Okwamanje,Umhlaba ongavamileIzinto zisetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezimbili ezinkulu: ngokwesiko naku-High-Tech. Kuhlelo lokusebenza lwendabuko, ngenxa yomsebenzi ophakeme wezinsimbi zomhlaba ezingandile, zingahlanza ezinye izinsimbi futhi zisetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yensimbi. Ukungeza umhlaba ongekho oxides wensimbi yokushaya kungasusa ukungcola okufana ne-arsenic, antimony, i-njuluth, icindezelwe ngamapuleti wensimbi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Izinto zomhlaba ezingavamile zinomsebenzi ophakeme we-caslytic futhi zisetshenziswa njengama-catalytic araly agents for petroleum eqhekeka emkhakheni kaphethiloli ukuze athuthukise isivuno samafutha akhanyayo. Imihlaba engavamile nayo isetshenziswa njengezihlanzayo ze-catalytic zokuphela kwezimoto, abashayeli bezimoto, ababambezeli bepulasitiki, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali efana nerabhaniwe, ngoboya bokufakelwa kanye ne-nylon. Sisebenzisa umsebenzi wamakhemikhali kanye nomsebenzi wokufaka imibala we-Ionic wezinto zomhlaba ezingandile, zisetshenziswa ezimbonini ze-ceramic kanye ne-ceramic izimboni zokucaciswa kwengilazi, okuphoqelela, ukudaya, ukuhlobisa, nemibala ye-ceramic. Ngokokuqala ngqa eChina, imihlaba engavamile isetshenzisiwe kwezolimo njengezinto ezilandelwayo kumanyolo ohlanganisiwe, ukukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo. Ku-Izicelo Zendabuko, izinto ze-Cereum Group Rre Earth Elements zisetshenziswa kakhulu, zibalwa cishe ama-90% wokusetshenziswa okuphelele kwezinto zomhlaba ezingavamile.
Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zobuchwepheshe obuphakeme, ngenxa yesakhiwo esikhethekile se-elekthronikhiimihlaba engavamile,Izinguquko zazo ezihlukene zamandla kagesi zikhiqiza i-spectra ekhethekile. Ama-oxides weI-YTtrium, iTerbium, ne-EuropiumIsetshenziswa kabanzi njenge-phospors ebomvu kumathelevishini anemibala, izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene zokubonisa, nasekukhiqizweni kwama-powders ama-fluorescent. Ukusetshenziswa kwezakhiwo ezikhethekile zomhlaba ezikhethekile zokwenza ama-super ahlukahlukene we-Super Green, njenge-Samarium Cobalt Green Magnets kanye nama-Needymium Iron Boron Green Magnets, anezinto ezibanzi zohlelo lokusebenza eziphakeme ezinkambu zikagesi, izitimela ze-magness zokuzimela ze-magnetic, namanye ama-optoelectronics. Ingilazi yeLanthanum isetshenziswa kabanzi njengezinto ezibonakalayo zama-lens ahlukahlukene, amalensi, kanye nemicu ye-optical. Ingilazi ye-cerium isetshenziswa njengento yokumelana nemisebe. Ingilazi yeNeodymium kanye ne-YTtrium aluminium garenet rare emhlabeni amakristalu abucayi izinto ezibalulekile ze-aurol.
Embonini ye-elekthronikhi, ubumba obuhlukahlukene ngokufakwa kweneodymium oxide, i-lanthanum oxide, kanye ne-ytttrium oxide zisetshenziswa njengezinto ezahlukahlukene ze-capacitor. Izinsimbi zomhlaba ezingandile zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amabhethri e-nickel hydrogen athuthukile. Embonini yamandla we-athomu, i-yttrium oxide isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izinduku zokulawula izinduku zenuzi. I-alloy evikelekile yokushisa esenziwe nge-cereium group aretic aremements Earth Elements, i-aluminium ne-magnesium isetshenziswa embonini yezindiza e-aerospace ukukhiqiza izingxenye zezindiza, i-spacecraft, imicibisholo engavamile, kepha lesi sici sisesigabeni sokucwaninga kanye nentuthuko.
