Ngenxa yokuhlinzekwa kwezinto ezinikezela ngezinkinga zezemvelo, uMnyango weTesla's PowerTrain usebenza kanzima ukususa izibalo zomhlaba ezingandile ezivela kuma-motors futhi ufuna ezinye izixazululo.
UTesla akakasunguli impahla entsha kazibuthe, ngakho-ke ingenza ngobuchwepheshe obukhona, okungenzeka basebenzise i-Ferrite eshibhile futhi ekhiqizwa kalula.
Ngokubeka ngokucophelela ama-Ferrite Magnets futhi alungise ezinye izici zomklamo wezimoto, izinkomba eziningi zokusebenza zeUmhlaba ongavamileI-drive motors ingaphindwa. Kulokhu, isisindo semoto sikhuphuka kuphela ngamaphesenti angama-30, angaba umehluko omncane uma kuqhathaniswa nesisindo semoto ephelele.
4. Izinto ezintsha ze-magnet zidinga ukuba nezimpawu ezintathu ezilandelayo eziyisisekelo: 1) Kudingeka babe namazibuthe; 2) Qhubeka ugcine uMagnetism phambi kwamanye amasigncu; 3) Ungamelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu.
Ngokusho kwezindaba zeTencent Technology, umenzi wezimoto zikagesi uTesla useshilo ukuthi izinto zomhlaba ezingandile ngeke zisasetshenziswa kuma-motors emoto, okusho ukuthi onjiniyela bakaTesla kuzofanela basebenzise izixazululo zabo.
Ngenyanga edlule, i-Elon Musk yakhipha "ingxenye yesithathu yohlelo lwe-Master" emcimbini wosuku lweTesla Investor. Phakathi kwazo, kunemininingwane emincane eye yabangela umuzwa emkhakheni we-physics. UColin Campbell, oyisikhulu esiphezulu eMnyangweni Wamandla Wamandla eTesla, umemezele ukuthi iqembu lakhe lisusa imigqa yomhlaba engandile kusuka kuma-motors ngenxa yezinkinga zokuhlinzekwa komhlaba.
Ukufeza le nhloso, uCampbell wethule ama-slides amabili ahilela izinto ezintathu ezingaqondakali ezibhalwe ngobuhlakani njengezinto ezingavamile emhlabeni, lapho umhlaba wokuqala owumele, lapho umhlaba onqabile uvame ukuvela enkampanini engxenyeni ngayinye yamagremu. Kwisilayidi sesibili, ukusetshenziswa kwazo zonke izinto zomhlaba ezingavamile kuncishisiwe ku-zero.
Kuma-magnetologists afunda amandla omlingo akhiqizwe ukunyakaza nge-elekthronikhi ngezinto ezithile, ubunikazi bomhlaba obungavamile 1 buyabonakala kalula, okuyi-neodymium. Uma kungezwe ezintweni ezijwayelekile njenge-Iron neBoron, le metal ingasiza ukudala amandla, njalo emandleni kazibuthe. Kepha izinto ezimbalwa zinale mfanelo, futhi nezinto ezimbalwa zomhlaba ezingandile zikhiqiza amasimu kazibuthe ezingahambisa izimoto zeTesla ezinesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu angama-2000, kanye nezinye izinto eziningi ezivela kumarobhothi ezimboni aze afike kumarobhothi ezimboni. Uma uTesla ahlela ukususa i-neodymium nezinye izinto zomhlaba ezingandile kusuka emotweni, yikuphi uzibuthe kuzosebenzisa esikhundleni salokho?
Okodokotela wesayensi, into eyodwa nakanjani: UTesla akazange asungule uhlobo olusha ngokuphelele lwezinto zikamazibuthe. U-Andy Blackburn, IPhini likaMongameli oPhethe likaMongameli we-Niron Magnet, uthe, "eminyakeni engaphezu kwe-100, singaba namathuba ambalwa kuphela okuthola ama-magrets amasha." I-Niron Magnet ingenye yeziqalo ezimbalwa ezizama ukubamba ithuba elilandelayo.
I-Blackburn nabanye bakholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uTesla unqume ukwenza ukwenza ngobude obunamandla kakhulu. Phakathi kwamathuba amaningi, ukhetho olusobala kakhulu yiFerrite: I-Ceramic eyakhiwe ngensimbi ne-oksijini, exutshwe nenani elincane lensimbi efana ne-strontium. Ishibhile futhi kulula ukuyenza, futhi kusukela ngawo-1950s, ama-esiqandisi asemhlabeni wonke akhiqizwa ngale ndlela.
Kepha ngokuya ngevolumu, ubusika beFerrite buyishumi kuphela leshumi le-Needymium Magnets, ephakamisa imibuzo emisha. UTesla CEO Elon Musk ubelokhu owaziwa ngokungahlezi, kepha uma uTesla ezoshintsha eFerrite, kubukeka sengathi kuzokwenziwa izivumelwano ezithile.
Kulula ukukholelwa ukuthi amabhethri anamandla ezimoto zikagesi, kepha empeleni, kungukushayela nge-electromagnetic okushayela izimoto zikagesi. Akukona ngengozi ukuthi zombili izinkampani zeTesla kanye neyunithi kazibuthe "uTesla" ziqanjwe ngumuntu ofanayo. Lapho ama-elektroni ageleza ngamakhoyili emotweni, akhipha inkambu ye-electromagnetic eshayela amandla kazibuthe aphambene, okwenza ishashi lemoto lijikeleze ngamasondo.
