AIsingathekiso esivamile ukuthi uma uwoyela uyigazi lomkhakha, khona-ke umhlaba ongavamile uyivithamini yemboni.
Umhlaba ongavamile ukufushanisa kweqembu lezinsimbi. Izinto zomhlaba ezingavamile, i-ree) zitholakele ngemuva kokuphela kwekhulu le-18. Kunezinhlobo eziyi-17 zeRee, kufaka phakathi ama-lanthanides ayi-15 etafuleni lezikhathi ezithile zezakhi zamakhemikhali-lanthanum (LA), i-Praseethium (PM), futhi isetshenziswe kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi efana ne-elektroniki, i-petrochemicals kanye ne-metallurgy. Cishe njalo eminyakeni emi-3-5, ososayensi bangathola ukusetshenziswa okusha komhlaba okungavamile, kwathi lapho kusungulwa okukodwa kwazo zonke izithupha.
I-China inothile eminweni ye-Rare Earth Minerals, isikhundla sokuqala emazweni amathathu: eyokuqala ezinsizakalweni zokugcina izinsiza, ezibalwa cishe ngama-23%; Okuphumayo kungokokuqala, ukubalwa kwama-80% kuya ku-90% wezimpahla zomhlaba ezingandile; IVolumu Yezentengiso ingeyokuqala, enama-60% kuya kwangama-70% wemikhiqizo yaseMhlabeni eyiRare Earth ethunyelwa kwelinye izwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, iChina ukuphela kwezwe elinganikeza zonke izinhlobo zezinsimbi zomhlaba ezingandile, ikakhulukazi umhlaba ongandile ojwayelekile onamasosha asetshenzisiwe ngesabelo sempi esivelele.
RIngabe uMhlaba ungumthombo obalulekile wamasu wecebo, owaziwa ngokuthi "ama-monosodium wezimboni we-monosodium glutamate" futhi "Umama wezinto ezintsha", futhi usetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yesayensi yokusika-amabutho. Ngokusho koMnyango Wezimboni nobuchwepheshe bolwazi, izinto ezisebenzayo ezifana ne-Rare Earth Green Magnet, i-Luminescence, i-Petrogen Isitoreji, i-Metalling Industries, i-Metalsemical Industries, i-Metalchel Imboni, Ukuvikelwa Kwezemvelo, Ukuvikelwa Kwezolimo nokunye. .
Ngo-1983, iJapan yethule uhlelo lokugcina amasu ezimizuzu ezingandile, kwathi ama-83% omhlaba wawo angavamile aqhamuka eChina.
Bheka i-United States futhi, indawo yayo engavamile yoMhlaba ingeyesibili kuphela eChina, kepha imihlaba yayo engavamile yonke imihlaba ekhanyayo, ehlukaniswe imihlaba esindayo engandile kanye nokukhanya komhlaba okungavamile. Imihlaba eyingozi enamandla iyabiza kakhulu, futhi umhlaba ongavamile ongavamile awunawo owami, oye waphenduka imihlaba engandile engavamile ngabantu abasemkhakheni. I-80% ye-US Rre rtram ukungeniswa okuvela eChina.
UComrade deng Xiaoping wake wathi: "Kukhona uwoyela eMiddle East kanye naseMhlabeni ongavamile eChina." Okushiwo amazwi akhe kuyabonakala. Umhlaba ongandile awugcini nje ngokuthi "msg" odingekayo wemikhiqizo eyi-1/5 ephezulu yezobuchwepheshe emhlabeni, kodwa futhi ne-chip enamandla yokuxoxisana yeChina e-World exoxisana ngethebula ngokuzayo. Vikela futhi ngokwesayensi usebenzise ngokwesayensi izinsiza zomhlaba ezivamile, sekuyicebo likazwelonke elibizelwe ngabantu abaningi abanezinhloso eziphakeme eminyakeni yamuva ukuvikela izinsiza eziyigugu zomhlaba ukuba zithengiswe ngaphandle futhi zithunyelwa emazweni asentshonalanga. Ngo-1992, uDeng Xiaoping waveza isimo se-China njengezwe elisebuhleni emhlabeni.
