Kungani amandla elinganiselwe futhi amandla alawulwa eShayina? Kuyithinta kanjani imboni yamakhemikhali?

Isingeniso:Muva nje, "isibani esibomvu" sivuliwe ekulawuleni okukabili kokusetshenziswa kwamandla ezindaweni eziningi e-China. Ezinyangeni ezingaphansi kwezine kusukela “kuvivinyo olukhulu” lokuphela konyaka, izindawo eziqanjwe uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi sezithathe izinyathelo ngokulandelana ukuzama ukwenza ngcono inkinga yokusetshenziswa kwamandla ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. I-Jiangsu, i-Guangdong, i-Zhejiang kanye nezinye izifundazwe zamakhemikhali ezinkulu zenze amagalelo amakhulu, zathatha izinyathelo ezinjengokumisa ukukhiqizwa nokunqamuka kukagesi ezinkulungwaneni zamabhizinisi. Vumela amabhizinisi endawo azizwe ebambekile. Kungani ugesi unqanyulwa kanye nokukhiqizwa? Izoletha muphi umthelela embonini?

Ukunqanyulwa kwamandla kwezifundazwe eziningi kanye nokukhiqizwa okulinganiselwe.

Muva nje, iYunnan, Jiangsu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Guangxi, Guangdong, Sichuan, Henan, Chongqing, Inner Mongolia, Henan nezinye izindawo zaqala ukuthatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa nokulawula ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngenhloso yokulawula kabili ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ukuvinjelwa kukagesi kanye nemikhawulo yokukhiqiza kuye kwasabalala kancane kancane kusukela esifundeni esimaphakathi nesentshonalanga kuya empumalanga yeYangtze River Delta kanye nePearl River Delta.

Isi-Sichuan:Misa ukukhiqiza okungadingekile, ukukhanyisa kanye nemithwalo yamahhovisi.

I-Henan:Amanye amabhizinisi acubungulayo anamandla anomkhawulo isikhathi esingaphezu kwamaviki amathathu.

I-Chongqing:Ezinye izimboni zinqamula ugesi futhi zayeka ukukhiqiza ekuqaleni kuka-August.

I-Mongolia Yangaphakathi:Lawula ngokuqinile isikhathi sokunqanyulwa kwamandla kwamabhizinisi, futhi intengo kagesi ngeke inyuke ngaphezu kuka-10%. I-Qinghai: Isexwayiso sangaphambi kwesikhathi sokunqanyulwa kukagesi sakhishwa, futhi ububanzi bokunqanyulwa kukagesi baqhubeka nokukhula. I-Ningxia: Amabhizinisi asebenzisa amandla amaningi azomisa ukukhiqiza inyanga eyodwa. Ukunqanyulwa kukagesi eShaanxi kuze kube sekupheleni konyaka: Ikhomishana Yentuthuko Nezinguquko Yedolobha laseYulin, eSifundazweni SaseShaanxi ikhiphe umgomo wokulawulwa kabili kokusetshenziswa kwamandla, idinga ukuthi amaphrojekthi asanda kwakhiwa “amabili aphezulu” akufanele afakwe ekukhiqizeni kusukela ngoSepthemba kuya kuDisemba. ukunciphisa umthwalo wokusebenza kwemigqa yokukhiqiza kanye nokumisa izithando ze-arc ezingaphansi kwamanzi ukuze kukhawulwe ukukhiqizwa, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwehla ngo-50% kokukhiqizwa ngoSepthemba. I-Yunnan: Imijikelezo emibili yokunqanyulwa kukagesi yenziwe futhi izoqhubeka nokwanda ekulandeleni. Isilinganiso sanyanga zonke esiphumayo samabhizinisi e-silicon ezimbonini kusukela ngoSepthemba kuya kuDisemba asiphezulu kune-10% yomkhiqizo ngo-Agasti (okungukuthi, okukhiphayo kuncishiswa ngo-90%);Kusukela ngoSepthemba kuya kuDisemba, isilinganiso sanyanga zonke sokukhishwa komugqa wokukhiqiza we-phosphorus ophuzi ngeke seqe u-10% womkhiqizo ngo-August 2021 (okungukuthi, okukhiphayo kuzoncishiswa ngo-90%). I-Guangxi: I-Guangxi yethule isilinganiso esisha sokulawula kabili, esidinga ukuthi amabhizinisi asebenzisa amandla aphezulu njenge-electrolytic aluminium, i-alumina, insimbi nosimende kufanele akhawulelwe ekukhiqizeni kusukela ngoSepthemba, futhi kunikezwe izinga elicacile lokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa. I-Shandong inokulawula okuphindwe kabili kokusetshenziswa kwamandla, nokushoda kwamandla kwansuku zonke amahora angu-9;Ngokwesimemezelo esiyisixwayiso sangaphambi kwesikhathi se-Rizhao Power Supply Company, ukunikezwa kwamalahle esifundazweni saseShandong akwanele, futhi kukhona ukushoda kwamandla ka-100,000-200,000 kilowatts nsuku zonke e-Rizhao. Isikhathi sokwenzeka esiyinhloko sisuka ku-15: 00 kuya ku-24: 00, futhi ukushiyeka kuyaqhubeka kuze kube uSepthemba, futhi izinyathelo zokuvinjelwa kwamandla ziyaqalwa. I-Jiangsu: Emhlanganweni woMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi Wesifundazwe sase-Jiangsu ekuqaleni kuka-September, wayalelwa ukuba enze ukuqondisa okukhethekile okonga ugesi emabhizinisini asebenzisa amandla aphelele ngaphezu kwamathani angu-50,000 amalahle avamile. Izenzo ezikhethekile zokuqondisa ukonga ugesi ezihlanganisa amabhizinisi angu-323 asebenzisa kakhulu amandla kagesi amaphrojekthi angaphezu kuka-20t900 namabhizinisi aphezulu angaphezu kuka-20 000 kuya kwezingu-50. kwethulwa ngokugcwele. Indawo yokuqoqa ukunyathelisa nokudaya ikhiphe isaziso sokumiswa kokukhiqiza, futhi amabhizinisi angaphezu kuka-1,000 “aqale amabili amisa amabili”.

