I-Barium iyingxenye ye-alkaline yomhlaba yensimbi, ingxenye yesithupha yezikhathi ezithile yeqembu IIA kuthebula le-periodic, kanye ne-elementi esebenzayo kunsimbi yomhlaba ene-alkali.
1. Ukusatshalaliswa kokuqukethwe
I-Barium, njengezinye izinsimbi zomhlaba ezine-alkaline, isakazwa yonke indawo emhlabeni: okuqukethwe kuqweqwe olungaphezulu ngu-0.026%, kuyilapho inani elijwayelekile kuqweqwe lingu-0.022%. I-Barium ikakhulukazi ikhona ngesimo se-barite, i-sulfate noma i-carbonate.
Amaminerali amakhulu e-barium emvelweni yi-barite (BaSO4) kanye ne-witherite (BaCO3). Amadiphozithi eBarite asatshalaliswa kabanzi, anediphozithi enkulu eHunan, Guangxi, Shandong nakwezinye izindawo eChina.
2. Inkambu yohlelo lokusebenza
1. Ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni
Isetshenziselwa ukwenza usawoti we-barium, ama-alloys, iziqhumane, iziqhumane ze-nuclear, njll. Futhi iyi-deoxidizer enhle kakhulu yokucwenga ithusi.
Isetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-alloys, njengokuhola, i-calcium, i-magnesium, i-sodium, i-lithium, i-aluminium ne-nickel.
Insimbi ye-bariumingasetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokukhipha umoya yokukhipha amagesi okulandela umkhondo kumashubhu e-vacuum namashubhu ezithombe, kanye ne-ejenti yokukhipha umoya yokucwenga izinsimbi.
I-barium nitrate exutshwe ne-potassium chlorate, i-magnesium powder kanye ne-rosin ingasetshenziswa ukwenza amabhomu esignali kanye neziqhumane.
Izinhlanganisela ze-barium ezincibilikayo zivame ukusetshenziswa njengezibulala-zinambuzane, njenge-barium chloride, ukulawula izinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane zezitshalo.
Ingase futhi isetshenziselwe ukucwenga i-brine namanzi abhayela ukukhiqizwa kwe-electrolytic caustic soda.
Ibuye isetshenziselwe ukulungisa ama-pigments. Izimboni zendwangu nezesikhumba zisetshenziswa njenge-mordant kanye ne-rayon matting agent.
2. Ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha
I-Barium sulfate iyisidakamizwa esisizayo sokuhlolwa kwe-X-ray. Impushana emhlophe engenaphunga nephunga, enganikeza umehluko omuhle emzimbeni ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-X-ray. I-medical barium sulfate ayimuncwanga emgudwini wamathumbu futhi ayinakho ukungezwani komzimba. Ayiqukethe izinhlanganisela ze-barium ezincibilikayo njenge-barium chloride, i-barium sulfide ne-barium carbonate. Isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi i-radiography yamathumbu futhi ngezikhathi ezithile ngezinye izinjongo.
3,Indlela yokulungiselela
Embonini, ukulungiswa kwensimbi ye-barium kuhlukaniswe ngezinyathelo ezimbili: ukulungiswa kwe-barium oxide kanye nokunciphisa ukushisa kwensimbi (ukunciphisa i-aluminothermic).
Ku-1000 ~ 1200 ℃, lokhu kusabela okubili kungakhiqiza kuphela inani elincane le-barium. Ngakho-ke, ipompo ye-vacuum kufanele isetshenziselwe ukudlulisa ngokuqhubekayo umhwamuko we-barium usuka endaweni yokusabela ukuya endaweni ye-condensation ukuze ukusabela kuqhubeke kuqhubeke kwesokudla. Okusele ngemva kokusabela kunobuthi futhi kungalahlwa kuphela ngemva kokwelashwa.
4,Izinyathelo zokuphepha
1. Izingozi zempilo
I-Barium ayiyona into ebalulekile kubantu, kodwa iyinto enobuthi. Ukudla izinhlanganisela ze-barium ezincibilikayo kuzodala ubuthi be-barium. Uma sicabanga ukuthi isisindo esijwayelekile somuntu omdala singama-70kg, inani eliphelele le-barium emzimbeni wakhe lilinganiselwa ku-16mg. Ngemuva kokuthatha usawoti we-barium ngephutha, uzoncibilika ngamanzi ne-asidi yesisu, okuye kwaholela ezenzakalweni eziningi ezinobuthi kanye nokufa kwabanye.
Izimpawu ze-acute barium salt poisoning: i-barium salt poisoning ibonakala ngokuyinhloko njengokucasuka kwamathumbu kanye nesifo se-hypokalemia, njengesicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ubuhlungu besisu, isifo sohudo, i-quadriplegia, ukubandakanyeka kwe-myocardial, ukukhubazeka kwemisipha yokuphefumula, njll. izimpawu ze-gastrointestinal ezifana nokuhlanza, ubuhlungu besisu, isifo sohudo, njll., futhi axilongwa kalula njengoshevu wokudla esimweni sezifo ezihlangene, kanye ne-acute gastroenteritis esimweni sesifo esisodwa.
2. Ukuvimbela izingozi
Ukuvuza ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo
Hlukanisa indawo engcolile futhi ubeke umkhawulo ekufinyeleleni. Sika umthombo wokushisa. Kutuswa ukuthi abasebenzi bezokwelashwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo bagqoke imaski yothuli eyisihlungi nempahla yokuvikela umlilo. Ungaxhumani nokuvuza ngokuqondile. Ukuvuza okuncane: gwema ukuphakamisa uthuli futhi uluqoqe esitsheni esomile, esihlanzekile nesimbozwe ngefosholo elihlanzekile. Dlulisa ukugaywa kabusha. Inani elikhulu lokuvuza: mboza ngendwangu yepulasitiki kanye neseyili ukuze unciphise ukundiza. Sebenzisa amathuluzi angeyona inhlansi ukuze udlulise futhi ugaywe kabusha.
3. Izinyathelo zokuzivikela
Ukuvikelwa kwesistimu yokuphefumula: Ngokuvamile, asikho isivikelo esikhethekile esidingekayo, kodwa kuyanconywa ukuthi ugqoke imaskhi yothuli yokuhlunga ezizimele ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhethekile.
Ukuvikela iso: gqoka izibuko zokuphepha zamakhemikhali.
Ukuvikela umzimba: gqoka izingubo ezivikela amakhemikhali.
Ukuvikela isandla: gqoka amagilavu enjoloba.
Abanye: Akuvunyelwe ukubhema endaweni yomsebenzi. Naka inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu.
5, Isitoreji kanye nezinto zokuhamba
Gcina endaweni epholile nengena umoya. Gcina kude nemithombo yokushisa neyokushisa. Umswakama ohlobene ugcinwa ungaphansi kwama-75%. Iphakheji izovalwa futhi ngeke ixhumane nomoya. Kufanele igcinwe ngokuhlukana nama-oxidants, ama-asidi, ama-alkali, njll., futhi akufanele ixutshwe. Kuzokwamukelwa izibani ezingaqhumi futhi zokungenisa umoya. Akuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa imishini namathuluzi alula ukukhiqiza izinhlansi. Indawo yokugcina kufanele ifakwe izinto ezifanele ukuqukatha ukuvuza.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-13-2023