Uhlu Lokusetshenziswa Komhlaba Ongavamile 17
I-1 LANthanum isetshenziswa ezintweni zokwakha i-alloy namafilimu ezolimo
I-CERUIM isetshenziswa kabanzi ngengilazi yemoto
I-3 PraseOdDODYMIUM isetshenziswa kabanzi kunemibala ye-ceramic
I-Neodymium isetshenziswa kabanzi ezintweni zosizo ze-aerospace
Ama-5 amasimbali anikeza amandla asizayo ama-satellite
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-6 Samarium ku-Atomic Energy Reactor
I-7 Europium Production Lens kanye nokuboniswa kwe-Crystal
IGadinium 8 yezokwelapha i-magnetic resonance imaging
I-9 Terbium isetshenziswa ku-Arlulator ye-Wing Wing
I-Erbium eyi-10 isetshenziswa ku-Laser RangeFinder ezindabeni zamasosha
I-11 dysprosium isetshenziswa njengomthombo wokukhanyisa wefilimu nokuphrinta
IHalmium isetshenziselwa ukwenza amadivayisi wokuxhumana abonakalayo
13 I-Thulium isetshenziselwa ukuxilongwa komtholampilo nokwelashwa kwama-tumors
14 yterterbium isengezo se-computer memory element
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-15 lutetium kubuchwepheshe bebhethri lendla lamandla
I-ytttrium yenza izintambo nezinhlaka zendiza ezindizayo
I-Scandium ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-alloys
Imininingwane imi ngalendlela elandelayo:
1
ILanthanum (LA)
Empini ye-Gulf, idivaysi yombono wobusuku onama-rare Earth Element Lanthanum yaba ngumthombo omkhulu wamathangi ase-US.I-IMOTOPION EZWEBONELELA LANTHAnum Chloride Powder(Imephu yedatha)
ILanthanum isetshenziswa kabanzi ezintweni zePiezoelectric, izinto ze-elermothertsmal, izinto zokwenziwa kwama-thermoelectric, izinto zokwakha ama-luminescent, izinto ezibonakalayo ze-alloy, ama-allc.lanthanum, ososayensi baphinde basebenzise i-lanthanum "super I-calcium "yomphumela wayo ezitshalweni.
2
I-CERCIUM (CE)
I-CERCIUM ingasetshenziswa njenge-catalyst, i-electrode ye-arc kanye ne-glass.cerium alloy ekhethekile imelana nokushisa okuphezulu futhi ingasetshenziswa ukwenza izingxenye ze-jet propulsion(Imephu yedatha)
. Ngo-1996, okungenani amathani angama-2000 aseCheria asetshenziswa eglanjeni yezimoto, kwangaphezu kwamathani ayi-1000 e-United States.
(2) Njengamanje, i-cersium isetshenziswa ku-catalyst ye-aushofie ofmobile yokuhlanza, engavimba ngempumelelo inani elikhulu legesi yemoto yokuphelelwa yimoto ekukhishweni emoyeni. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-cerium e-United States kubiza ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yokusetshenziswa okuphelele komhlaba ongavamile.
. Ingasetshenziswa ukufaka imibala yepulasitiki, ukumboza, uyinki kanye namaphepha izimboni.at, inkampani ehamba phambili yiFrench Rhone Plank.
(4) CE: Uhlelo lweLisaf Laser luyi-laser eqinile yombuso ethuthukiswe yi-United States. Ingasetshenziswa ukuthola izikhali zemvelo kanye nomuthi ngokuqapha i-tryptophan grontage.cerium isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi. Cishe konke ukuvela komhlaba okungavamile kuqukethe i-certium.such njenge-polishing powder, izinto zokugcina i-hyrrogen, ama-ceramic we-ceraly, ama-capacics we-ceramic, ama-capacics we-cermoly, ama-catalysts we-cermoly, ama-alloy ahlukahlukene nezinsimbi ezihlukile ze-alloy kanye nezinsimbi ezingezona ze-alloy.
3
I-PraceOdDODIUM (PR)
PrayeOdymium Neyoymium Alloy
(1) I-PraceOdDODYMIUM isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakheni ama-ceramics kanye nama-ceramics asetshenziswa nsuku zonke. Ingahlanganiswa ne-cheramic glaze ukwenza umbala we-glaze, futhi futhi ungasetshenziswa njengombala we-undergales. I-pigment ikhanye eliphuzi ngombala omsulwa futhi omuhle.
(2) Kusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ama-magren waphakade.