I-Zhejiang:Amabhizinisi abalulekile asebenzisa amandla endaweni azosebenzisa ugesi ukunciphisa umthwalo, futhi amabhizinisi abalulekile asebenzisa amandla azomisa ukukhiqiza, okulindeleke ukuthi kume kuze kube nguSepthemba 30.

I-Anhui yonga ama-kilowatts kagesi ayizigidi ezingu-2,5, futhi isifundazwe sonke sisebenzisa ugesi ngendlela ehlelekile: Ihhovisi Leqembu Eliholayo Lesiqinisekiso Samandla Nokuhlinzeka Ngempahla EsiFundazweni Sase-Anhui libike ukuthi kuzoba negebe lokuphakelwa kukagesi nesidingo kuso sonke isifundazwe. Ngomhla zingama-22 kuMandulo, kulinganiselwa ukuthi umthamo omkhulu wamandla kagesi esifundazweni sonke uzoba ama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingama-36, futhi kunegebe elilinganiselwa ku-2.5 million kilowatts ebhalansi phakathi kokuphakelwa kukagesi nesidingo, ngakho-ke isimo sokuphakelwa kanye nesidingo sishubile kakhulu. Kuthathwe isinqumo sokuthi kuqalwe uhlelo lokusebenzisa ugesi ngendlela ehlelekile kusukela ngoSepthemba 22.

I-Guangdong:I-Guangdong Power Grid ithe izosebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenzisa amandla kagesi “isiqalo ezimbili nezitobhi ezinhlanu” kusukela ngomhlaka-16 Septhemba, bese ibona ushintsho oluzoshintsha njalo ngeSonto, ngoMsombuluko, ngoLwesibili, ngoLwesithathu nangoLwesine. Ngezinsuku ezingasebenzi kakhulu, umthwalo wokuvikela kuphela ozogodlwa, futhi umthwalo wezokuphepha ungaphansi kuka-15% wawo wonke umthwalo!

Izinkampani eziningi zimemezele ukuthi zizomisa ukukhiqiza futhi zinciphise ukukhiqizwa.

Ethintwe inqubomgomo yokulawula okukabili, amabhizinisi ahlukahlukene akhiphe izimemezelo zokumisa ukukhiqiza nokunciphisa umkhiqizo.

