I-Magical Rare Earce Element Neodymium

I-Bastnaesite

Needymium, Inombolo ye-Atomic 60, isisindo se-athomu 144.24, ngokuqukethwe okungu-0.00239% ku-crust, ikakhulukazi okukhona eMonashite naseBansnaesite. Kunama-isotopes ayisikhombisa weNeodymium ngemvelo:needymium142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 148, no-150, neNeodmium 142 benokuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu. Ngokuzalwa kweI-PraseOdDODYIUMInto,needymiuminto ibuye yavela. Ukufika kweneedymiuminto isebenzeUmhlaba ongavamileinkambu, yadlala indima ebalulekile ku-Umhlaba ongavamileinkambu, futhi yalawulwaUmhlaba ongavamileimakethe.

Ukutholwa kweNeedymium

UKarl von Welsbach (1858-1929), UkutholaNeedymium

Ngo-1885, usokhemisi wase-Austrian Carl Auer von Welsbach watholaneedymiumeVienna. Wahlukanisaneedymiumna-I-PraseOdDODYIUMkusuka ku-symmetricalneedymiumIzinto zokwakha ngokuhlukanisa i-Crystalline Ammonic Diditrate Tetrahydrate kusuka nitric acid, futhi uyihlukanise ngokuhlaziywa kwe-Spectral. Kodwa-ke, kwakungekho kuze kube ngu-1925 ukuthi bahlukaniswe ngefomu elimsulwa.

Kusukela ngo-1950s, ubumsulwa obuphezulu (ngaphezulu kwama-99%)needymiumitholwe ikakhulukazi ngenqubo yokushintshana kwe-Ion. Insimbi ngokwayo itholakala nge-electrolysis kasawoti wayo we-halide. Njengamanje, iningineedymiumIkhishwe e-Bastana Stone (CE, LA, ND, PR) CO3F futhi ihlanzwe ngokukhishwa kwe-solvent. Ukuhlanjululwa kokushintshaniswa kwe-Ion kugcinelwe ukulungiselela ubumsulwa obuphezulu (imvamisa> 99.99%). Ngenxa yobunzima ekususeni iminonjana yokugcina yeI-PraseOdDODYIUMEsikhathini sokukhiqiza ukuthembela kubuchwepheshe bezinyathelo-ngesinyathelo se-crystallization, kusenesikhathineedymiumI-Glass eyenziwe ngawo-1930s yayinomhlanzi ohlanzekile noma i-orange hue ukwedlula izinguqulo zanamuhla.

Metal Metal

Metal MetalIne-luster yensimbi ekhanyayo yesiliva, indawo yokuncibilika ka-1024 ° C, nobuningi be-7.004g / cm ³, ine-paramagnetism.Needymiumingenye esebenza kakhuluizinsimbi zomhlaba ezingandile, osheshe futhi amnyama amnyama emoyeni, akha isendlalelo se-oxide esisuka lapho bese sicisha, siveze insimbi ukuze sisebenzele i-oxidation. Ngakho-ke, i-centimitha yasayizineedymiumIsampula ifakwe ngokuphelele kungakapheli unyaka owodwa. Thatha kancane emanzini abandayo futhi ngokushesha emanzini ashisayo.

NeedymiumIsakhiwo se-elekthronikhi

Isakhiwo se-elekthronikhi:

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3D10 4p6 5S2 4D10 5p6 6s2 4F4

Ukusebenza kwe-laser kweneedymiumkungenxa yoshintsho lwama-elektroni we-4F orbital phakathi kwamazinga ahlukene wamandla. Le mali ye-laser isetshenziswa kabanzi kwezokuxhumana, ukugcinwa kolwazi, ukwelashwa, ukucubungula imishini, nakwamanye amasimu. Phakathi kwazo,yttrium aluminiumI-Garnet Y3Al5o12: ND (YAG: ND) isetshenziselwa kabanzi ukusebenza kwayo okuhle, kanye ne-ND DOPEDigadiki ikhentiyamugallium garnet esebenza kahle.

Ukusetshenziswa kweneedymium 

Umsebenzisi omkhulu kakhulu weneedymiumyi-neodymium iron boron unomphela wezinto zozibuthe. I-Neodymium Iron Boron Magnets inomkhiqizo ophakeme wamandla kazibuthe futhi yaziwa ngokuthi "inkosi yama-megrets wanaphakade". Zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini ezinjenge-elekthronikhi kanye nemishini ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo okuhle. Udonga lukaFrancis, uprofesa wokusebenzisa izimayini eCumburn School of Exining e-University of Exeter e-UK, uthe: "Kungekho mncintiswano wangempelaneedymium. " Ukuthuthukiswa okuphumelelayo kwe-Alpha Polyrometer Maka amamaki ahlukahlukene kazibuthe aseChina ama-neodymium iron boron magnets afinyelele amazinga ekilasi lomhlaba.

I-Neodymium Magnet ku-hard disk

NeedymiumIngasetshenziswa ukwenza ama-ceramics, ingilazi ebubende elikhanyayo, ama-rubies okufakelwa eLasers, nengilazi ekhethekile engahlunga imisebe ye-infrared. Isetshenziswe kanyeI-PraseOdDODYIUMukwenza ama-goggles abasebenzi bengilazi baqhume.

Ukungeza 1.5% kuya ku-2,5% nanoneodymium oxideKu-Magnesium noma i-Aluminium Alloys ingathuthukisa ukusebenza okushisa kakhulu, i-Aortight, kanye nokuphikiswa kokugqwala kwe-alloy, futhi kusetshenziswa kabanzi njengento ebonakalayo e-aerospace.

Nanometeryttrium aluminiumI-Garnet idonswe ngeneodymium oxideIkhiqiza imishayo ye-laser yama-waser amafushane, esetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yokufudumala nokusika izinto ezincanyana ezinobukhulu obungaphansi kwe-10mm.

I-ND: I-Yag Laser Rod

Ekusebenzeni kwezokwelapha, nanoyttrium aluminiumAma-Lasers we-Garnet adonswa nge-nanoUkuhlanzeka okuphezulu 99.9% neodymium oxide cas no 1313-97-9 (EPOMORITE.com)zisetshenziswa esikhundleni semimese yokuhlinza ukususa amanxeba okuvimbela amagciwane.

NeedymiumIngilazi yenziwa ngokunezelaneodymium oxideengilazini kuyancipha. Imvamisa, i-lavender ivelaneedymiumIngilazi ngaphansi kwelanga noma ukukhanya kwe-incandescent, kepha kubonakala kukhanya okuluhlaza ngaphansi kwezibani ze-fluorescent.NeedymiumIngasetshenziswa ukufaka imibala yezithunzi ezintekenteke ezifana ne-violet emsulwa, i-burgundy, nempunga efudumele.

Needymiumekhanyayo

Ngokuthuthukiswa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe kanye nokwanda nokwandiswa kobuchwepheshe bomhlaba ongavamile,needymiumuzoba nendawo ebanzi yokusetshenziswa.