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Needymium (ND)
Kungani ithangi le-M1 lingatholakala kuqala? Ithangi lifakwe i-ND: i-Yag Laser RangeFinder, engafinyelela uhla lwamamitha acishe abe ngu-4000 ngokucacile kwasemini(Imephu yedatha)
Ngokuzalwa kwePrafeDodymium, uNeodymium waba khona. Ukufika kweNeodyimu kusebenze i-Rare Earth Field, badlale indima ebalulekile ensimini yaseMhlabeni eyiRare, futhi bathonya imakethe yomhlaba engavamile.
I-Needymium isibe yindawo eshisayo emakethe iminyaka eminingi ngenxa yesikhundla sayo esiyingqayizivele emkhakheni wabantu abangafani. Umsebenzisi omkhulu kakhulu we-Neodymium Metal yi-NDFEB unomphela wezinto zozibuthe. Ukuqala kwe-NDFEB Magnets unomphela kufakwe ubuhlakani obusha bube yinkambu ye-Rare Emhlabeni Ephakeme. I-NDFEB uzibuthe ibizwa ngokuthi "inkosi yama-magnets anaphakade" ngenxa yomkhiqizo wayo ophakeme wamandla kazibuthe.Kusetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-elekthronikhi, imishini kanye nezinye izimboni ngokusebenza kwayo okuhle. Ukuthuthukiswa okuphumelelayo kwe-Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer kukhombisa ukuthi izakhiwo zikazibuthe ze-NDFEB Magnets eChina zingene ezingeni elisezingeni lomhlaba. I-Neodymium nayo isetshenziswa ezintweni ezingezona ze-Ferrous. Ukungeza i-1.5-2,5% neodymium ku-Magnesium noma i-Aluminium Alloy kungathuthukisa ukusebenza okuphezulu okuphezulu, ukuqina komoya nokuphikiswa kokugqwala kwe-alloy.ifutho esetshenziswa njengezinto zokulungiswa kwe-aerospace. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-neodymium-doped ytttrium aluminium garonet ikhiqiza ugongolo lwe-waser olufushane lwe-waser, olusetshenziswa kabanzi ekushiseni nasekunciphiseni izinto ezincanyana ezinobukhulu ngaphansi kwe-10mm embonini. Kwezokwelapha, ND: I-Yag Laser isetshenziselwa ukususa ukuhlinzwa noma amagciwane amanxeba esikhundleni se-scalpel. I-Needmium nayo isetshenziselwa imibala yezinto zokwenza imibala kanye nezinto zokwakha i-ceramic kanye nesengezo semikhiqizo yenjoloba.
5
I-Trollium (PM)
I-Thulium iyinto yokufakelwa ye-radioactive ekhiqizwa reactors yenuzi (imephu yedatha)
(1) ingasetshenziswa njengomthombo wokushisa. Nikeza amandla asizayo wokutholwa kwe-vacuum kanye ne-satellite yokufakelwa.
(2) I-PM147 ikhipha ama-β-imisebe ephansi, engasetshenziswa ukwenza amabhethri we-cymbal. Njengokuhlinzekwa kwamandla okuqondisa amathuluzi okuqondisa namawashi. Lolu hlobo lwebhethri luncane ngosayizi futhi lungasetshenziswa ngokuqhubekayo iminyaka eminingana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Promethium nayo isetshenziswa kuthuluzi le-x- ray ephathekayo, ukulungiswa kwe-phosphor, isilinganiso sokuqina nesibani se-beacon.
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ISamarium (SM)
I-Metal Sadarium (Imephu Yedatha)
I-SM iyiphuzi elikhanyayo, futhi kungukuqukethwe okuluhlaza kweSM-CO MAGERENT MANET, futhi iSM-CO MANCET inguMagnet Omhlaba wonke osetshenziswa embonini. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-magnats ahlala njalo: uhlelo lwe-SMCO5 kanye nohlelo lwe-SM2CO17. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1970, kwasungulwa uhlelo lwe-SMCO5, kwasungulwa uhlelo lweSM2CO17 esikhathini esizayo. Manje ukufunwa kwalesi samuva kunikezwa kuqala. Ubumsulwa beSamarium Oxide esetshenziswe ku-Samarium Cobalt Magnet akudingeki bakhulu kakhulu. Ukucabanga ngezindleko, ikakhulukazi usebenzisa ama-95% wemikhiqizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iSamarium oxide nayo isetshenziswa kuma-capacitors we-ceramic nama-catalysts. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iSamarium inezinto zezakhiwo zenuzi, ezingasetshenziswa njengezinto zokwakha, izinto zokuvikela nezinto zokulawula zama-atomic amandla reactors, ukuze amandla amakhulu akhiqizwe ngokuphepha.