Ngomhla zingama-24 kuSeptemba, i-Limin Company yamemezela ukuthi i-Limin Chemical, inkampani ephethwe ngokuphelele, imise okwesikhashana ukukhiqiza ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo "zokulawula kabili ukusetshenziswa kwamandla" esifundeni. Ntambama yangomhla zingama-23 kuSepthemba, uJinji umemezele ukuthi muva nje, iKomidi Lokuphatha le-Taixing Economic Development Zone yesiFundazwe saseJiangsu lamukele imfuneko “yokulawulwa kabili kokusetshenziswa kwamandla” eminyangweni kahulumeni esezingeni eliphakeme, futhi laphakamisa ukuthi amabhizinisi afanelekile kuleli paki kufanele asebenzise izinyathelo ezinjengokuthi “ukumiswa kokukhiqiza kwesikhashana” kanye “nomkhawulo wokukhiqiza wesikhashana wenkampani, ukuvinjelwa kokukhiqizwa kwenkampani kanye nokubambisana okusebenzayo”. I-Jinhui Chemical, izinkampani ezingaphansi eziphethwe ngokuphelele ezitholakala kuleli paki, zikhawulelwe okwesikhashana ekukhiqizeni kusukela ngomhlaka-22 Septhemba. Kusihlwa, iNanjing Chemical Fiber imemezele ukuthi ngenxa yokushoda kwamandla kagesi esiFundazweni saseJiangsu, iJiangsu Jinling Cellulose Fiber Co., Ltd., inkampani ephethwe ngokuphelele, imise okwesikhashana ukukhiqiza kusukela ngomhla zingama-22 kuSepthemba futhi bekulindeleke ukuthi iqale kabusha ukukhiqiza ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Ngomhla zingama-22 kuSepthemba, u-Yingfeng wamemezela ukuthi, Ukuze kuncishiswe isimo sokusungula amalahle futhi kuqinisekiswe ukukhiqizwa okuphephile nokuhlelekile kokuhlinzeka ngokushisa nokusetshenziswa kwamabhizinisi, inkampani imise okwesikhashana ukukhiqiza ngoSepthemba 22-23. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani ezisohlwini ezingu-10, okuhlanganisa i-Chenhua, i-Hongbaoli, i-Xidamen, i-Tianyuan kanye ne-*ST Chengxing, zimemezele izinkinga ezihlobene nokumiswa kokukhiqiza kwezinkampani ezingaphansi kwazo kanye nokukhiqizwa okulinganiselwe ngenxa “yokulawula kabili ukusetshenziswa kwamandla”.

Izizathu zokwehluleka kwamandla, ukukhiqizwa okulinganiselwe nokuvalwa.

1. Ukuntuleka kwamalahle nogesi.

Empeleni, ukunqanyulwa kukagesi kushoda amalahle nogesi. Uma kuqhathaniswa nowezi-2019, ukukhiqizwa kwamalahle kuzwelonke akwenyukanga neze, kuyilapho ukukhiqizwa kukagesi kuyanda. I-inventory ye-Beigang kanye neqoqo lamalahle lezitshalo zamandla ahlukahlukene ngokusobala zincishiswa ngamehlo anqunu. Izizathu zokushoda kwamalahle zimi kanje:

(1) Esigabeni sokuqala soshintsho ohlangothini lokuhlinzekwa kwamalahle, inani lezimayini zamalahle ezincane kanye nezimayini zamalahle ezivulekile ezinezinkinga zokuphepha zavalwa, kodwa azikho izimayini ezinkulu zamalahle ezasetshenziswa. Ngaphansi kwesizinda sesidingo esihle samalahle kulo nyaka, ukutholakala kwamalahle bekucinene;

(2) Isimo salo nyaka sokuthumela kwamanye amazwe sihle kakhulu, ukusetshenziswa kukagesi ezinkampanini ezilula ezimbonini nasezimbonini zokukhiqiza ezisezingeni eliphansi kuye kwanda, futhi indawo yokuphehla ugesi ingumthengi omkhulu wamalahle, futhi intengo yamalahle iphezulu kakhulu, okuye kwandise izindleko zokukhiqizwa kwesikhungo sikagesi, futhi indawo yokuphehla ugesi ayinawo amandla anele okwandisa umkhiqizo;

(3) Kulo nyaka, ukungeniswa kwamalahle kushintshiwe kusuka e-Australia kuya kwamanye amazwe, futhi intengo yamalahle avela kwamanye amazwe yenyuka kakhulu, futhi intengo yamalahle emhlabeni nayo yahlala iphezulu.

2. Kungani kunganwetshwa ukuhlinzekwa kwamalahle, kodwa kunqanyulwe ugesi?

Eqinisweni, inani eliphelele lokuphehlwa kwamandla ngo-2021 aliphansi. Engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka, ingqikithi yokuphehlwa kukagesi eChina yayingama-kWh ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3,871.7, okuphindwe kabili kunase-United States. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhwebo lwaseShayina lwangaphandle lukhule ngokushesha kakhulu kulo nyaka.

Ngokwemininingwane esanda kukhishwa yi-General Administration of Customs, ngo-August, inani eliphelele lokungenisa nokuthekelisa kweChina kwezohwebo lwangaphandle lalingama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3.43, okuwukukhuphuka ngo-18.9% unyaka nonyaka, nokufeza ukukhula okuhle konyaka nonyaka izinyanga ezingu-15 zilandelana, okuqhubeka nokubonisa umkhuba ozinzile futhi ozinzile. Ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalombili zokuqala, inani eliphelele lokungeniswa nokuthekelisa kohwebo lwangaphandle lwaseShayina lalingama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-24.78, lenyuke ngo-23.7% unyaka nonyaka kanye nama-22.8% esikhathini esifanayo ngo-2019.

