Yini into ye-holmium?

1. Ukutholwa kwezinto zeHalmium
Ngemuva Kwama-Mosandes Ahlukanisweumphethona-i-terbiumukusukaytttriumNgo-1842, ochwepheshe bamakhemikhali abaningi basebenzise ukuhlaziya okubukelayo ukuze bakhombe futhi bazimisele ukuthi kwakungeyona ama-oxides amsulwa wento ethile, eyagqugquzela osokhemisi ukuthi baqhubeke nokuhlukanisa. Ngemuva kokuhlukanisaytterbium oxidena-Scandium oxideKusuka ku-YTTERBIUM OXIDE, iCliff yahlukanisa ama-oxides amabili ama-oxides amasha ezinto ngo-1879. Omunye wabo wabizwa ngeHolmium ukukhumbula indawo yokuzalwa, inhloko-dolobha yaseStockholm, iHolmia, kanye nesibonakaliso se-Steeden, eHolmia, kanye nesibonakaliso se-Element Hoo. Kamuva, ngo-1886, uBoisbodran wahlukanisa enye into evela eHolmium, kodwa igama leHolmium lagcinwa. Ngokutholwa kweHalmium nezinye izinto zomhlaba ezingandile, enye ingxenye yesigaba sesithathu sokutholwa kwezinto zomhlaba ezingandile yaqedwa.

Isihlabula

2. Izakhiwo ezibonakalayo zeHolmium
IHolmium iyinsimbi emhlophe ye-silvery, ethambile ne-ductile; Iphuzu elincibilikayo 1474 ° C, Iphuzu elibilayo 2695 ° C, Density 8.7947g / CM³. IHolmium iqinile emoyeni owomile futhi oxidize ngokushesha emazingeni okushisa aphezulu;Holmium oxideyinto enamandla kakhulu eyaziwa nge-paramagnetic. Amakhompiyutha e-Holmium angasetshenziswa njengezengezo zezinto ezintsha ze-ferromagnetic;Holmium iodideisetshenziselwa ukwenza amalambu we-metal halide - izibani zeHolmium. Kuzinzile emoyeni owomile emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni futhi kufakwe kalula emoyeni onomswakama kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu. Gwema ukuxhumana nomoya, oxides, ama-acid, ama-halogens, namanzi anomswakama. Ikhipha amagesi avuthayo lapho exhumana namanzi; Kuyancibilika kuma-inorganic acid. Kuzinzile emoyeni owomile emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni, kepha axidize ngokushesha emoyeni onomswakama nangaphezulu kwamazinga okushisa egumbini. Inezakhiwo ezisebenzayo zamakhemikhali. Kubola kancane amanzi kancane. Ingahlanganisa cishe nazo zonke izinto ezingezona zensimbi. Ikhona eYttrium silicang, Monazite nakwamanye amaminerali omhlaba angavamile. Kusetshenziselwa ukwenza izinto ze-magnetic alloy.

