1, Ukuchazwa Kwezinto Zokwenziwa Kwenuzi
Ngomqondo obanzi, impahla yenuzi yigama elijwayelekile lezinto zokwakha ezisetshenziswa kuphela embonini yenuzi kanye nocwaningo lwesayensi yenuzi, kufaka phakathi amafutha enuzi kanye nezinto zophethiloli zenuzi.
Okuvame ukubhekiswa ezintweni zenuzi ikakhulukazi zibhekisela ezintweni ezisetshenziswa ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene ze-reactor, ezaziwa nangokuthi izinsiza zokuphendula. Izinto zokwakha i-Reacle zifaka uphethiloli wenuzi othola ukukhululeka kwenuzi ngaphansi kokuqhuma kwe-neutron, izinto zokugcina ama-neutron (omengameli) ezivimba ama-neutrons, nezinto zokubonisa ezivimbela ukuvuza kwe-neutron ngaphandle kwe-reactor.
2, ubudlelwano obuhlobene phakathi kwezinsiza zomhlaba ezingavamile kanye nezinsizakusebenza zenuzi
I-Monazinte, ebizwa nangokuthi i-phosphoceretite ne-phosphocerite, iyimibune evamile yokufaka edwaleni eliphakathi ne-metamorphic rock. I-Monazite ingelinye lamaminerali amakhulu omhlaba ongavamile wensimbi yensimbi yensimbi, futhi futhi ukhona kwelinye idwala ledimentary. UBrownish obomvu, ophuzi, kwesinye isikhathi uphuzi onsundu, nge-luster elinamafutha, u-cleavage ophelele, ubunzima be-mohs buka-5-5,5, kanye namandla athile adonsela phansi angu-4,9-5.5.
Amaminerali asemqoka ohlobo oluthile lwe-China arejitha e-China, ikakhulukazi eGomanee, ikakhulukazi atholakala eGongcheng, Hubei, yueyang, Hunan, Shanghai, Jiangxi, futhi yena County, eGounty, eGuangxi. Kodwa-ke, ukukhishwa kohlobo lwe-Placer Thind Rare Earth Izinsizakusebenza kuvame ukungabi nokubaluleka komnotho. Amatshe edwa ahlala aqukethe izinto ezikhanyayo ze-thorium futhi futhi zingumthombo oyinhloko we-plutonium yezentengiso.
3, Sibutsetelo Sokubukelwa Komhlaba Ongavamile Emhlabeni Enhleleni Nokugcotshwa Kwenuzi Nokufundela Kwenuzi Ngokuya Ekuhlaziyweni Kwe-Patent Panoramic
Ngemuva kwamagama angukhiye we-Rare Earth Search Elements anwetshwa ngokuphelele, ahlanganiswe nezinkinobho zokunwebeka kanye nezinombolo zokuhlukaniswa kwe-Feille Fexion kanye ne-Fuclear fusion kanye ne-fusion yenuzi. Usuku lokusesha lungu-Agasti 24, 2020. Kutholwe amalungelo obunikazi angama-48337 ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa komndeni okulula, futhi amalungelo obunikazi angama-4673 anqunywa ngemuva kokuncishiswa komsindo wokufakelwa.
Izicelo zomhlaba ezingandile emkhakheni we-Fear Feation noma i-Fucless Fusion zisatshalaliswa emazweni / ezifundeni ezingama-56, ikakhulukazi ezisetshenziselwa i-patent, eJapan, i-United States, i-United States, iRussia kanye neRussia ziye zaqhubeka nokuhlelwa kulo mkhakha iminyaka eminingi (i-United States 1).
Umdwebo 1 Umkhuba wokusebenzisa ubunikazi bezobuchwepheshe obuhlobene nohlelo lomhlaba olungavamile ukusetshenziswa kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-nuclear nuclear femission kanye ne-fusion yenuzi emazweni / izifunda
Kungabonakala ekuhlaziyweni kwezindikimba zezobuchwepheshe ukuthi ukusetshenziswa komhlaba okunqabile ku-Fusion yenuzi kanye ne-Fearillators, ama-plasmator, ama-acterisides, ukudonsa kwe-neuclear, izinto ze-neutron kanye nezinye izinkomba zezobuchwepheshe.
