Umhlaba ongavamile usetshenziswa kakhulu kwezolimo, izimboni, ezempi nezinye izimboni, uwusekelo olubalulekile ekwakhiweni kwezinto ezintsha, kodwa futhi ubudlelwano phakathi kokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokuvikela obusezingeni eliphezulu kwezinsiza ezibalulekile, ezaziwa ngokuthi “umhlaba wabo bonke.” Izwe laseShayina lingumkhiqizi omkhulu, ukuthekelisa kanye nomthengi wezimbiwa phansi eziyivelakancane emhlabeni, futhi njengoba kukhula ukubaluleka kwesikhundla somhlaba ongavamile emnothweni wezwe, i-aerospace kanye namasu okuvikela izwe, izinga eliphezulu lemboni yomhlaba eyivelakancane seliyinkinga enkulu okwamanje.
ukwakhiwa kwentuthuko enengqondo, ukukhiqizwa okuhlelekile, ukusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezesayensi nezobuchwepheshe, ukuthuthukiswa okuhlanganyelwe kwephethini entsha yemboni yomhlaba eyivelakancane kuyindlela yesikhathi esizayo yentuthuko. Kusukela ngo-2019, ukuze kuqiniswe izinga lokwakhiwa kwemakethe yomhlaba engavamile, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-China yomhlaba ongavamile njalo.
NgoJanuwari 4, 2019, uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi kanye nezinye izinkonzo eziyi-12 bakhiphe Isaziso Sokuqiniswa Okuqhubekayo Kokuhleleka Embonini Yomhlaba Engavamile, okokuqala ngqa kwasungulwa indlela yokuhlola ehlangene yeminyango eminingi, futhi kwenziwa ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kanye ngonyaka ukuze kuthweswe icala ngokwephulwa kwemithetho neziqondiso, okusho ukuthi kufakwe ngokusemthethweni ukulungiswa komhlaba okungavamile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, Isaziso futhi mayelana nezidingo zamaqembu omhlaba angavamile kanye nezinhlangano zabaxhumanisi, indlela yokuqondisa ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu yemboni kanye nezinye izici zokuqaliswa okucacile okuqhubekayo, ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo okunempilo kwemboni yomhlaba engavamile kuzodlala umthelela omkhulu.
Ngomhla zizi-4-5 kuNhlangulana wezi-2019, Ikhomishana Kazwelonke Yokuthuthukiswa Nezinguquko yabamba imihlangano emithathu ngemboni yomhlaba ongavamile. Lo mhlangano ubuhanjelwe ochwepheshe bezimboni, amabhizinisi angavamile emhlabeni kanye neminyango enekhono lemvelaphi, ebandakanya izindaba ezibalulekile ezifana nokuvikelwa kwemvelo engavamile yomhlaba, uchungechunge lwemboni yabamnyama abayivelakancane, intuthuko egxile kakhulu emhlabeni kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu. Kulo mhlangano, umkhulumeli weKhomishini Yentuthuko Kazwelonke Nezinguquko uMeng Wei uthe iKhomishana Kazwelonke Yezokuthuthukiswa Nezinguquko isebenza neminyango efanele ukuqoqa imibono neziphakamiso eziqoqwe kuma-symposium amathathu, futhi izoba ngesisekelo socwaningo olujulile kanye nokuboniswa kwesayensi, futhi sifunda ngokuphuthumayo futhi sethule izinyathelo ezifanele zenqubomgomo, Kufanele sinikeze ukudlala okugcwele emhlabeni njengenani elikhethekile lezinsiza ezingavamile.
Abangaphakathi embonini bakholelwa ukuthi imboni yomhlaba engavamile izoba nokunye ukukhuthazwa kwenqubomgomo, ukuhlolwa kwemvelo, ukuqinisekiswa kwezinkomba kanye nokugcinwa kwamasu futhi uchungechunge lwezinqubomgomo luzokhishwa ngokujulile, ukukhuthaza ukufezeka kwesakhiwo sezimboni zomhlaba eziyivelakancane esinengqondo, esithuthukisiwe sesayensi nezobuchwepheshe, ukuvikelwa okuphumelelayo kwezinsiza, ukukhiqizwa okuhlelekile nokusebenza kwephethini yokuthuthukiswa kwemboni, futhi ukudlala ngempumelelo inani elikhethekile lemithombo yomhlaba engavamile njengamasu.
NgoSepthemba 20, 2019, umbiko we-China Rare Earth Industry Climate Index ka-2019 (“Umbiko”) ukhishwe ngokusemthethweni, ulungiswe ngokuhlanganyela yi-China Economic Information Agency kanye ne-Baotou Rare Earth Products Exchange. Engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka wezi-2019, inkomba yesimo sezulu semboni yezomhlaba yaseChina ime kumaphuzu ayi-123.55, ebangeni “lokuthuthuka,” kusho umbiko. Lokho kukhuphuke ngamaphesenti angama-22.22 ukusuka kunkomba yangonyaka odlule engu-101.08. Imboni yomhlaba engavamile ibilokhu iphansi ezinyangeni ezine zokuqala, iphinde ikhule kakhulu kusukela maphakathi noMeyi, lapho inkomba yentengo ikhuphuka ngamaphesenti angama-20.09. Izimayini zomhlaba ezingavamile zaseChina nokuncibilikiswa kwazo yikho okukhonyayo emhlabeni, ngokusho kombiko. Ngonyaka odlule, umhlaba wakhiqiza amathani ayi-170,000 ezimbiwa phansi eziyivelakancane kanti iChina yakhiqiza amathani ayi-120,000, noma u-71%. Ngenxa yokuthi ubuchwepheshe baseShayina bokuhlukanisa ukuncibilika buhamba phambili emhlabeni futhi bubiza kancane, ngisho noma kunemithombo yomhlaba eyivelakancane phesheya, imayini yomhlaba engavamile embiwayo kuyodingeka idlule ekucutshungulweni kweChina ngaphambi kokucubungula okujulile.