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amazwe angaphandle ahlaselwe yilolu bhubhane, futhi ayikho indlela yokukhiqiza ngendlela evamile, ngakho umsebenzi wokukhiqiza wezwe lethu uyabhebhetheka. Kungashiwo ukuthi ngo-2020 ngisho nasengxenyeni yokuqala ka-2021, izwe lethu lacishe laqinisekisa ukuhlinzekwa kwempahla yomhlaba wonke lilodwa, ngakho uhwebo lwethu lwangaphandle aluzange luthinteke ngenxa yalolu bhubhane, kodwa lungcono kakhulu kunedatha yokungenisa nokuthekelisa ngo-2019. Njengoba ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kuyanda, kanjalo nezinto zokusetshenziswa ezidingekayo. ukwenyuka kwentengo yensimbi kanye ne-iron concentrate Dafu. Izindlela eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza embonini yokukhiqiza izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nogesi. Ngokudlondlobala kwemisebenzi yokukhiqiza, isidingo sikagesi saseChina siyaqhubeka nokwanda. Kungani singanwebi ukunikezwa kwamalahle, kodwa kufanele sinqamule ugesi? Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunesidingo esikhulu sokuphehlwa kukagesi.Kodwa-ke, izindleko zokuphehlwa kukagesi nazo zinyukile. Selokhu kuqale lo nyaka, ukutholakala kwamalahle kanye nesidingo sasekhaya bekuqinile, intengo yamalahle ashisayo ayintenga ngesikhathi esivaliwe, futhi intengo yamalahle ikhuphuke kakhulu futhi iqhubeka nokusebenza ngezinga eliphezulu. Amanani amalahle aphakeme futhi kunzima ukwehla, futhi izindleko zokukhiqiza nezokuthengisa zezinkampani eziphehla ugesi ngamalahle zibheke phezulu, okugqamisa ingcindezi yokusebenza. Ngokusho kwedatha ye-China Electricity Council, intengo yeyunithi yamalahle ajwayelekile eqenjini elikhulu lokuphehla ugesi inyuke ngo-50.5% unyaka nonyaka, kuyilapho inani likagesi lihlala lingashintshile.Ukulahlekelwa kwamabhizinisi aphehla amandla ngamalahle kuye kwanda ngokusobala, futhi wonke umkhakha wamandla ophehlwa ngamalahle ulahlekelwe yimali. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi isikhungo sikagesi sizolahlekelwa ngaphezu kwama-yuan angu-0.1 njalo uma sikhiqiza i-kilowatt-hora, futhi sizolahlekelwa izigidi ezingu-10 uma sikhiqiza amahora angu-100 wama-kilowatt-amahora. Kulawo mabhizinisi amakhulu aphehla amandla, ukulahlekelwa kwanyanga zonke kudlula ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyi-100. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, intengo yamalahle iphezulu, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, intengo entantayo yentengo kagesi ilawulwa, ngakho-ke kunzima ukuthi izimboni zikagesi zilinganisele izindleko zazo ngokukhuphula intengo kagesi wegridi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isidingo esikhulu esilethwa ukukhuphuka kwezifo eziwumshayabhuqe zaphesheya kwezilwandle asikwazi ukusimama. Ukwanda komthamo wokukhiqiza ngenxa yokukhokhelwa kwama-oda akhuphukayo e-China kuzoba utshani bokugcina bokuchoboza inqwaba yama-SME esikhathini esizayo. Amandla okukhiqiza kuphela anqunyelwe emthonjeni, ukuze amanye amabhizinisi angezansi angakwazi ukwanda ngokungaboni. Kuphela lapho kufika inkinga ye-oda esikhathini esizayo lapho angavikelwa khona ngempela phansi komfula. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyaphuthuma ukufeza imfuneko yoguquko lwezimboni. Ukuze kuqedwe amandla okukhiqiza okubuyela emuva futhi kwenziwe uguquko lwe-supply side e-China, asikho nje isidingo sokuvikelwa kwemvelo ukuze kufezwe umgomo wekhabhoni ephindwe kabili, kodwa futhi noguquko olubalulekile lwezimboni olufeza inhloso. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-China ibilokhu iqhubekela phambili kulo mgomo, kodwa kusukela ngonyaka odlule, ngenxa yesimo sobhubhane, umsebenzi wokukhiqiza imikhiqizo yaseChina yamandla aphezulu uye wabhebhetheka ngaphansi kwesidingo esikhulu. Njengoba ubhubhane ludlangile, imboni yezokukhiqiza emhlabeni wonke yantengantenga, futhi inani elikhulu lama-oda okukhiqiza abuyiselwa ezweni.Nokho, inkinga embonini yamanje yokukhiqiza ukuthi amandla entengo ezinto ezingavuthiwe alawulwa inhloko-dolobha yamazwe ngamazwe, eye yanda yonke indlela, kuyilapho amandla entengo emikhiqizo eqediwe ewele ekungqubuzaneni kwangaphakathi kokukhuliswa kwamandla, ukuncintisana nezingxoxo. Njengamanje, okuwukuphela kwendlela ukukhawulela ukukhiqizwa, futhi ngokusebenzisa ukuguqulwa kwe-supply side, ukuthuthukisa isimo namandla okuxoxisana embonini yokukhiqiza yaseShayina ochungechungeni lwezimboni zomhlaba wonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izwe lethu lizodinga umthamo wokukhiqiza osebenza kahle kakhulu isikhathi eside esikhathini esizayo, futhi ukwanda kwenani elengeziwe lemikhiqizo yamabhizinisi kuwumkhuba ohamba phambili esikhathini esizayo. Njengamanje, amabhizinisi amaningi asekhaya emikhakheni yendabuko athembele komunye nomunye ekwehliseni amanani entengo ukuze aphile, okuyinto engathandeki ekuqhudelaneni jikelele kwezwe lethu. Amaphrojekthi amasha athathelwa indawo amandla okukhiqiza ahlehla ngokwengxenye ethile, futhi ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe, Ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokukhishwa kwekhabhoni ezimbonini zendabuko ngokuphawulekayo, kufanele sithembele ekusungulweni okusha kwezobuchwepheshe kanye noguquko lwemishini. Esikhathini esifushane, ukuze kuphothulwe umgomo obekwe uguquko lwezimboni zaseShayina, i-China ayikwazi ukumane yandise ukunikezwa kwamalahle, futhi ukunqanyulwa kukagesi nokukhiqizwa okulinganiselwe kuyizindlela eziyinhloko zokufinyelela inkomba yokulawula kabili kokusetshenziswa kwamandla ezimbonini zendabuko. Ukwengeza, ukuvinjelwa kwezingozi zokwehla kwamandla emali akunakunakwa. I-America yanyathelisa ama-dollar amaningi kakhulu,Lawa ma-dollar ngeke anyamalale, afikile eChina. Izimpahla ezikhiqiziwe zaseChina, ezithengiselwa iMelika, ngokushintshana ngamadola. Kodwa lawa madola awakwazi ukusetshenziswa eChina. Kufanele zishintshwe nge-RMB. Mangakhi amadola amabhizinisi aseShayina azuza e-United States, i-People's Bank of China izoshintsha i-RMB efanayo. Ngenxa yalokho, kukhona i-RMB eyengeziwe. Izikhukhula e-United States, zithelwa emakethe yaseChina. Ukwengeza, imali yamazwe ngamazwe iyahlanya mayelana nempahla, futhi ithusi, insimbi, okusanhlamvu, uwoyela, ubhontshisi, njll. kulula ukunyusa amanani, ngaleyo ndlela kubangele izingozi ezingase zibe khona zokwehla kwamandla emali. Imali eshisiwe kakhulu ohlangothini lokuhlinzeka ingakhuthaza ukukhiqizwa, kodwa imali eshisiwe kakhulu ohlangothini lwabathengi ingaholela kalula ekwenyukeni kwentengo kanye nokwehla kwamandla emali. Ngakho-ke, ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kwamandla akuyona nje imfuneko ye-carbon neutralization,Emuva kwayo kunezinhloso ezinhle zezwe! 3. Ukuhlolwa "Kokulawulwa Okukabili Kokusetshenziswa Kwamandla"