4, Izicelo ezithile kanye nocwaningo olubalulekile lwelungelo lobunikazi bezinto zomhlaba ezingandile ezintweni zokwenziwa zenuzi
Phakathi kwazo, ukufuziswa kwenuzi kanye nokusabela kwenuzi zenuzi ezintweni zokwenziwa kwenuzi kukhulu, futhi izidingo zezinto zokwakha ziqinile. Njengamanje, ama-Poser reactors ikakhulukazi ama-reactors e-nyuclear afference, futhi ama-fusion reactors angadukiswa ngezinga elikhulu ngemuva kweminyaka engama-50. Ukusetshenziswa kweUmhlaba ongavamileizakhi zezinto ezihlelekile zesakhiwo; Ezinkameni ezithile zamakhemikhali zenuzi, izinto zomhlaba ezingavamile zisetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ezinduku zokulawula; Ngaphezu kwalokho,ikhentiyamufuthi isetshenziswe emkhakheni weRachiochemistry kanye neNuclear.
(1) Njengoba ubuthi obungapheli noma induku yokulawula ukulungisa i-neutron level kanye nesimo esibucayi sokuphendula kwenuzi
Kumandla aphendulayo, ukusatshalaliswa kwezinsalela kokuqala kwama-cores amasha aphezulu kakhulu. Ikakhulu ezigabeni zokuqala zomjikelezo wokuqala we-refueling, lapho wonke uphethiloli wenuzi emgogodleni musha, ukuvumelanisa okusele kuphakeme kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuncika kuphela ekwandiseni izinduku zokulawula ukunxephezela ukulungiswa kwezinsalela kuzokwethula izinduku zokulawula. Induku ngayinye yokulawula (noma i-Rod Bundle) ifana nokwethulwa kwendlela eyinkimbinkimbi yokushayela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu kwandisa izindleko, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuvala izimbobo ekhanda lengcindezi yengcindezi kungaholela ekunciphiseni amandla amandla enhlaka. Akukhona kuphela ukuthi kuyinto engonalical, kepha futhi akuvunyelwe ukuba nenani elithile le-porolity namandla ahlelekile ekhanda lengcindezi yengcindezi. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kokukhulisa izinduku zokulawula, kuyadingeka ukwandisa ukugcwaliseka kobuthi obunxephezelo kwamakhemikhali (njenge-boric acid) ukunxephezela ekuvuseleleni kabusha. Kulokhu, kulula ukugxila kwe-boron ukwedlula umkhawulo, futhi i-coeffient ephathekayo yomengameli izoba nethemba.
Ukugwema izinkinga ezishiwo ngenhla, inhlanganisela yobuthi obuvuthayo, izinduku zokulawula, kanye nokulawulwa kwesinxephezelo samakhemikhali kungasetshenziselwa ukulawula.
(2) Njenge-dopant ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezinto zohlelo lokusebenza lwe-reactor
Ama-accrouctor adinga izingxenye zesakhiwo kanye nezinto zikaphethiloli ukuze abe nezinga elithile lamandla, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye nokuqina okuphezulu okushisayo, kanti futhi nokuvimbela imikhiqizo yokuvulelwa kusuka ekungeneni okupholile.
1) .Rare Earth Steel
I-Nuclear reactor inezimo ezedlulele zomzimba kanye namakhemikhali, futhi ingxenye ngayinye ye-reactionor nayo inezidingo eziphakeme zensimbi ekhethekile esetshenzisiwe. Izinto zomhlaba ezingavamile zinemiphumela ekhethekile yokuguqulwa kwensimbi, ikakhulukazi kufaka phakathi ukuhlanzwa, i-metamorphism, i-microally, kanye nokwenza ngcono ukumelana kokugqwala. Umhlaba ongavamile oqukethe ama-Steel nawo asetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-reactors enuzi.
Umphumela wokuhlanza Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imihlaba engavamile ingasabela ngezinto eziyingozi njenge-oksijini nesibabule ku-molten insimbi ukukhiqiza ama-compaind ashisa kakhulu. Amakhompiyutha okushisa aphezulu anganqotshwa futhi akhishwe ngesimo se-inclusions ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa kwensimbi ebilisiwe, ngaleyo ndlela anciphise okuqukethwe kokungcola kwinsimbi ebilisiwe.
② I-Metamorphism: Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-oxides, ama-sulfides noma i-oxsulfides okwenziwe ngokusabela komhlaba ongavamile kwinsimbi eyingozi enezinto ezibunjiwe ezinjenge-oxygen kanye ne-pulfur zingagcinwa kancane kwi-allten yensimbi futhi zibe ukufakwa kwensimbi enendawo ephezulu yokuncibilikisa. Lezi zinhlanganisela zingasetshenziswa njengezikhungo ze-heterogeneous ze-nucleavity ngesikhathi sokuqina kwensimbi encibilikisiwe, ngaleyo ndlela zithuthukise ukwakheka nokwakheka kwensimbi.