Izindinganiso zekhwalithi zeI-Rare Earth MetalIzinsizakusebenza zifaka phakathi izici ezimbili: izidingo ezijwayelekile zezimboni zediphozithi yomhlaba engavamile namazinga aphezulu okugxila komhlaba angavamile. Okuqukethwe F, CAO, Tio2, kanye ne-TFE e-Fluorocarbon Certium Ore Gxila kuhlaziywe umphakeli, kepha ngeke isetshenziswe njengesisekelo sokuhlola; Izinga lekhwalithi yokugxilisa okuhlanganisiwe kwe-bastnaesite kanye ne-mazazite kusebenza ekuxhumanisweni okutholakele ngemuva kokuzuzwa. Okuqukethwe okungcolile kwe-P ne-CAO komkhiqizo wokuqala webanga kunikeza idatha kuphela futhi akusetshenziswanga njengesisekelo sokuhlola; I-Monazite grancerte isho ukugxila kwesihlabathi ore ngemuva kokuzuzwa; I-Phosphorus yttrium ore gxila futhi ibhekise ekugxiliseni okutholwe kunzuzo yesihlabathi ore.
Ukuthuthuka nokuvikelwa kwe-Ares Emhlabeni engavamile kubandakanya ubuchwepheshe bokutakula kwe-Ores. I-Flotation, ukuhlukaniswa kwamandla adonsela phansi, ukuhlukaniswa kazibuthe, kanye nokuzuzwa kwenqubo okuhlangene nakho konke kusetshenziselwe ukucebisa kwamaminerali omhlaba angavamile. Izici eziphambili ezithinta ukuvumelanisa zifaka izinhlobo nezinhlobo zezindawo ezivela emhlabeni, isakhiwo, isakhiwo, kanye nezici zokusabalalisa zezimpawu zomzimba zomhlaba ezingavamile, kanye nezinhlobo nezimpawu zamaminerali ama-Gangae. Amasu ahlukahlukene wokuthola usizo kudingeka akhethwe ngokusekelwe ezimweni ezithile.
Ukuzuzwa komhlaba okungu-Are End emhlabeni jikelele kwamukele indlela ye-flotation, evame ukwenziwa ngamandla adonsela phansi kanye nokwahlukana kazibuthe, kwakha inhlanganisela yamandla adonsela phansi, ama-flotation magrenity devation izinqubo zokudonsela phansi. Ama-Rare Earth Plactors agxile kakhulu ngamandla adonsela phansi, anezelwe ukwahlukana kazibuthe, ukugcwala, kanye nokwahlukana kagesi. I-BaiYobo Rare Earth Iron Iron Ore I-Iron Debolia e-Interner Mongolia ikakhulukazi iqukethe i-Monazite ne-Fluorocarbon Certium Ore. Ukugxila komhlaba okungavamile okuqukethe i-60% Reo kungatholwa ngokusebenzisa inqubo ehlangene yokuwathafuza okuhlanganisiwe kwe-flwity deartion flotation. I-Yaniping Rare Earth Deposition, iSichuan ikhiqiza ikakhulukazi i-Fluorocarbon Certium Ore, kanye nomhlaba ongavamile oqukethe i-60% Relo nayo itholakala kusetshenziswa inqubo yokuhlukanisa ukuhlukaniswa kwamandla adonsela phansi. Ukukhethwa kwama-ejenti we-flotation kuyisihluthulelo sempumelelo yendlela ye-flotation yokusebenza kwamaminerali. Amaminerali omhlaba angavamile akhiqizwa yimayini yaseNanshan Haibin Placer eGuangdong ikakhulukazi ama-monazte ne-yttrium phosphate. I-slurry etholwe ekugezekeni kwamanzi adalulwe ngaphansi kokuzuzwa komoya, ilandelwa ukuhlukaniswa kwamandla, ifakwe ukuhlukaniswa kwamandla kazibuthe kanye ne-flotation, ukuthola ukugxila kwe-monazite okuqukethe i-y2osphorite gxila equkethe i-Y2O5 25.35%.
Isikhathi sePosi: APR-28-2023