Kusukela ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, ukuze kufezwe umgomo wekhabhoni ephindwe kabili, ukuhlolwa "kokulawulwa kabili kokusetshenziswa kwamandla" kanye "nokulawula okubili okuphezulu" bekuqinile, futhi imiphumela yokuhlola izosebenza njengesisekelo sokuhlolwa komsebenzi wethimba lobuholi bendawo.

Inqubomgomo ebizwa ngokuthi "ukulawulwa okukabili kokusetshenziswa kwamandla" ibhekisela kunqubomgomo ehlobene yokulawula okukabili kwamandla okusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nenani eliphelele. Amaphrojekthi "amabili aphezulu" amaphrojekthi asetshenziswa kakhulu amandla kanye nokukhipha okuphezulu. Ngokwendawo ezungezile, ububanzi bephrojekthi "Yokuphezulu Okubili" amalahle, i-petrochemical, amakhemikhali, insimbi nensimbi, ukuncibilika kwensimbi okungeyona insimbi, izinto zokwakha kanye nezinye izigaba eziyisithupha zezimboni.

Ngo-Agasti 12, i-Barometer for the Completion of Double Control Targets of Regional Energy Consumption Engxenyeni Yokuqala Ka-2021 ekhishwe yiKhomishana Yezokuthuthukiswa Nezinguquko Kazwelonke ibonise ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwezifunda eziyisishiyagalolunye (izifunda) eQinghai, Ningxia, Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Xisunjiang, Xisuang azange aqale e-Jinxiang naseYunna 2021, eyayifakwe kuhlu njengesixwayiso esibomvu sesigaba sokuqala. Ohlangothini lokulawulwa kokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele, izifundazwe eziyisishiyagalombili (izifunda) ezihlanganisa i-Qinghai, i-Ningxia, i-Guangxi, i-Guangdong, i-Fujian, i-Yunnan, i-Jiangsu ne-Hubei zifakwe ohlwini lwesexwayiso sezinga elibomvu. (Izixhumanisi ezihlobene:Izifundazwe eziyi-9 zaqanjwa! Ikhomishana Kazwelonke Yokuthuthukiswa Nezinguquko: Misa ukuhlolwa nokugunyazwa kwamaphrojekthi “amabili aphezulu” emadolobheni nasezifundeni lapho amandla okusetshenziswa kwamandla engenci kodwa ayenyuka.）

Kwezinye izindawo, kusenezinkinga ezifana nokunwetshwa okungaboni kahle kwamaphrojekthi "Aphezulu Okubili" kanye nokukhuphuka kokusetshenziswa kwamandla esikhundleni sokwehla. Ezingxenyeni ezintathu zokuqala, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezinkomba zokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Isibonelo, ngenxa yesimo esiwubhubhane ngo-2020, ohulumeni basekhaya babejahile futhi bawina amaphrojekthi amaningi asetshenziswa kakhulu amandla, njengefayibha yamakhemikhali nesikhungo sedatha. Ngengxenye yesibili yalo nyaka, amaphrojekthi amaningi aseqalile ukusebenza, okubangele ukwanda kwenani eliphelele lokusetshenziswa kukagesi.Izifundazwe eziyisishiyagalolunye namadolobha empeleni anezinkomba zokulawula kabili, cishe zonke ezilenga ngamalambu abomvu. Ngekota yesine, esikhathini esingaphansi kwezinyanga ezine kusukela “kuvivinyo olukhulu” lokuphela konyaka, izifunda eziqanjwe uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi zithathe izinyathelo ngokulandelana ukuze zizame ukuthuthukisa inkinga yokusetshenziswa kwamandla ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka futhi zigweme ukweqa isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwamandla. I-Jiangsu, i-Guangdong, i-Zhejiang nezinye izifundazwe zamakhemikhali ezinkulu zenze amagalelo amakhulu. Izinkulungwane zamabhizinisi zithathe izinyathelo zokumisa ukukhiqiza nokunqamula ugesi, okubambe amabhizinisi endawo ngokumangala.

Umthelela ezimbonini zendabuko.

Njengamanje, ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa sekuyindlela eqondile nephumelelayo yokulawula ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, ezimbonini eziningi, izinguquko esimweni somnotho kulo nyaka, izifo eziwumshayabhuqe eziphindaphindekayo phesheya kwezilwandle kanye nokuthambekela okuyinkimbinkimbi kwempahla eningi kwenze izimboni ezihlukahlukene zabhekana nobunzima obuhlukahlukene, futhi ukukhiqizwa okulinganiselwe okulethwa ukulawulwa okukabili kokusetshenziswa kwamandla sekuphinde kwabangela ukushaqeka. Embonini ye-petrochemical, Nakuba kube nokunqanyulwa kukagesi ekusetshenzisweni kukagesi okuphezulu eminyakeni edlule, izimo "zokuvulwa okubili nokumisa okuhlanu", "ukukhawulela ukukhiqizwa ngo-90%" kanye "nokumisa ukukhiqizwa ngezinkulungwane zamabhizinisi" azikaze zibe khona ngaphambili. Uma ugesi usetshenziswa isikhathi eside, umthamo wokukhiqiza ngeke neze uhambisane nesidingo, futhi ama-oda azophinde ancishiswe, okwenza ukunikezwa ohlangothini lwesidingo kuqine kakhulu. Embonini yamakhemikhali esetshenziswa kakhulu amandla,Okwamanje, isizini ephezulu yendabuko ye-“Golden September kanye ne-Silver 10″ isivele isishoda, futhi ukulawula okuphindwe kabili kokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu kuzoholela ekwehlweni kokuhlinzekwa kwamakhemikhali anamandla amakhulu, futhi amanani ezinto ezingavuthiwe zamalahle negesi yemvelo azoqhubeka nokukhuphuka. ingcindezi yokwenyuka kwamanani nokushoda, futhi isimo esibuhlungu sizoqhubeka!

Ukulawulwa kombuso.