③ Microrooling: Uma ukwengezwa komhlaba okungavamile kukhuphuke, umhlaba osele ongavamile uzoncishiswa ngensimbi ngemuva kokuhlanzwa okungenhla ne-metamorphism kuqediwe. Njengoba i-atomic radius yomhlaba engavamile inkulu kunaleyo ye-athomu yensimbi, umhlaba ongavamile unomsebenzi ophakeme wendawo. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqina yensimbi encibilikisiwe, izinto zomhlaba ezingavamile zicebiswe emngceleni wokusanhlamvu, ezinganciphisa kangcono ukuhlukaniswa kwezinto zokungcola emngceleni wokusanhlamvu, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisa indima ye-microalloying. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa yezici zokugcina ze-hydrogen zomhlaba ezingafani, zingadonsa i-hydrogen ngensimbi, ngaleyo ndlela zithuthukise ngempumelelo into eforbrittlement ye-hydrogen yensimbi.
④ Ukwenza ngcono ukumelana kokugqwala: ukungezwa kwezinto zomhlaba ezingandile nazo kungathuthukisa ukumelana kwensimbi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umhlaba ongavamile unekhono eliphakeme kakhulu lokugxolisa kunensimbi engenacala. Ngakho-ke, ukungezwa komhlaba okungavamile kungakhuphula amandla okuzenzela insimbi engenacala, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise ukuqina kwensimbi emithonjeni eqinile.
2). Isifundo Esibalulekile Sokufunda I-Patent
I-Patent Eyisihluthulelo: I-Demivint Patent yokuhlakazwa kwe-oxide aqiniswe ngensimbi ephansi yokusebenzisa kanye nendlela yayo yokulungiselela yi-Institute of Metals, Chinese Academy of Sciences
I-Patent Abstract: Inikezwe ukuhanjiswa kwe-oxide kuqiniswe ngensimbi ephansi yokusebenza efanelekile ukuthola ama-reactors e-fusion kanye ne-matrix, 8.0% ≤ w ≤ c ≤ 0,1% ≤ w ≤ c ≤ 0,1% ≤ TA ≤ 0.2%, 0.1 ≤ mn ≤ 0.6%, kanye no-0.05% ≤ y2o3 ≤ 0.5%.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza: FE-CR-WV-Ta-MN Umama we-Alloy Smorelting, i-powder atomization, i-high-energy ball diming of the mama alloy futhiY2o3 nanoparticleI-powder exubile, ukukhishwa okuvela kwempuphu, ukubumba okuqinile, ukugoqa okushisayo, kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa.
Indlela yokungezelela komhlaba engavamile: Faka i-nanoscaleY2O3Izinhlayiya eziya kumzali we-alloy anatimed powder for high-energy ibhola lokugaya, ngebhola eliphakathi nendawo eliphakathi kwe-99.99)
3) .Dungelwe ukwenza izinto zokuvikelwa kwemisebe ye-neutron
① Umgomo wokuvikelwa kwemisebe ye-neutron
Ama-neutrons ayizinto ze-athomu nuclei, enesisindo esingu-1.675 × 10-27kg, okuyisikhathi se-1838 isisindo se-elekthronikhi. I-radius yayo icishe ibe ngu-0.8 × 10-15m, ofana ngosayizi kuya ku-proton, efana nemisebe ye-γ ayinakwa kalula. Lapho ama-neutrons esebenzisana nendaba, ikakhulukazi axhumana namabutho enuzi ngaphakathi kwe-nucleus, futhi awahlangani nama-elektroni egobolondweni elingaphandle.
Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwamandla enuzi kanye nobuchwepheshe be-Nuclear Reacler Technology, ukunakwa okwengeziwe nokuningi kukhokhelwe ukuphepha kwemisebe yenuzi kanye nokuvikelwa kwemisebe yenuzi. Ukuze uqinise ukuvikelwa kwemisebe kwabasebenza ngemishini yokulungiswa kwemisebe kanye nokuhlenga ngengozi isikhathi eside, kubaluleke kakhulu ngokwesayensi, ukubaluleka okukhulu kwesayensi kanye nenani lezomnotho ukuthuthukisa izinhlanganisela zokuvikela ezilula zokuvikela. I-Neutron Radiation iyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yemisebe yokuphendula yenuzi. Ngokuvamile, iningi lama-neutrons ekuxhumaneni ngqo nakwabantu liyehliswe liye phansi kuma-neutrons aphansi ama-neutron ngemuva komphumela we-neutron wavike Ama-netrons aphansi wamandla azohlangana ne-nuclei enenombolo ephansi ye-athomu ngokucophelela bese uqhubeka nokunganewa. Ama-neutrons anezinhlaka ezihlokiwe azothathwa ngezinto ezinezingxenye ezikhudlwana ze-neutron Askerption Cross izingxenye, bese ekugcineni i-neutron Shutter izotholakala.
