Ukukhanyaumhlaba ongavamilefuthi esindayoumhlaba ongavamile
·Ukukhanyaumhlaba ongavamile
·I-Lanthanum, i-cerium, i-praseodymium,i-neodymium, i-promethium,samarium, europium, i-gadolinium.
·Kunzimaumhlaba ongavamile
·I-Terbium,i-dysprosium,i-holmium, i-erbium,thulium,ytterbium, i-lutetium, scandium, futhii-yttrium.
·Ngokwezimpawu zamaminerali, ingahlukaniswa ibei-ceriumiqembu kanyei-yttriumiqembu
·I-Ceriumiqembu (lightumhlaba ongavamile)
·I-Lanthanum,i-cerium,i-praseodymium,i-neodymium, i-promethium,samarium,europium.
·Iqembu le-Yttrium (umhlaba ongavamile osindayo)
·I-Gadolinium, i-terbium,i-dysprosium,i-holmium,i-erbium,thulium,ytterbium,i-lutetium,scandium, futhii-yttrium.
Okuvamileumhlaba ongavamileizakhi
·Okuvamileimihlaba engavamilezihlukaniswe zibe: monazite, bastnaesite,i-yttriumi-phosphate, i-leaching type ore, ne-lanthanum vanadium limonite.
Monazite
I-Monazite, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-phosphocerium lanthanide ore, ivela ku-granite ne-granite pegmatite;Itshe elingavamile lensimbi ye-carbonate;Ku-quartzite ne-quartzite;E-Yunxia syenite, feldspar aegirite, ne-alkaline syenite pegmatite;Imithambo ye-Alpine;Ku-rock exutshwe ne-weathered crust kanye ne-sand ore.Ngenxa yokuthi insiza eyinhloko ye-monazite enenani lezimayini zezomnotho i-alluvial noma idiphozi yesihlabathi sasogwini, isatshalaliswa kakhulu ogwini lwase-Australia, Brazil, naseNdiya.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Sri Lanka, i-Madagascar, iNingizimu Afrika, i-Malaysia, i-China, i-Thailand, i-South Korea, i-North Korea nezinye izindawo zonke ziqukethe i-placer deposits enzima ye-monazite, esetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukukhipha izakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukukhiqizwa kwe-monazite kubonise ukwehla, ikakhulukazi ngenxa ye-radioactive thorium element e-ore yayo, eyingozi emvelweni.
Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye nezakhiwo: (Ce, La, Y, Th) [PO4].Ukwakheka kuyehluka kakhulu.Okuqukethwe kweama-oxide omhlaba angavamileekubunjweni kwamaminerali kungafinyelela ku-50-68%.Izingxube ze-isomorphic zihlanganisa u-Y, Th, Ca, [SiO4], kanye ne-[SO4].
I-Monazite iyancibilika ku-H3PO4, HClO4, kanye ne-H2SO4.
·Isakhiwo se-Crystal kanye ne-morphology: i-monoclinic crystal system, uhlobo lwekristalu lwe-rhombic columnar.Ikristalu yakha umumo ofana nepuleti, futhi ubuso bekristalu buvame ukuba nemithende noma ikholomu, i-conical, noma i-granular shapes.
·Izinto ezibonakalayo: Inombala ophuzi onsundu, onsundu, obomvu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi inombala oluhlaza okotshani.Okukhanya kancane kuya kokusobala.Imivimbo imhlophe noma ibomvu ngokukhanyayo.Inengilazi ecwebezelayo.Ukuqina 5.0-5.5.I-embrittlement.Amandla adonsela phansi athile asukela ku-4.9 kuye ku-5.5.Izakhiwo zikagesi ezibuthaka ngokulingene.Ikhipha ukukhanya okuluhlaza ngaphansi kwama-X ray.Ayikhiphi ukukhanya ngaphansi kwemisebe ye-cathode.
I-Yttriumi-phosphate ore
·Phosphorusi-yttriumi-ore ikhiqizwa ikakhulukazi ku-granite, i-granite pegmatite, futhi naku-alkaline granite kanye namadiphozi amaminerali ahlobene.Ikhiqizwa futhi kuma-placers.Ukusetshenziswa: Kusetshenziswa njengeminerali eluhlaza ukuze kukhishweumhlaba ongavamileizakhi lapho zinothiswe ngobuningi.
·Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye nezakhiwo: Y [PO4].Ukwakheka kuquketheY2O361.4% kanye ne-P2O5 38.6%.Kukhona ingxube yei-yttriumiqembuumhlaba ongavamileizakhi, ikakhulukaziytterbium, i-erbium, i-dysprosium, futhii-gadolinium.Izinto ezifanai-zirconium, i-uranium, kanye ne-thorium zisathatha indawoi-yttrium, ngenkathii-siliconfuthi ithatha indawo ye-phosphorus.Ngokuvamile, okuqukethwe kwe-uranium ku-phosphorusi-yttriumi-ore inkulu kune-thorium.Izici zamakhemikhali zei-yttriumi-phosphate ore izinzile.Isakhiwo sekristalu kanye ne-morphology: uhlelo lwekristalu ye-tetragonal, uhlobo lwekristalu oluyinkimbinkimbi ye-tetragonal biconical, ngefomu le-granular ne-block.
Izakhiwo zomzimba: ophuzi, obomvu obomvu, ngezinye izikhathi oluhlaza ophuzi, futhi onsundu noma onsundu ngokukhanyayo.Imigqa insundu ngokukhanyayo ngombala.I-Glass luster, i-grease luster.Ukuqina 4-5, amandla adonsela phansi athize 4.4-5.1, ane-polychromism ebuthakathaka kanye ne-radioactivity.