Ngamasondo angemuva ezimoto zeTesla, la mabutho anikezwa ama-motors anama-magren ahlala njalo, into eyinqaba enomkhakha wamazibuthe ozinzile futhi akukho okufakwayo kwamanje, ngenxa ye-clever spin yama-athomu azungeze ama-athomu. UTesla waqala kuphela ukwengeza la ma-magnets ezimotweni cishe eminyakeni emihlanu eyedlule, ukuze kwandiswe ububanzi futhi wandise i-torque ngaphandle kokuthuthukisa ibhethri. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, inkampani esetshenzisiwe yokungeniswa komoya okwenziwe nge-electromagnets, ekhiqiza ubuthakathaka ngokudla ugesi. Lawo mamodeli ahlome ama-motors angaphambili asasebenzisa le modi.
Ukuhamba kukaTesla ukuyeka imihlaba engavamile futhi omazibuthe kubonakala kuyinto emangazayo. Izinkampani zezimoto zivame ukukhathazeka ngokusebenza kahle, ikakhulukazi esimweni sezimoto zikagesi, lapho zizama ukuncenga abashayeli ukuba banqobe ukwesaba kwabo. Kepha njengoba abakhiqizi bezimoto baqala ukwandisa isilinganiso sokukhiqiza sezimoto zikagesi, amaphrojekthi amaningi ayekade abhekwe ngaphambili asebenze kahle abuye asebenze kabusha.
Lokhu kuye kwashukumisela abakhiqizi bezimoto, kufaka phakathi iTesla, ukukhiqiza izimoto eziningi besebenzisa amabhethri we-Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP). Uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri aqukethe izinto ezinjenge-cobalt kanye ne-nickel, lezi zinhlobo zivame ukuba nebanga elifushane. Lokhu kungubuchwepheshe obudala obunesisindo esikhulu kanye nesilinganiso esiphansi sokugcina. Njengamanje, imodeli 3 enikwa amandla amandla aphansi ane-272 amakhilomitha angaba ngu-438), ngenkathi amakhilomitha angama-438), ngenkathi imodeli ye-demove efakwe amabhethri athuthukile angafinyelela amakhilomitha angama-640). Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwe-Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery kungaba ukukhetha okunengqondo kwebhizinisi, ngoba kugwema ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibiza kakhulu nangokwezepolitiki.
Kodwa-ke, uTesla akanakwenzeka ukuthi avele athathe isikhundla sokuzibutha ngokuthile okubi kakhulu, okufana noFerrite, ngaphandle kokwenza ezinye izinguquko. I-University of Uppsala physicist alaina Vishna ithe, "Uzophatha uzibuthe omkhulu emotweni yakho. Ngenhlanhla, ama-motors kagesi ayimishini eyinkimbinkimbi enezinye izakhi eziningi ezingahle zihlelwe kabusha ukuze zinciphise umthelela wokusebenzisa ama-magnets abuthakathaka.
Kumamodeli wekhompyutha, amaphrotheni enkampani yezinto ezibonakalayo avele anqume ukuthi izinkomba eziningi zokusebenza ze-Rare Earth Drive Motors zingaphindwa ngokubeka ngokucophelela ama-Ferrite Magnets futhi alungise ezinye izici zomklamo wezimoto. Kulokhu, isisindo semoto sikhuphuka kuphela ngamaphesenti angama-30, angaba umehluko omncane uma kuqhathaniswa nesisindo semoto ephelele.
Ngaphandle kwalezi zinkinga, izinkampani zezimoto zisenezizathu eziningi zokushiya izinto zomhlaba ezingandile, uma nje zingakwenza lokho. Inani lawo wonke amamakethe omhlaba angavamile liyafana nelemakethe yamaqanda e-United States, kanye nezengqondo, izinto zomhlaba ezingandile, zingaguqulwa, zicutshungulwe zaba zizibuthe emhlabeni wonke, kepha empeleni, lezi zinqubo zethula izinselelo eziningi.
Ukuhlaziywa kwamaminerali kanye ne-blogger ethandwayo emhlabeni uThomas Krumer uthe, "Lo ngumkhakha wezigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-10, kepha inani lemikhiqizo elakhiwe ngonyaka ngamunye lisuka ku- $ 2 trillion, okuyi-lever enkulu. Okufanayo kuhamba ngezimoto. Noma ngabe aqukethe amakhilogremu ambalwa kuphela ale nto, abasuse basho ukuthi izimoto azisakwazi ukugijima ngaphandle kokuthi uzimisele ukuhlehlisa kabusha yonke injini
I-United States ne-Europe bazama ukuguqula lokhu kuthengwa. Izimayini zaseCalifornia ezingavamile zomhlaba, ezavalwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21, zisanda kuvulwa kabusha futhi njengamanje zinikeza ngo-15% wezinsizakusebenza zomhlaba ezingandile emhlabeni. E-United States, ama-ejensi kahulumeni (ikakhulukazi uMnyango Wezokuvikela) adinga ukuhlinzeka ngama-magnets anamandla emishini efana nezindiza nama-satellite, futhi anentshiseko ngokutshala imali emakamenini asendlini nasezifundeni ezinjengeJapan naseYurophu. Kepha ngokubheka izindleko, ubuchwepheshe obudingekayo, kanye nezinkinga zemvelo, le yinqubo ehamba kancane engahlala iminyaka eminingana noma ngisho namashumi eminyaka.
Isikhathi sePosi: Meyi-11-2023