② Isifundo Esibalulekile Sokuhlobisa I-Patent
Izakhiwo ze-porous ne-organic-inorganic hybrid zeinto yomhlaba engavamileigadikiIzinto ze-skeleton zensimbi ezisekelwe zandisa ukuhambisana kwazo nge-polyethylene, ukukhuthaza izinto ezihlanganisiwe ze-composite ukuze zinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-gadolinium kanye nokuhlakazwa kwe-gaduinium. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-gadolinium nokuhlakazeka kuzothinta ngqo ukusebenza kwe-neutron okuvikelayo kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe.
I-Patent Ekhiye: Isikhungo Se-Hefei seSayensi Yezinto Ezisetshenziswayo, Isikhungo Sesikhungo Sesayensi YaseChina, I-Devision Patent of arganic uhlaka lwe-organic uhlaka lwe-Organic Frame
I-Padolinium Abstract: Gadolium based Metal Organic Skeleton Skeleton Skeleton composite Shialeting Izinto izinto ezihlanganisiwe ezakhiwe ngokuxubaigadikiI-Metal Organic Skeleton impahla ye-organic ene-polyethylene ngesilinganiso sesisindo esingu-2: 1: 10 bese uyikhipha ngokuphuma kwe-solvent ukuhwamuka noma ukucindezela okushisayo. I-Gadolium based Metal Organic Skeleton skeleton composite izinto zokuvikela zinokuqina okuphezulu okushisayo kanye nekhono lokuvikela i-neutron.
Inqubo Yokukhiqiza: Ukukhetha okuhlukilei-gadiliniumusawoti kanye nama-organic ligands ukulungiselela futhi ahumushe izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-gadolinium asuselwe metal skeleton izinto eziphilayo ze-gadol, e-ethanol, noma amanzi ngamamitha aphezulu ngaphansi kwezimo ze-varowium ezisuselwa ku-arvelis ezisuselwa kwezinsimbi ze-gadilium; I-Gadolimium esekwe yi-Organometallic Skeleton izinto ezilungiselelwe ngesinyathelo isishukunyiswa nge-polyethylene lotion ngesivinini esikhulu, noma i-ultrasolically, noma i-gadolium esekelwe ezintweni ze-orgoneleton ezilungiselelwe ku-polyethylene ephezulu ngokushisa okuphezulu kuze kube yilapho kuxutshwe ngokuphelele; Beka i-gadolium exubile ye-gadolinium esekelwe ye-skeleton skeleton skeleton / polyethylene inhlanganisela kusikhunta, bese uthola i-gadolimium esekelwe ye-gadolinium esekelweni ye-skeleton skeleton skeleton skeleton composite matering impahla ngokuqhakambisa ukuqhakambisa i-solvent ukuphuma noma ukucindezela okushisayo; I-Gadolium elungiselelwe i-Gadolimium based Metal Organic Skeleton Skeleton Skeletorite Matering impahla ithuthukise ukumelana nokushisa okuthuthukile, izakhiwo zemishini, kanye nekhono eliphakeme lokuvikela ama-neuthron aphakeme ngokuqhathaniswa nezinto zokwakha ezihlanzekile ze-polyethylene.
Imodi yokungezelela komhlaba engavamile: I-GD2 (BHC) (H2O) 6, GD (BTC) (H2O) (H2O) 4 noma i-GD (BDC) 1.5 (H2O) 2,5 (H2O) 2,5 (H2O) 2I-GD (NO3) 3 • I-6H2O noma i-GDCL3 • 6h2Okanye ne-organic carboxylate ligand; Ubukhulu be-Gadolimium based Metal Organic Skeleton Izinto Skeleton-25-2 μ; Gadolimium-2 μ; I-Gadolinium esekwe yinsimbi yezinto eziphilayo zensimbi zine-morphologies ehlukene, kufaka phakathi ukwakheka kwe-granular, okubunjiwe.