1. Ingabe kukhona into “ephambukayo” ekunqanyulweni kwamandla amakhulu kanye nokwehliswa kokukhiqizwa?

Umthelela wokunqanyulwa kukagesi ochungechungeni lwezimboni ngokungangabazeki uzoqhubeka nokudluliselwa kwezinye izixhumanisi nezifunda, futhi kuzophinde kuphoqe amabhizinisi ukuthi aqhubeke nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kanye nokunciphisa intuthu ekhishwayo, okuyinto ekhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa komnotho waseShayina oluhlaza. Kodwa-ke, ohlelweni lokunqanyulwa kwamandla kanye nokunqanyulwa kokukhiqiza, ingabe kukhona okwenzekayo okulingana nosayizi owodwa kanye nokuchezuka komsebenzi? Esikhathini esidlule, abasebenzi base-Erdos No.1 Chemical Plant in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region bafuna usizo ku-inthanethi:Muva nje, i-Ordos Electric Power Bureau ivamise ukucisha ugesi, ngisho izikhathi eziningi ngosuku. Ezikhathini eziningi, ugesi ucisha izikhathi eziyisishiyagalolunye ngosuku. Ukuhluleka kwamandla kubangela ukuthi isithando somlilo se-calcium carbide sime, okuzoholela ekuqaliseni nasekumisweni njalo kwehhavini lomcako ngenxa yokungatholakali kwegesi eyanele, futhi kwandise izingozi zokuphepha ezingaba khona emsebenzini wokuthungela. Ngenxa yokucisha kukagesi okuphindaphindiwe, kwesinye isikhathi isithando somlilo se-calcium carbide singasetshenzwa mathupha kuphela. Kwakukhona isithando somlilo se-calcium carbide esinezinga lokushisa elingazinzile.Lapho i-calcium carbide iphuma, irobhothi lashiswa. Ukube wenziwe umuntu, imiphumela ibingeke icatshangwe. Embonini yamakhemikhali, uma kunqamuka ugesi kungazelelwe futhi kuvalwe, kunengozi enkulu yokuphepha ekusebenzeni komthwalo ophansi. Umuntu ophethe i-Inner Mongolia Chlor-Alkali Association uthe: Kunzima ukumisa isithando somlilo se-calcium carbide futhi uqalise kabusha ukukhiqiza ngemva kokucisha kukagesi okuphindaphindiwe, futhi kulula ukwakha izingozi ezingaba khona zokuphepha. Ukwengeza, Inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-PVC ehambisana namabhizinisi e-calcium carbide ingeye-Class I yokulayisha, futhi ukuphela kukagesi okuphindaphindiwe kungase kubangele izingozi zokuvuza kwe-chlorine, kodwa lonke uhlelo lokukhiqiza kanye nezingozi zokuphepha komuntu siqu ezingase zidalwe izingozi zokuvuza kwe-chlorine azikwazi ukuhlolwa. Njengoba abasebenzi basezimbonini zamakhemikhali ezibalwe ngenhla basho, ukucisha kukagesi njalo “akunakwenziwa ngaphandle komsebenzi, futhi ukuphepha akuqinisekisiwe”. Njengoba sibhekene nomzuliswano omusha ongenakugwemeka wokushaqeka kwempahla eluhlaza, igebe lokusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokwenzeka “kokuphambuka” okungenzeka, umbuso uphinde wathatha izinyathelo ezithile zokuqinisekisa ukuhlinzekwa nokusimamisa amanani. 2. Ikhomishana Kazwelonke Yokuthuthukiswa Nezinguquko kanye Nokuphathwa Kwezamandla Kazwelonke ngokuhlanganyela yenze ngokuhlanganyela ukuqondisa kokunikezwa kwamandla kanye nokuzinza kwentengo, igxile ekuqondiseni indawo, igxile ekusetshenzisweni kwezinqubomgomo zokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwamalahle nokuhlinzekwa kwezifundazwe ezifanele, izifunda ezizimele kanye namabhizinisi. izinkontileka zesikhathi esimaphakathi neside, ukuqaliswa kwezinqubomgomo zamanani ekukhiqizweni kwamalahle, ezokuthutha, ukuhweba nokudayiswa, kanye nokuqaliswa kwendlela yamanani asekelwe ezimakethe “yokuguquguquka kwenani elilinganiselwe+ lokuguquguquka” kokuphehla ugesi ngamalahle. Ngenxa yobunzima nezinkinga amabhizinisi ahlangabezane nazo ekukhipheni amandla okukhiqiza athuthukile, umsebenzi wokuqondisa uzongena ujule emabhizinisini naseminyango efanele, ukhuthaze ukuqaliswa kokulawulwa kwamandla, ukuthuthukiswa kwezidingo zokulawula nokuthuthukisa amandla okusebenza. izinsiza”, ukusiza amabhizinisi ukuthi axhumanise futhi axazulule izinkinga ezisasele ezithinta ukukhululwa kwamandla okukhiqiza, futhi alwele ukukhulisa ukutholakala kwamalahle futhi aqinisekise isidingo sabantu samalahle okukhiqizwa nokuphila ngokuthatha izinyathelo ezinjengokusingatha imicikilisho efanele ngokuhambisana. 