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3. Izakhiwo zamakhemikhali zeHolmium
Kuzinzile emoyeni owomile emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni, futhi kufakwe kalula ngo-oxidived emoyeni onomswakama futhi emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Gwema ukuxhumana nomoya, oxides, ama-acid, ama-halogens, namanzi anomswakama. Ikhipha amagesi avuthayo lapho exhumana namanzi; Iyancibilika kuma-inorganic acid. Kuzinzile emoyeni owomile emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni, kepha oxidizes ngokushesha emoyeni onomswakama nangaphezulu kwamazinga okushisa egumbini. Inezakhiwo ezisebenzayo zamakhemikhali. Kunciphisa kancane amanzi. Ingahlanganiswa cishe nazo zonke izinto ezingezona zensimbi. Ikhona eYttrium silicang, Monazite nakwamanye amaminerali omhlaba angavamile. Kusetshenziselwa ukwenza izinto ze-magnetic alloy. Njenge-dysprosium, kuyinsimbi engadonsa ama-neutrons akhiqizwa yiFlear Fission. Ephendukayo yenuzi, kuqhubeka ngokuvutha ngakolunye uhlangothi futhi kulawule ijubane lokuphendula kwe-chain kolunye. Incazelo Element: Ine-luster yensimbi. Kungasabela kancane ngamanzi futhi kuncibilike nge-diliful acid. Usawoti uphuzi. I-oxide ho2o2 eluhlaza okotshani. Incibilikisa ku-mineral acid ukukhiqiza usawoti ophuzi we-ion ophuzi. Umthombo we-Ementment: Kwenziwa ngokunciphisaIHolmium FluorideI-HOF3 · 2h2o nge-calcium.
Ukuhlanganisa
(1)Holmium oxideImhlophe futhi inezinhlaka ezimbili: i-cubic egxile emzimbeni ne-monoclic. I-Ho2O3 ukuphela kwe-oxide ezinzile. Izakhiwo zayo zamakhemikhali nezindlela zokulungiselela ziyefana nalezo zeLanthanum oxide. Ingasetshenziswa ukwenza izibani zeHolmium.
(2)Holmium nitrateIfomula ye-molecular: ho (no3) 3 · 5h2o; Isisindo se-molecular: 441.02; Imvamisa iyingozi kancane kwimizimba yamanzi. Ungavumeli amanani angafakwanga noma amaningi omkhiqizo ukuze axhumane namanzi angaphansi komhlaba, imigwaqo yamanzi noma ama-sendles. Ungakukhiphi lokho okuqukethwe endaweni ezungezile ngaphandle kwemvume kahulumeni.

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4.Synthesis indlela yeHolmium
1. I-Holmium Metalingatholakala ngokunciphisa i-anhydrousIHolmium Trichloride or I-Holmium Trifluoridenge-calcium yensimbi
2. Ngemuva kokuhlukaniswa kweHalmium kwezinye izinto zomhlaba ezingandile nge-Ion Exchange noma ubuchwepheshe bokukhishwa kwe-solvent, i-holmium yensimbi ingalungiswa ngokuncishiswa kwensimbi. Ukuncishiswa kwe-lithium okushisayo komhlaba we-rare emhlabeni Chloride kuhlukile ekunciphiseni kwe-calcium thermal komhlaba angavamile i-chloride. Inqubo yokunciphisa kwangaphambili yenziwa esigabeni segesi. I-Lithium Thermal Reaction Reactor ihlukaniswe ngezindawo ezimbili zokufudumeza, futhi ukuncishiswa nezinqubo zokuhlobisa zenziwa emishini efanayo. AnhydrousIHolmium Chlorideibekwe kwi-Upper Titanium Reactoror enobuhlakani (futhi negumbi le-hocl3 distillation), kanye ne-ejenti ye-agent metallic lithium ibekwa eBrowkeble ebekwe. Lapho-ke ithangi elingenacala lokuphendula ngensimbi liyakhishwa ku-7pa bese lishisa. Lapho amazinga okushisa efinyelela ku-1000 ℃, kugcinwa isikhathi esithile ukuvumela i-Hocl3I-Vapor ne-Lithium Vapor ukuze usabele ngokuphelele, futhi izinhlayiya zensimbi ezincishisiwe ze-holmium eziqinile ziwela ezibucayi. Ngemuva kokuqedwa kokusabela kokuncipha, kuphela okubangelwa okuphansi kuyafudunyezwa ukuze kuncishiswe i-licl ungene e-Upper Escrucible. Inqubo yokusabela ukulungiswa ngokuvamile ithatha cishe i-10h. Ukuze ukhiqize i-halmium ye-purer metallic, i-agent metallic lithium kufanele ibe ngu-99.97% purnity lithineity futhi i-anhydrous hocl3 kufanele isetshenziswe.

