E-Frank Herbert's Space Opera "Dunes", into eyigugu yemvelo ebizwa ngokuthi "inhlanganisela yesinongo" ifaka abantu ngekhono lokuthola indawo yonke enkulu yokusungula impucuko ye-interstellar. Empilweni yangempela emhlabeni, iqembu lezinsimbi zemvelo ezibizwa ngokuthi izinto zomhlaba ezingavamile zenze ubuchwepheshe besimanje bungenze. Isidingo salezi zinto ezibalulekile cishe kuyo yonke imikhiqizo yanamuhla yama-elekthronikhi iyakhuphuka kakhulu.
Imihlaba engavamileHlangana nezinkulungwane zezidingo ezahlukahlukene - ngokwesibonelo, i-cereyuk isetshenziswa njenge-catalyst yokucwilisa uwoyela, ngenkathiigadikiIzicupho nama-neutrons kuma-reactors zenuzi. Kepha ikhono elivelele kakhulu kulezi zinto lilele ekuthambekeni kwalo kanye nozibuthe.
Sincike emhlabathini ongavamile ukubambelela esikrinini sefoni yethu smart phone, sebenzisa i-fluorescence ukukhombisa ubuqiniso bama-euro banknotes, futhi udlulise amasiginali olwandle phansi ngezintambo ze-fiber of optical. Kuyadingeka futhi ekwenziweni kwezinye izinhlangothi ezinamandla kakhulu futhi ezinokwethenjelwa kakhulu emhlabeni. Bakhiqiza amaza azwakalayo kuma-headphones akho, bathuthukise imininingwane yedijithali esikhaleni, bese uguqula i-trajectory yemicibisholo yokusesha okushisayo. Umhlaba ongavamile ugqugquzela ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obuluhlaza, njengamandla omoya nezimoto zikagesi, futhi kungaze kukhiqize nezinto ezintsha ze-quantum computer. UStephen Boyd, usomakhemisi wokwenziwa wamakhemikhali ne-Independent Consultant, uthe, "Lolu hlu alupheli. Bakuyo yonke indawo
Umhlaba ongavamile ubhekisa eLanthanide Lutetium kanye nezinto eziyi-14 phakathi kweLanthanum futhiytttrium, okuvame ukwenzeka kwidiphozithi efanayo futhi kunezindawo zamakhemikhali ezifana neLanthanide. Lezi zimpunga ezinsimbi ezinemibala yesiliva zivame ukuba neplastiki nokuncibilika okuphezulu nokubilisa amaphuzu. Amandla abo emthengeni alele ngama-elektroni abo. Wonke ama-athomu ane-nucleus ezungezwe ama-elektroni, ahlala esifundeni esibizwa ngokuthi umjikelezo. Ama-elektroni e-Orbit Fistost avela ku-nucleus aleclence electron, abamba iqhaza ekuphendukeni kwamakhemikhali futhi akha amabhondi namanye ama-athomu.
Iningi laseLanthanide linelinye iqembu elibalulekile lama-elektroni, abizwa nge- "F-Electrons", ahlala endaweni yegolide eduze kwe-valence electron kodwa eduze kakhulu ne-nucleus. I-Ana de Bettencourt Dias, usokhemisi we-Inorganic e-University of Nevada, uReno, uthe: "Yilawa ama-elektroni amanga
Umhlaba ongavamile uyiqembu lezinto eziyi-17 (eziboniswe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka etafuleni lezikhathi). I-subset yezinto zomhlaba ezingavamile ibizwa ngeLanthanide (Lutetium, Lu, kanye nomugqa obhekwe nguuhlobo linthanum, La). Into ngayinye iqukethe igobolondo, imvamisa equkethe ama-elektroni e-F, okwenza lezi zinto zibe nezinto ezibucayi nezikhanyayo.
Isikhathi sePosi: Jul-05-2023