I-Lanthanum vanadium epidote
Ithimba elihlanganyelwe labacwaningi abavela eNyuvesi yase-Yamaguchi, iNyuvesi yase-Ehime, kanye neNyuvesi yaseTokyo e-Japan likhiphe umbiko othi bathole uhlobo olusha lwamaminerali aqukethe umhlaba ongavamile esiFundeni saseSanchong.Umhlaba ongavamileizici zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuguquleni izimboni zendabuko kanye nokuthuthukisa izinkambu zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu.I-mineral entsha yatholwa ezintabeni zase-Ise City, eSifundeni saseSanchong ngo-April 2011, futhi iwuhlobo olukhethekile lwe-epidote ensundu equkethe.umhlaba ongavamile i-lanthanumkanye ne-vanadium yensimbi engavamile.Ngomhla lu-1 kuNdasa wezi-2013, le minerali yaqashelwa njengemaminerali entsha yi-International Association of Mineralogy futhi yaqanjwa ngokuthi “lanthanum vanadium limonite”.
Izici zeumhlaba ongavamileamaminerali kanye ne-ore morphology
Izici ezijwayelekile zeumhlaba ongavamileamaminerali
I-1, Ukuntuleka kwama-sulfide nama-sulfate (abanye abambalwa kuphela) kubonisa ukuthi izakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile zinokuhambisana komoya-mpilo.
2,Umhlaba ongavamileama-silicates ikakhulukazi afana nesiqhingi, ngaphandle kwezingqimba, uhlaka olufana, noma izakhiwo ezifana neketango;
3, Abanyeumhlaba ongavamileamaminerali (ikakhulukazi ama-oxides ayinkimbinkimbi nama-silicates) abonisa izimo ze-amorphous;
4. Ukusatshalaliswa kweumhlaba ongavamileamaminerali ikakhulukazi akhiwe ngama-silicates nama-oxides emadwaleni amakhulu nama-pegmatites, kuyilapho ama-fluorocarbonates nama-phosphates etholakala ikakhulukazi kuma-hydrothermal kanye ne-weathered crust deposits;Iningi lamaminerali acebile ku-yttrium akhona ku-granite njengamadwala nama-pegmatites ahlobene, ama-hydrothermal deposits akhiwe ngegesi, kanye nama-hydrothermal deposits;
5,Umhlaba ongavamileizakhi zivame ukuhlalisana kumaminerali afanayo ngenxa yesakhiwo sazo se-athomu esifanayo, izakhiwo zamakhemikhali nekristalu.Leyo,i-ceriumfuthii-yttrium umhlaba ongavamileizakhi zivame ukuhlalisana kumaminerali afanayo, kodwa lezi zakhi azihlali ngobuningi obulinganayo.Amanye amaminerali akhiwe ikakhulukazii-cerium umhlaba ongavamileizakhi, kuyilapho ezinye zakhiwe ngokuyinhlokoi-yttrium.
Isimo sokwenzeka kweumhlaba ongavamileizakhi kumaminerali
Emvelweni,umhlaba ongavamileizakhi zicebile kakhulu ku-granite, amadwala e-alkaline, amadwala e-alkaline ultrabasic, kanye namadiphozi amaminerali ahlobene.Kunezimo ezintathu eziyinhloko zokuvela kweumhlaba ongavamileizakhi kumaminerali ngokusho kokuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali e-mineral crystal.
(1)Umhlaba ongavamileizakhi zibamba iqhaza ku-lattice yamaminerali futhi zakha ingxenye ebalulekile yamaminerali.Lolu hlobo lwamaminerali luvame ukubizwa ngokuthi amaminerali angavamile emhlabeni.I-Monazite (REPO4) ne-bastnaesite ([La, Ce] FCO3) zonke zingaphansi kwalesi sigaba.
(2)Umhlaba ongavamileizakhi zihlakazeka kumaminerali ngendlela ye-isomorphic esikhundleni sezakhi ezifana ne-Ca, Sr, Ba, Mn, Zr, njll. Lolu hlobo lwamaminerali luningi ngokwemvelo, kodwaumhlaba ongavamileokuqukethwe kumaminerali amaningi kuphansi.qukathaUmhlaba ongavamilei-fluorite ne-apatite zingaphansi kwalesi sigaba.
(3)Umhlaba ongavamileama-elementi akhona endaweni noma phakathi kwezinhlayiya zamaminerali athile esimweni somkhangiso we-ionic.Lolu hlobo lwamaminerali luyingxenye ye-weathering crust leaching type mineral, futhi ama-ion angavamile emhlabeni akhanyiswa lapho amaminerali kanye netshe elingumzali leminerali ngaphambi kwesimo sezulu.
Mayelana.Okuqukethwe okumaphakathi kweumhlaba ongavamileizakhi ku-crust yi-165.35 × 10-6 (Li Tong, 1976).Emvelweni,umhlaba ongavamileizakhi ikakhulu akhona ngesimo amaminerali olulodwa, futhiumhlaba ongavamileamaminerali kanye namaminerali aquketheumhlaba ongavamileizinto eziye zatholwa emhlabeni
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-250 zezinto, kuhlanganisaumhlaba ongavamileokuqukethwe Σ Kunezinhlobo ezingama-50-65 zamaminerali angavamile ane-REE>5.8%, angathathwa njengezizimeleumhlaba ongavamileamaminerali.Okubalulekileumhlaba ongavamileamaminerali ikakhulukazi i-fluorocarbonate ne-phosphate.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-250 zeumhlaba ongavamileamaminerali kanye namaminerali aquketheumhlaba ongavamileizakhi eziye zatholakala, kunamaminerali angaphezu kwe-10 kuphela afanele izimo zensimbi zamanje.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-03-2023