7
I-Europuum (EU)
I-Europuum Oxide Powder (Imephu Yedatha)
I-Europuum Oxide isetshenziselwa kakhulu phosphors (Imephu yedatha)
Ngo-1901, u-Eugene-Antoledemarcay uthole into entsha evela ku- "Samarium", o-Europuum. Lokhu kungenzeka kwaqanjwa ngegama elithi ngemuva kweZwi Europe. I-Europuum Oxide isetshenziselwa kakhulu impuphu ye-fluorescent. I-EU3 + isetshenziswa njenge-activator ye-phosphor ebomvu, futhi i-EU2 + isetshenziswa njenge-phospor eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Manje i-Y2O2S: I-EU3 + yi-phosphor enhle kakhulu ekusebenzeni okukhanyayo, ukuqina kanye nokuphinda usebenzise izindleko. I-Europuum Oxide ibuye isetshenziswe njenge-phosphor evuselelekile yokuxoshwa kwe-x-ray diagnosis yodokotela entsha eminyakeni yamuva. I-Europuum Oxide nayo ingahle isetshenziselwe ukukhiqiza ama-lens anemibala nezihlungi ze-optical, zamadivayisi okugcina ama-bubble, kungakhombisa namakhono alo ezintweni zokulawula, izinto zokuvikela zezakhiwo zama-atomic reactors.
8
Gadilinium (GD)
IGadinium nama-isotopes ayo abathinta kakhulu be-neutron futhi bangasetshenziswa njengama-inhibitors ama-reactors enuzi. (Imephu yedatha)
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(2) I-sulphuro oxide yayo ingasetshenziswa njengegridi ye-matrix ye-Oscilloscope Tube kanye nesikrini se-X-ray ngokukhanya okukhethekile.
(3) IGadinium eGadinium Gallium Garnet iyinhlangano eyodwa efanelekile yememori ye-bubble.
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(5) Kusetshenziswa njenge-inhibitor ukulawula izinga lokuphendula le-chain of Power Pers ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokuphendula kwenyukliya.
(6) Kusetshenziswa njengezengezo zeSamarium Cobalt Magnet ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusebenza akuguquki ngamazinga okushisa.
9
I-Terbium (TB)
I-Terbium Oxide Powder (Imephu Yedatha)
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-terbium ikakhulukazi kubandakanya inkambu ephezulu yezobuchwepheshe, okuyiprojekthi yokusika enobuchwepheshe obunamandla nobunolwazi, kanye nephrojekthi enezinzuzo ezimangazayo zezomnotho, ngamathemba akhona okuthuthuka.
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(2) izinto zokugcina ze-magneto-optical. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izinto ze-Terbium Magneto-Optical zifinyelele esikalini sokukhiqizwa kwabantu abaningi. Ama-Magneto-optical disc enziwe ngamafilimu we-TB-FE Amorphous asetshenziswa njengezinto zokugcina amakhompyutha, futhi umthamo wesitoreji ukhuphuke ngezikhathi eziyi-10 ~ 15.
. Ikakhulu, ukuthuthukiswa kweTerfenol kuvule uhlelo olusha lweTerfenol, okuyinto entsha etholwe ngo-1970s. Ingxenye yalolu alloy liqukethe i-terbium ne-dysprosium, kwesinye isikhathi ngeHolmium kanti ezinye ziyinsimbi.I-alloy yaqala ukwakhiwa yilebhu ye-AMES e-IOWA, e-USA. Lapho i-terfenol ibekwa emandleni kazibuthe, usayizi wayo ushintsha ngaphezu kwaleyo yezinto ezibucayi ezijwayelekile, ezingenza ukunyakaza okuqondile kwemishini kungenzeka. I-Terbium Dysprosium Iron isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi e-Sonar ekuqaleni, futhi isetshenziswe kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi njengamanje.
10
Dy (dy)
I-Metal Dysprosium (Imephu Yedatha)
. Esikhathini esedlule, isidingo se-dysprosium besingesikhulu, kepha ngesidingo esandayo se-NDFEB Magnet, kwaba yinto edingekayo yokwengeza, futhi ibanga kumele libe cishe yi-95 ~ 99.9%, futhi isidingo sikhuphuke ngokushesha.