 

5. Izicelo zeHalmium
(1) esetshenziswe njengesengezo samalambu wensimbi wensimbi. Izibani zeMetal Halide ziwuhlobo lwesibani sokukhipha igesi sakhiwe ngesisekelo samalambu we-mercury aphezulu. Isimo sabo ukuthi ama-bulbs agcwele ama-halide ahlukahlukene omhlaba. Okuyinhloko okusetshenzisiwe yi-Iodides yaseMhlabeni engavamile, ekhipha imibala ehlukene yokubuka lapho igesi ikhishwa. Into esebenzayo esetshenziswe kumalambu e-Holmium yi-Holmium iodide, engathola ukugcwala okuphezulu kwama-athomu wensimbi endaweni ye-arc, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwemisebe.
(2) IHolmium ingasetshenziswa njengesengezo se-ytttrium iron noma i-yttrium aluminium garnet;
(3) IHolmium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (ho: yag) ingakhipha ama-2μm ama-lasers. Izinga lokutholwa kwama-2μm ama-lasers ngezicubu zomuntu liphezulu, cishe ama-oda ama-3 wobukhulu obuphakeme kunaleso se-HD: i-yag. Ngakho-ke, lapho usebenzisa iHo: Ama-Lag Lasers ukuhlinzwa kwezokwelapha, akunakuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokunemba kuphela kokuhlinzwa, kepha futhi anciphise indawo yokulimala okushisayo ibe ngosayizi omncane. Ugongolo lwamahhala olukhiqizwe yiHolmium Crystal lungasusa amafutha ngaphandle kokukhiqiza ukushisa ngokweqile, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ukulimala okushisayo kwezicubu ezinempilo. Kubikwa ukuthi i-United States isebenzisa i-Holmium Laser ukuphatha ama-glaucoma, anganciphisa izinhlungu zokuhlinzwa ezigulini. Izinga leChina 2μm Laser Crystal lifinyelele ezingeni lomhlaba wonke, futhi kufanele sikhule ngamandla futhi sikhiqize lolu hlobo lwe-Laser Crystal.
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IHolmium Laser ukusetshenziswa kweHalmium Laser ilethe ukuphathwa kwamatshe okuchabina kuya ezingeni elisha. IHolmium Laser ine-wavelength ka-2.1μm futhi iyi-laser edwebekile. Kuyinto yakamuva yama-lasers amaningi asetshenziswa ekuhlinzwa. Amandla akhiqizwayo angavimba amanzi phakathi kokuphela kwe-fiber optical kanye netshe, akha ama-bubble amancane, bese edlulisa amandla etsheni, echoboza itshe libe yimpuphu. Amanzi amunca amandla amaningi, anciphisa ukulimala kwezicubu ezizungezile. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukujula kokungena kwe-holmium laser kuzicubu zabantu kujulile, ngu-0.38mm kuphela. Ngakho-ke, lapho kuchithwa amatshe, ukulimala kwezicubu ezizungezile kungancishiswa, futhi ukuphepha kuphakeme kakhulu.
IHolmium Laser LithoTripsy Technology: I-Meech Holmium Laser LithoTripsy, elungele amatshe ezinso ezinzima, amatshe ama-ureteral namatshe amnyama angenakuphulwa yi-extracorporporopeal shock wave lithodripsy. Lapho usebenzisa i-Holmium Laser Lithodripsy, i-Fire Optical fiber ye-Medical Holmium Laser idlula nge-urethra ne-uretoscope ngosizo lwe-cystoscope kanye namatshe ama-urologible ukufinyelela amatshe e-holmium ukuphula amatshe. Inzuzo yale ndlela yokwelashwa ukuthi ingaxazulula amatshe e-ureteral, amatshe amnyama namatshe amaningi ezinso. Okubi yilokho kumatshe athile angenhla emakholini aphezulu nangaphansi wezinso, inani elincane lamatshe azosala ngoba i-holmium laser fiber engena kwi-ureter ayikwazi ukufinyelela esizeni samatshe.
IHolmium Laser uhlobo olusha lwe-laser olukhiqizwa yidivaysi ye-laser eqinile eyenziwe nge-laser crystal (CR: TM: i-activation aluminium garnet (i-aud e-activation ions chromium (CR), i-Energy Transfer Ion Thulium (TM) kanye nokwenza i-Ion Holmium (HO). Ingasetshenziswa ngokuhlinzwa eminyangweni efana ne-urology, ent, i-dermatology, ne-gynecology. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kwe-laser akuhlaseli noma ukuhlanya okuncane futhi isiguli sizothola izinhlungu ezincane kakhulu ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Isikhathi sePosi: Nov-14-2024