Muva nje, i-apple imemezele ukuthi izosebenza kabusha Izinto Zomhlaba Ezingavamileemikhiqizweni yayo futhi usethe uhlelo oluthile: ngo-2025, inkampani izofeza ukusetshenziswa kwe-cobalt esetshenziswe kabusha ngo-100% kuwo wonke amabhethri aklanyelwe ama-apula; Ama-magnets kwimishini yomkhiqizo nawo azokwenziwa ngokuphelele ngezinto zokwakha zomhlaba ezingandile.
Njengomhlaba ongavamile wokusetshenziswa okukhulu kakhulu kwemikhiqizo ye-Apple, i-NDFEB inomkhiqizo ophakeme wamandla we-magnetic (okungukuthi, umthamo omncane ongagcina amandla amakhulu), angabhekana nokuphishekela okuncane kanye nokungasindi kwe-elekthronikhi yabathengi. Izicelo ezingcingo eziphathwayo zikhonjiswa ikakhulu ezingxenyeni ezimbili: Iselula Viving Motors kanye nezakhi ezincane ze-Electro Acoustic. I-Smartphone ngayinye idinga cishe i-2.5g ye-neodymium iron boron impahla.
Abangena ngaphakathi kwemboni bathi ama-25% kuya ku-30% wemfucumfucu onqenqemeni elenzelwe inqubo yokukhiqiza yeNeodymium Iron Boron Magnetic Magnetic, kanye ne-motors yezobuthe bomhlaba kanye nama-motors okuvuselelwa kabusha komhlaba. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo efanayo kusuka ku-ore eluhlaza, ukusetshenziswa kabusha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemfucuza yoMhlaba engavamile kunezinzuzo eziningi, njengezindleko ezifinyeziwe, ukungcoliswa kwezimali okuncishisiwe, nokuvikelwa okusebenzayo kwezinsiza zomhlaba ezingavamile. Futhi wonke amathani atholakele i-praneodymium neodymium oxide alingana nezimayini amathani ayi-10000 omhlaba we-Ion ore noma amathani ayi-5 omhlaba ongavamile.
Ukuphinda usebenzise kabusha kanye nokusebenzisa kabusha izinto zomhlaba ezingafaniyo sekuyindlela ebalulekile yokusekelwa kwezinto zokwenziwa komhlaba ezingavamile. Ngenxa yokuthi izinsiza ezingejwayelekile zomhlaba ziwuhlobo olukhethekile lwensiza, ukuphinda usebenzise kabusha kanye nokusebenzisa kabusha izinsiza zomhlaba ezingavamile kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokonga izinsiza futhi zivikele ukungcoliswa. Kuyisidingo esiphuthumayo futhi nokukhethwa okungenakugwenywa ekuthuthukisweni komphakathi. Eminyakeni yamuva, iChina iye yaqinisa ngokuqhubekayo ukuphathwa kwentokozo yonke yezimboni emkhakheni womhlaba ongandile, kuyilapho ikhuthaza amabhizinisi asezingeni eliphakeme ukuba asebenze kabusha izinsizakusebenza zamabanga aphansi.
NgoJuni 2012, ihhovisi loMkhandlu wombuso likhiphe i- "White Paper ngesimo semihlaba engandile eChina", okushiwo ngokusobala ukuthi uMbuso ugqugquzela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo ezikhethekile, ukwelashwa, ukwehlukana kanye nokuhlanzwa kwezinto zodoti zomhlaba ezingavamile. Ucwaningo lugxile ekusetshenzisweni kwe-Rare Earth Pormetallurworting usawoti, i-slag, ingalawuleki yomhlaba waphakade wezilonda, futhi uchithe imithombo ye-nickel hydrogents, uchithe imithombo yama-fluregents yaseMhlabeni, uchithe umhlaba onqabileyo onjengezinto ezinqabile zomhlaba ezifana ne-powder yomhlaba.
Ngokuthuthuka okunamandla komkhakha womhlaba waseChina omhlaba omhlaba waseChina, inani elikhulu lezinto zokwakha umhlaba ezingandile kanye nokucutshungulwa kwemfucuza kunenani elikhulu kakhulu lokuphinda usebenzise kabusha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iminyango efanelekile isebenza ngenkuthalo yokucwaninga ngezimakethe zezimpahla zasekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, ihlaziye indawo engavamile yomhlaba izinsizakusebenza ekuhlinzekweni kwezinsizakusebenza zomhlaba ezingandile eChina nakwamanye amazwe, futhi yakha izindlela ezihambisanayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amabhizinisi omhlaba angavamile aqinisile ukucwaninga kwawo kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nentuthuko, athola ukuqonda okuningiliziwe kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba wonke wokuvuselela kabusha izinsizakusebenza ubuchwepheshe, obuhlolisisiwe futhi obuthuthukise ubuchwepheshe obufanele bokuvikelwa kabusha kwezomnotho nakwezemvelo, futhi wathuthukisa imikhiqizo ephezulu yokuvuselela kabusha kanye nokusebenzisa kabusha imihlaba engavamile.
Ngo-2022, ingxenye ye-recycledPrathedymium neodymiumUkukhiqizwa eChina kufinyelele kuma-42% omthombo we-praneodymium neodymium Metal. Ngokwezibalo ezifanele, ukukhiqizwa kweNeodymium Iron SORON SCATE eChina kufinyelele kumathani angama-53000 ngonyaka owedlule, ukwenyuka konyaka ocishe kube ngu-10%. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo efanayo kusuka ku-ore eluhlaza, ukusetshenziswa kabusha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemfucuza yoMhlaba ongavamile kunezinzuzo eziningi: ukuncishiswa kwezinsizakusebenza, ukungcoliswa kwezinsizakusebenza zemvelo, nokuvikelwa okusebenzayo kwezinsizakusebenza zomhlaba ezivamile zomhlaba.
Ngokumelene ne-backrop yokulawula kuzwelonke ngaphezulu kokukhiqizwa komhlaba okungavamile nokukhiqizwa okuphansi komhlaba emhlabeni ongavamile, imakethe izokhiqiza isidingo esithe xaxa sokuvuselelwa kabusha komhlaba. Kodwa-ke, njengamanje, kusekhona amabhizinisi amancane okukhiqiza eChina abuye asebenze futhi asebenzise kabusha izinto zomhlaba ezingandile, izinto zodwa eziluhlaza, imikhiqizo ephansi, nokusekelwa kwenqubomgomo okungase kwenziwe kahle. Njengamanje, kuphuthumayo ukuba izwe lifezeke ngamandla nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwezinsizakusebenza zomhlaba ezingandile ngaphansi kokuqondisa komthombo womhlaba ongandile kanye "nokusetshenziswa kahle kanye nokusebenza okuhlukile ekuthuthukisweni okuphezulu komnotho waseChina.
Isikhathi sePosi: Meyi-06-2023