(2) I-dysprosium isetshenziswa njengesishoshovu se-phosphor. I-Trivallent dysprosium iyi-ion ethembisayo evumayo ye-ion ye-tricolor luminescent impahla enesikhungo esisodwa se-luminescent. Kuqukethe ikakhulukazi ama-emussion band amabili aphumayo, okukodwa kungukuphuma okukhanyayo okuphuzi, enye i-Blue Light Emission. Izinto ze-luminescent ezifakwe nge-dysprosium zingasetshenziswa njenge-tricolor phospors.
. (4) I-Dysprosium Metal ingasetshenziswa njengezinto zokugcina ze-magneto-optical ngesivinini esiphezulu sokuqopha nokuzwela kokufunda.
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(7) I-Dy3AL5o12 nayo ingasetshenziswa njengento esebenza kazibuthe yokuqapha kazibuthe. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, amasimu wohlelo lokusebenza lwe-dysprosium azothuthukiswa ngokuqhubekayo futhi anwetshwe.
11
I-Holmium (Ho)
I-Ho-FE Aloy (Imephu Yedatha)
Njengamanje, inkambu yesicelo ye-Iron idinga ukuthuthukiswa, futhi ukusetshenziswa akukukhulu kakhulu. Muva nje, Isikhungo Sokucwaninga Emhlabeni weBarest semukele izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kanye nobuchwepheshe obuphezulu bokuhlanza okuhlanzayo, futhi bathuthukisa i-qwale metal qin qin ho /> Re> 99.9% enokuqukethwe okuphansi koMhlaba.
Njengamanje, ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kokhiye yile:
. Njengamanje, i-Iodides yaseMhlabeni eyiRare isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi, ekhipha imigqa ehlukene yokubuka lapho i-gesi ikhipha. Into esebenzayo esetshenziswe ku-Iron Lamp yi-Qinodide, ukugxilwa okuphezulu kwama-athomu wensimbi kungatholakala endaweni ye-ARC, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwemisebe.
(2) I-Iron ingasetshenziswa njengesengezo sokurekhoda i-iron noma ama-billion aluminium garnet
. Ngakho-ke, lapho usebenzisa i-HO: Yag Laser yokusebenza kwezokwelapha, akunakuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle ukusebenza kanye nokunemba kuphela, kepha futhi kunciphisa indawo yokulimala okushisayo ibe ngosayizi omncane. Ugongolo lwamahhala olukhiqizwe yi-Lock Crystal lungasusa amafutha ngaphandle kokukhiqiza ukushisa ngokweqile, ukuze kuncishiswe ukulimala kwe-glaucoma e-United States kunganciphisa izinhlungu ze-Izwen, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuthuthukisa kanye nokukhiqiza lolu hlobo lwe-Laser Crystal.
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I-Erbium (ER)
I-Erbium Oxide Powder (Ishadi Lolwazi)
. Ngemuva kokujabula ngo-980NM no-148NM KANDLE, i-Bait Ion (ER3 +) ihamba kusuka esigabeni se-4115) esifundazweni esiphakeme se-4i13 / 2 I-Quartz fiber ingadlulisela ukukhanya kwama-wavelength ahlukene, noma kunjalo, inani le-attical attenciation le-1550nm band lisezingeni eliphansi kakhulu (i-aptical fiber Ukuxhumana okuphansi lapho kusetshenziswa khona i-matrix efanelekile lapho kusetshenziswa khona i-matrix efanelekile, i-amplifier inganxephezela ukulahleka Ohlelweni lokuxhumana ngokwesimiso se-laser, ngakho-ke, kunethiwekhi yezokuxhumana ngocingo okudinga ukukhulisa isibonakaliso se-1550nm optical, i-bait doped fiber amplifier iyithuluzi elibalulekile le-optical. Njengamanje, i-bait doped silica fiber amplifier iye yathengiswa.Ibikwa ukuthi ukuze kugwenywe ukumuncwa kwezempi okungenamsebenzi, ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kumakhulu okuxhumana kwamakhulu okuxhumana namakhulu wokuxhumana ngefilimu kuzovula izinkambu zohlelo ezintsha.
. Kwenziwe yaba yi-Laser RangeFinder ephathekayo ephephile emehlweni abantu ekusetshenzisweni kwezempi.