(4) Ukusetshenziswa kweIkhentiyamuEmbhalweni weRachiochemistry kanye neNuclear
I-Scandium Metal inokuqina okuhle okushisayo kanye nokusebenza okuqinile kokutholwa kwe-fluorine, okwenza kube yinto ebaluleke kakhulu embonini yamandla we-athomu.
I-Patent Key: China Aerospace Development Development Beeijing Institute of Aeronautical Izinto, I-Devision Patent ye-Aluminium Zinc Magnesium Scandium Alloy nendlela yayo yokulungiselela
I-Patent Abstract: I-aluminium zincI-Magnesium Scandium Alloynendlela yayo yokulungiselela. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye namaphesenti wesisindo we-aluminium zinc magnesium scandium alloy yilezi: MG 1.0% -2.5%, i-SC 0.0% -5%, i-SC 0.0% -5%, i-FE ≤ 0.05%, okunye ukungcola okungu-0.05%, okunye Ukungcola okuphelele ≤ 0.15%, futhi inani elisele lingu-Al. I-MicroSCRUCRUCTUCTION LESI SIC Scandium Zinc Magnesium Aloy Izinto eziphilayo futhi ukusebenza kwazo kuzinzile, kunamandla okugcina, amandla okugcina angaphezu kuka-350MPA angaphezu kwama-370MPA angaphezu kwama-370MPA amalunga angaphezu kuka-370MPA kumajoyinti we-welded. Imikhiqizo yezinto ezibonakalayo ingasetshenziswa njengezakhi zesakhiwo e-Aerospace, embonini yenuzi, ezokuhamba, izimpahla zezemidlalo, izikhali kanye nezinye izinkambu.
Inqubo Yokukhiqiza: Isinyathelo 1, Isithako ngokusho kokwakheka okungenhla kwe-alloy; Isinyathelo 2: ncibilikisa isithando somshini sokushisa emazingeni okushisa angama-700 ℃ ~ 780 ℃; Isinyathelo 3: Hlaziya uketshezi lwensimbi encibilikisiwe ngokuphelele, futhi ulondoloze izinga lokushisa lensimbi ngaphakathi kwebanga lama-700 ℃ ~ 750 ℃ ngesikhathi sokucwengwa; Isinyathelo 4: Ngemuva kokucoca, kufanele kuvunyelwe ngokugcwele ukuma; Isinyathelo 5: Ngemuva kokuma ngokugcwele, qala ukusakaza, gcina izinga lokushisa lomlilo ngaphakathi kwebanga lama-690 ℃ ~ 730 ℃, bese ijubane lokuphonsa lingu-15-200mm / umzuzu; Isinyathelo 6: Yenza ama-homogenization anveling ukwelashwa nge-alloy Ingot esithandweni sokushisa, ngokushisa kwe-homogenization ka-400 ℃ ~ 470 ℃; Isinyathelo 7: Cwecwa i-Ingot ye-Homogenized futhi wenze ukukhishwa okushisayo ukukhiqiza amaphrofayli ngodonga olungaphezulu kuka-2.0mm. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhishwa, imali ekhokhwayo kufanele igcinwe ekushiseni kwama-350 ℃ kuya ku-410 ℃; Isinyathelo 8: Cwilisa iphrofayili yesixazululo esicisha ukwelashwa, ngokushisa kwesisombululo se-460-480 ℃; Isinyathelo 9: Ngemuva kwamahora angama-72 esixazululo esiqinile aqeda, aphoqe ngamandla ukuguga. I-Manual Force Age System yile: 90 ~ 110 ℃ / amahora angama-24 + 170 ~ 180 ℃ / 5 amahora, noma amahora angama-90 + 145 ~ 155 ~ 155 ~ 155 ~ 155 ~ 155 ~ 155 ~ 155 ~
5, Isifinyezo Sokucwaninga
On the whole, rare earths are widely used in nuclear fusion and nuclear fission, and have many patent layouts in such technical directions as X-ray excitation, plasma formation, light water reactor, transuranium, uranyl and oxide powder. Ngokuqondene nezinto zokwenziwa kwezinto zokuphendula, umhlaba ongavamile angasetshenziswa njengezinto zokwakha ama-reactor kanye nezinto zokwakha ezihlobene nobumba, izinto zokulawula kanye nezinto zokuvikelwa kwemisebe ye-neutron.
Isikhathi sePosi: Meyi-26-2023