence eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphansi kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet, i-thulium nayo isetshenziswa njengenye yezimpawu zokulwa ne-anti-councitive kumanothi we-euro. I-fluorescence eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ekhishwe yi-calcium sulfate engezwe nge-thulium isetshenziswa kwi-dosimetry yomuntu siqu yokutholwa kwe-radiation domo.
Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza
Ngenxa ye-spectrum yayo eyingqayizivele, i-thweliyamu ingafakwa ekukhanyiseni isibani se-arc esinjengeScandium, futhi ukukhanya okuluhlaza okukhishwa amalambu we-arc aqukethe imigqa yokuphuma kwezinye izinto.
I-Thulium Enits eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka i-fluorescence eluhlaza ngaphansi kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet, okwenza kube ngenye yezimpawu ezilwa ne-anti-counce eminyani ye-euro.
I-Euro ngaphansi kwe-UV irradiation, ngokukhanya okucacile kokulwa nokuphamba okubonakalayo kubonakala
Isikhathi sePosi: Aug-25-2023