i-arium, ingxenye 56 yethebula le-periodic.
I-barium hydroxide, i-barium chloride, i-barium sulfate… ama-reagents avame kakhulu ezincwadini zesikole samabanga aphezulu.Ngo-1602, ama-alchemists asentshonalanga bathola itshe le-Bologna (elibizwa nangokuthi "itshe lelanga") elingakhipha ukukhanya.Lolu hlobo lwensimbi lunamakristalu amancane e-luminescent, azokhipha ukukhanya ngokuqhubekayo ngemva kokuchayeka elangeni.Lezi zici zabathakazelisa izangoma nama-alchemists.Ngo-1612, usosayensi uJulio Cesare Lagara washicilela incwadi ethi "De Phenomenis in Orbe Lunae", eyabhala isizathu sokukhanya kwetshe le-Bologna njengoba lisuselwa engxenyeni yalo eyinhloko, i-barite (BaSO4).Kodwa-ke, ngo-2012, imibiko yembula ukuthi isizathu sangempela sokukhanya kwetshe le-Bologna savela ku-barium sulfide ehlanganiswe nama-ion ethusi e-monovalent ne-divalent.Ngo-1774, usokhemisi waseSweden uScheler wathola i-barium oxide futhi wayibiza ngokuthi “iBaryta” (umhlaba osindayo), kodwa i-barium yensimbi ayizange itholakale.Kwaze kwaba ngo-1808 lapho usokhemisi waseBrithani uDavid wathola insimbi ehlanzekile ephansi kusuka ku-barite ngokusebenzisa i-electrolysis, okwakuyi-barium.Kamuva yaqanjwa ngegama lesiGreki elithi barys (elisindayo) kanye nophawu lokuqala elithi Ba.Igama lesiShayina elithi “Ba” livela kusichazamazwi se-Kangxi, okusho insimbi yethusi engancibilikisiwe.
Insimbi ye-bariumiyasebenza kakhulu futhi isabela kalula emoyeni namanzi.Ingasetshenziselwa ukususa ama-trace gases kumashubhu e-vacuum namashubhu ezithombe, kanye nokwenza ama-alloys, iziqhumane neziqhumane zenuzi.Ngo-1938, ososayensi bathola i-barium lapho betadisha imikhiqizo ngemuva kokuqhumisa i-uranium ngama-neutron ahamba kancane, futhi bacabanga ukuthi i-barium kufanele ibe omunye wemikhiqizo ye-uranium nuclear fission.Naphezu kokutholwa okuningi mayelana ne-metallic barium, abantu basasebenzisa ama-barium compounds kaningi.
Inhlanganisela yokuqala eyasetshenziswa kwakuyi-barite - i-barium sulfate.Singayithola ezintweni eziningi ezihlukene, njengemibala emhlophe ephepheni lesithombe, upende, amapulasitiki, okokunamathela ezimotweni, ukhonkolo, usimende ongazwani nemisebe, ukwelashwa, njll. Ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezokwelapha, i-barium sulfate “isidlo se-barium” esiyidlayo. ukudla ngesikhathi se-gastroscopy.I-Barium meal “- impushana emhlophe engenaphunga futhi engenambitheki, engancibiliki emanzini nasemafutheni, futhi engeke imunce ulwelwesi lwamathumbu, futhi ngeke ithintwe yi-asidi yesisu nolunye uketshezi lomzimba.Ngenxa ye-athomu enkulu ye-barium, ingakwazi ukukhiqiza umphumela we-photoelectric nge-X-ray, ikhiphe isici se-X-ray, futhi yakhe inkungu efilimini ngemva kokudlula ezicutshini zomuntu.Ingasetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa umehluko wesibonisi, ukuze izitho noma izicubu ezine-ejenti ehlukile futhi ezingenayo zingabonisa umehluko ohlukile omnyama nokumhlophe kufilimu, ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela wokuhlola, futhi kubonise ngempela izinguquko ze-pathological esithweni somuntu.I-Barium ayiyona into ebalulekile kubantu, futhi i-barium sulfate engasebenzi isetshenziswa ekudleni kwe-barium, ngakho-ke ngeke ibe nomthelela omkhulu emzimbeni womuntu.
Kodwa enye i-barium mineral evamile, i-barium carbonate, ihlukile.Ngegama layo nje, umuntu angawusho umonakalo wayo.Umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwayo ne-barium sulfate ukuthi iyancibilika emanzini ne-asidi, ikhiqiza ama-ion e-barium amaningi, okuholela ku-hypokalemia.Ubuthi obuyingozi be-barium kasawoti abuvamile, ngokuvamile bubangelwa ukungenwa ngephutha kosawoti we-barium oncibilikayo.Izimpawu ziyafana ne-acute gastroenteritis, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuthi uye esibhedlela ukuze uyogezwa esiswini noma uthathe i-sodium sulfate noma i-sodium thiosulfate ukuze ukhiphe ubuthi.Ezinye izitshalo zinomsebenzi wokumunca nokuqongelela i-barium, njenge-algae eluhlaza, edinga ukuthi i-barium ikhule kahle;Amantongomane aseBrazil nawo aqukethe i-barium engu-1%, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuwasebenzisa ngokulinganisela.Noma kunjalo, i-witherite isadlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni amakhemikhali.Kuyingxenye ye-glaze.Uma ihlanganiswe namanye ama-oxides, ingabonisa nombala oyingqayizivele, osetshenziswa njengezinto ezisizayo ezimbotsheni ze-ceramic kanye nengilazi ye-optical.
Ukuhlolwa kwekhemikhali endothermic reaction ngokuvamile kwenziwa nge-barium hydroxide: ngemva kokuxuba i-barium hydroxide eqinile nosawoti we-ammonium, ukusabela okunamandla kwe-endothermic kungenzeka.Uma amaconsi ambalwa amanzi ehliselwa phansi esitsheni, iqhwa elakhiwe ngamanzi lingabonakala, futhi ngisho nezingcezu zengilazi zingaqhwa futhi zinamathele phansi kwesitsha.I-Barium hydroxide ine-alkalinity eqinile futhi isetshenziswa njenge-catalyst yokwenza ama-phenolic resins.Ingakwazi ukuhlukanisa futhi inikeze ama-ion e-sulfate futhi ikhiqize usawoti we-barium.Mayelana nokuhlaziywa, ukuzimisela kokuqukethwe kwe-carbon dioxide emoyeni kanye nokuhlaziywa kobuningi be-chlorophyll kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwe-barium hydroxide.Ekukhiqizeni usawoti we-barium, abantu baye basungula isicelo esithakazelisa kakhulu: ukubuyiselwa kwemidwebo yasezindongeni ngemva kwezikhukhula eFlorence ngo-1966 kwaqedwa ngokusabela nge-gypsum (calcium sulfate) ukukhiqiza i-barium sulfate.
Enye i-barium equkethe izinhlanganisela nayo ibonisa izakhiwo eziphawulekayo, njengezakhiwo ze-photorefractive ze-barium titanate;I-high-temperature superconductivity ye-YBa2Cu3O7, kanye nombala oluhlaza ongabalulekile kasawoti we-barium kwiziqhumane, konke sekube yizinto ezivelele zezinto ze-barium.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-26-2023