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(4) I-ER3 + nayo ingasetjenziswa njenge-ion esebenzayo e-rare emhlabeni
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Thulium (TM)
Ngemuva kokuhlelwa nge-reactor yenuzi, i-thulium ikhiqiza isopopo angakhipha i-x-ray, engasetshenziswa njengomthombo we-x-ray ophathekayo(Imephu yedatha)
(1)TM isetshenziswa njengomthombo we-ray we-x-ray ephathekayo. Ngemuva kokuhlelwa ngempendulo yenuzi,TMKhiqiza uhlobo lwe-isotope engakhipha i-x-ray, engasetshenziswa ukwenza i-irradiator yegazi ephathekayo. Lolu hlobo lwe-radiometer lungashintsha i-YU-169TM-170 ngaphansi kwesenzo sogongolo oluphakeme noluphakathi nendawo, futhi u-CASTIate X-ray ukuze uqonde ngegazi futhi wehlise amaseli egazi amhlophe. Yilawa maseli egazi amhlophe adala ukwenqatshwa kokufakelwa kwesitho, ukuze anciphise ukwenqatshwa kwezitho zakudala.
(2) (2)TMIngasetshenziswa futhi ekutholeni ukuxilongwa komtholampilo kanye nokwelashwa kwesimila ngenxa yobudlelwano bayo obuphakeme bezicubu ze-tummus, umhlaba osindayo ongenakuqhathaniswa kuyahambisana kakhulu nomhlaba ongavamile, ikakhulukazi ubudlelwano be-yu bukhulu.
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(4) (4) I-Metal Halide Lamp ingasetshenziswa njengezengezo emthonjeni omusha wokukhanya.
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I-YTTERBIM (YB)
I-YTTERBIM Metal (Imephu Yedatha)
(1) Njenge-Thermal Shielding Coang ecting
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(3) Isibuko se-Mirror sisetshenziselwa ukulinganiswa kwengcindezelo. Ukuhlolwa kukhombisa ukuthi ukuzwela kwento yesibuko kuphezulu ebangeni lokufuya elilinganiselwe, elivula indlela entsha yokusetshenziswa kwesibuko ekulinganiseni kwengcindezi.
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. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isibuko sisetshenziselwa i-fluorescent powder activator, umsakazo ceramics, i-elektroniki ye-computer yememori (i-magnetic bubble) isengezo, ingilazi fiber flux kanye ne-optical flux nesengezo sengilazi ye-optical, njll.
15
I-Lutetium (Lu)
I-Lutetium Oxide Powder (Imephu Yedatha)
I-ytttrium lutetium busical crystal (imephu yedatha)
(1) Yenza ama-alloys akhethekile. Isibonelo, iLutetium aluminium alloy ingasetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya kwe-neutron activation.
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(3) Ukungezwa kwe-ytttrium iron noma i-ytttrium aluminium garnet kungathuthukisa ezinye izakhiwo.
(4) Izinto ezivumayo ze-magnetic bubble reservoir.
. Ukuhlolwa kukhombisa ukuthi i-Lutetium-doped Nyab Crystal iphakeme kune-Nyab Crystal ekuhlolweni kwe-Optical nokusebenza kwe-laser.
(6) Kutholakale ukuthi i-Lutetium inezicelo ezingaba khona ku-Electrochromic Display kanye ne-semiconductor enezici eziphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Lutetium nayo isetshenziswa kubuchwepheshe bebhethri le-Energy ne-activator ye-phosphor.
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Ytttrium (y)
I-YTTRIUM isetshenziswa kabanzi, i-ytttrium aluminium garnet ingasetshenziswa njengezinto ze-laser, i-ytttrium iron garnet isetshenziselwa ukudluliselwa kwe-auropuium, kanye ne-europuium-doped yttrium oxide kanye ne-europuium (Imephu yedatha)
(1) Izithasiselo zensimbi nakwezinsimbi ezingezona ezingezinhle. I-Fecr Alloy imvamisa iqukethe i-0.5-4% ytttrium, engathuthukisa ukumelana nokuphikisana nokuphikisana nokukhohlisa kwalezi zinsimbi ezingenacala; Izakhiwo eziphelele ze-MB26 Alloy kusobala ukuthi zithuthukiswa ngokungeza inani elifanele lomhlaba elibunjiwe le-ytttrium-rice elihlanganisiwe lomhlaba, elingase lisebenzise ama-aluminium anamandla aphakathi futhi asetshenziswe ezingxenyeni ezicindezelekile zendiza. Ukungeza inani elincane le-ytttrium-rich elicebile elicebile emhlabeni e-Al-Zr Alloy, ukuvumelanisa kwalolo-alloy kungathuthuka; I-alloy yamukelwe amafektri amaningi we-wire eChina. Ukungeza i-YTtrium ku-Aloy yethusi kuthuthukisa amandla okuqhutshwa namandla okusebenza.