3 Ikhomishana Kazwelonke Yentuthuko Nezinguquko: I-100% yamalahle okufudumeza eNyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina izoba ngaphansi kwentengo yenkontileka yesikhathi esimaphakathi neside Muva nje, Ikhomishana Kazwelonke Yezokuthuthukiswa Nezinguquko izohlela iminyango efanele yokusebenza kwezomnotho yesifundazwe, amabhizinisi amakhulu okukhiqiza amalahle eNyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina, izimayini zamalahle ezinokuhlinzekwa okuqinisekisiwe kanye nokhiye wokuphehla ugesi kanye nokushisisa amabhizinisi eNyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina, kanye nokwenza inkontileka yokushisisa isizini ende yesikhathi eside. ukuze kwandiswe ingxenye yamalahle athathwe yizinkontileka zesikhathi esimaphakathi neside zokuphehla ugesi kanye namabhizinisi ashisisayo afinyelele ku-100%.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ngempumelelo ukuqaliswa kochungechunge lwezinyathelo ezethulwe nguhulumeni zokuqinisekisa ukuhlinzekwa kwamandla kagesi nokuzinza kwentengo nokuzuza imiphumela, muva nje, Ikhomishini Yezokuthuthukiswa Komnotho Kazwelonke kanye Nokuphathwa Kwezamandla Kazwelonke ngokubambisana bathumele ithimba eliqondisayo, elikhulisa ukuqaliswa kokukhiqizwa kwenqubomgomo yenuzi, ekhulisa ukuqaliswa kokukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi kanye nokusimama kwentengo. amandla okukhiqiza athuthukile, kanye nokusingatha ukwakhiwa kwephrojekthi kanye nezinqubo zokuthuma.Kanye nokuqaliswa kwezinqubomgomo zamanani ekukhiqizeni amalahle, ukuthutha, ukuhweba nokudayiswa, ukuze kwandiswe ukutholakala kwamalahle kanye nokuqinisekisa isidingo sabantu sokukhiqizwa kwamalahle nokuphila. 4. IKhomishana Kazwelonke Yokuthuthukiswa Nezinguquko: Ukugcina umgomo wokuphepha wediphozithi yamalahle wezinsuku eziyi-7. Ngifunde kuKhomishana Kazwelonke Yokuthuthukiswa Nezinguquko ukuthi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala kwamalahle kanye nokuzinza kwentengo nokuqinisekisa ukuphakelwa okuphephile nokuzinzile kwamandla wamalahle namalahle, iminyango efanele idinga ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokuphepha lokugcinwa kwamalahle ezimbonini zamandla aphehlwa ngamalahle, kwehliswe izinga lokugcina amalahle ezimbonini zikagesi ngenkathi ephakeme kakhulu, kanye nokugcina umugqa ophansi wokuphepha endaweni yokugcina amalahle izinsuku eziyi-7. Njengamanje, Ikhomishana Kazwelonke Yokuthuthukiswa Nezinguquko kanye Nokuphathwa Kwezamandla Kazwelonke bamise ikilasi elikhethekile lokuvikela nokuhlinzekwa kwamalahle kagesi, elizofaka izimboni zamandla ezisebenzisa uhlelo lokuhlukanisa amalahle esikhathini esingekude kakhulu zibe emkhakheni wokuvikela oyinhloko, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umugqa oyinhloko wokugcinwa kwamalahle okuphephile kwezinsuku eziyi-7 ugcinwa ngokuqinile. Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuphakelwa okubalulekile izoqalwa ngokushesha, futhi iminyango efanele kanye namabhizinisi abalulekile azonikeza ukudidiyelwa okubalulekile kanye nesiqiniseko somthombo wamalahle namandla okuthutha.

Isiphetho:

Lokhu “kuzamazama komhlaba” kokukhiqiza kunzima ukukugwema. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ibhamuza lidlula, umfula okhuphukayo uzophola kancane kancane, futhi izintengo zempahla eyinqwaba nazo zizokwehla. Akunakugwenywa ukuthi idatha yokuthekelisa izokwehla (kuyingozi enkulu uma idatha yokuthekelisa ikhuphuka ngamandla). I-China kuphela, izwe elinesimo esihle kakhulu somnotho, elingakwazi ukuhwebelana okuhle. Ukuxhamazela kwenza imfucuza, Lona umbhalo ongezansi wemboni yezokukhiqiza yezwe. Ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kwamandla akuyona nje imfuneko yokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, kodwa futhi inhloso enhle yezwe ukuvikela imboni yokukhiqiza. ‍