Ingqikithi yokuthunyelwa kwe-China yomhlaba ongavamile iphelele kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.6 ezinyangeni eziyi-10 zokuqala zika-2019, yehle ngamaphesenti angu-6.9 isuka ku-2.79 billion wama-yuan ngonyaka odlule, ngokusho kwedatha yohwebo lwangaphandle evela kumasiko aseShayina. Amasethi amabili edatha akhombisa ukuthi ezinyangeni eziyishumi zokuqala zalo nyaka, ukuthunyelwa kweChina komhlaba ongavamile kwehle ngamaphesenti angu-7.9, kanti ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kwehle ngamaphesenti angu-6.9, okusho ukuthi intengo yokuthunyelwa kwe-China yomhlaba ongavamile iqoqwe kusukela ngonyaka odlule.
Ukuthunyelwa kwezwe laseShayina kwamazwe angaphandle komhlaba ongavamile kwehlile, kodwa ngenxa yesidingo esikhulayo semihlaba engavamile, isikhombisi sonyaka saseShayina sonyaka sokulawula imayini eyivelakancane sifinyelele ekulawuleni okuphelele kwezimayini ezinkulu eziyisithupha zezikhombi zokulawula umhlaba ezingavamile amathani ayi-132,000. Uhlangothi lokunikezela, ukunikezwa okuningi, abanye abathengisi behlisa amanani, isidingo, ama-oda awami kahle njengoba bekulindelekile, ngakho-ke ukuthengwa kwama-oda akuningi, inani elincane lokugcwaliswa ngokwesidingo, umthamo wangempela uncane. Ngenxa yezisekelo zokuhlinzeka nokufunwa, kulindeleke ukuthi ukusebenza kwesikhashana kuzohlala kubuthakathaka futhi kuzinzile.
Ukushaqeka kwentengo yemakethe yomhlaba okungavamile kuhlala okuhlobene nabahloli bokuvikelwa kwemvelo ezweni lonke, ukukhiqizwa komhlaba okungajwayelekile kunezici ezikhethekile, ikakhulukazi eminye imikhiqizo inobungozi bemisebe yenza ukugadwa kokuvikelwa kwemvelo kuqiniswe. Amabhizinisi ensimbi kanye nezansi nomfula amabhizinisi anozibuthe athenga buthaka, okuhambisana nezintengo zomhlaba ezingavamile eziphansi kunesikhathi esidlule, isimo sokulinda nokubona sinamandla, ngaphansi kokuvikelwa okuqinile kwemvelo, inani lezifundazwe ezingavamile ukuhlukanisa amabhizinisi amisiwe, okuholela emakethe ye-oxide yomhlaba engavamile ngokuvamile, ikakhulukazi amanye ama-oxide omhlaba avamile, ukwehla kwentengo yomhlaba kuyinto evamile, ukwehla kwentengo yomhlaba kuyivelakancane.
Izici zomhlaba ezingavamile ezimaphakathi ezisindayo, ukuvulwa komngcele weChina-Myanmar, ngemuva kokuthi imakethe ingaqinisekile, ukunikezwa kwasekhaya kuyanda, ukuze ingqondo yabathengisi abakhuphuka nomfula ingazinzile, abathengisi abazansi nomfula bathenga ngokucophelela izimpahla, ukwehla kokuthengiselana jikelele. Imikhiqizo eyinhloko ye-oxide ngokuyinhloko iwa, isidingo esingaphansi komfula sincane, kunzima ukwakha ukusekelwa kwentengo;
Umhlaba okhanyayo ongavamile, izintengo ze-radon oxide kuqala zehla bese zizinzile, ezansi nomfula kuphela amanye amabhizinisi ngokwesidingo sokuthengwa kwempahla, ukuthengiselana kwangempela akukuningi, intengo yokuthengiselana iyaqhubeka nokwehla. Nokho, by the Sichuan ngokuhlukana amabhizinisi ukuyeka ukukhiqizwa, magnetic material amabhizinisi esiteji replenishment nezinye izici, abathengisi ezansi nomfula bacabanga ukuthi emakethe emva oxidizing radon ukwehla isikhala silinganiselwe, waqala ukugcwalisa yokusungula, imakethe eziphansi supply encishisiwe, kulindeleke ukuba ngcono transaction esizayo.
Umkhuba wamanani ezimakethe zomhlaba ezingavamile ngo-2019 ubonisa "i-polarization", kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezwe kwemboni yomhlaba engavamile kuya ngokuya kuba bucayi kakhulu, imboni ibhekene nobuhlungu, kodwa ngokunyuka kwevolumu yezimayini zomhlaba ezingavamile kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla ngokushesha futhi ngokushesha, ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yomhlaba engavamile kulindeleke ukuba kuthuthuke, imakethe yomhlabathi izoba sezingeni eliphakeme noma i-Domestic 202. imakethe yomhlaba engavamile izophinde ithintwe intengo yamazinga ahlukene aphezulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-04-2022