(2) I-Silicon nitride ceramic impahla equkethe ama-6% yttrium kanye ne-2% aluminium ingasetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa izingxenye zenjini.
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. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-yttrium nayo isetshenziswa njengento yokufafaza okushisa okuphezulu, i-dilomic reacting reacting fuel, isengezo sezinto zokwenziwa zaphakade, kanye ne-Getter embonini ye-elekthronikhi.
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IScandium (SC)
I-Metal Scandium (Imephu yedatha)
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto ze-YTTRIUM neLanthanide, iScandium ine-Ionic Radius ikakhulukazi ne-alkalinity ebuthakathaka kakhulu ye-hydroxide. Ngakho-ke, lapho izinto zomhlaba zeScandium nezingavamile zixutshwe ndawonye, i-Scandium izokwengeza kuqala lapho iphathwa nge-ammonia (noma ama-alkali e-tallali), ngakho-ke ingahlukaniswa kalula ngezinto zomhlaba ezingandile ngendlela "yemvula engcuphene". Enye indlela ukusebenzisa ukuwohloka kombala we-nitrate ye-nitrate for ukwehlukanisa.scandium nitrate kulula kakhulu ukubola, ngaleyo ndlela kufezekisa inhloso yokwahlukana.
I-SC ingatholwa nge-electrolysis. I-SCCL3, i-KCL ne-LICL ibilisiwe ngesikhathi sokucwengwa kweScandium, futhi i-zinten zinc isetshenziswa njenge-cathode ye-electrorlysis, ukuze i-scandium ihlelwe ku-zinc electrode, bese i-zinc ihanjiswa ukuze ithole iScandium. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iScandium itholakala kalula lapho icubungula i-Ore ukukhiqiza izinto ze-Uranium, i-torium kanye ne-lanthanide. Ukuvuselelwa okuphelele kweScandium ehlobene noTungsten kanye noTin Ore nakho kungenye yemithombo ebalulekile yeScandium.Scandium yi-ME-Ainly esimweni se-Trivallent ku-Compound, efakwe kalula kwi-SC2O3 emoyeni futhi ilahlekelwe yi-luster yensimbi yayo futhi iphenduka ibe mpunga emnyama.
Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kweScandium yile:
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. I-Scandium Chloride yi-crystal emhlophe, incibilika emanzini kanye ne-deliquescent emoyeni. (3) Embonini ye-metallurgical, iScandium ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-alloys (izengezo ze-alloys) ukuthuthukisa amandla, ukuqina, ukumelana nokushisa nokusebenza kwama-alloys. Isibonelo, engeza inani elincane leScandium ku-Iron ebilisiwe kungathuthukisa kakhulu izakhiwo zensimbi, ngenkathi ungeza inani elincane leScandium ku-aluminium kungathuthukisa amandla alo nokuphikiswa kokushisa.
(4) Embonini ye-elekthronikhi, iScandium ingasetshenziswa njengamadivayisi ahlukahlukene we-semiconductor. Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kweScandium Sulfite kuma-Semiconductors adonsele ukunakwa ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, futhi i-Ferrite equkethe iScandium nayo iyathembisaikhompyutha yamandla kazibuthe.
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(6) Embonini yengilazi, izingilazi ezikhethekile eziqukethe i-Scandium zingenziwa.
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(8) I-Scandium ikhona ngesimo se-45sc ngokwemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunama-isotopece ayisishiyagalolunye we-Scandium, okungukuthi 40 ~ 44sc no-46 ~ 49sc. Phakathi kwazo, 46SC, njenge-tracer, isetshenzisiwe embonini yamakhemikhali, metallurgy kanye no-Ocealegraphy. Kwezokwelapha, kunabantu phesheya abatadisha besebenzisa i-46sc yokwelapha umdlavuza.
Isikhathi sePosi: Jul-04-2022