Ngenxa yochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla kanye nezindaba zemvelo, umnyango we-powertrain kaTesla usebenza kanzima ukuze ususe izibuthe zomhlaba ezingavamile kumamotho futhi ufuna ezinye izixazululo.
U-Tesla akakaqambi into entsha kazibuthe, ngakho-ke ingahle isebenze ngobuchwepheshe obukhona, okungenzeka ukuthi isebenzisa i-ferrite eshibhile futhi ekhiqizwa kalula.
Ngokubeka ngokucophelela omazibuthe be-ferrite kanye nokulungisa ezinye izici zomklamo wezimoto, izinkomba eziningi zokusebenza zeumhlaba ongavamiledrive motors kungenziwa iphindaphindwe. Kulokhu, isisindo semoto sikhuphuka kuphela ngo-30%, okungase kube umehluko omncane uma kuqhathaniswa nesisindo esiphelele semoto.
4. Izinto zikazibuthe ezintsha zidinga ukuba nalezi zimpawu ezintathu ezilandelayo: 1) zidinga ukuba nozibuthe; 2) Qhubeka nokugcina uzibuthe phambi kwamanye amasimu kazibuthe; 3) Ingakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu.
Ngokusho kwe-Tencent Technology News, umenzi wezimoto zikagesi u-Tesla uthe izakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile ngeke zisasetshenziswa ezimotweni zemoto, okusho ukuthi onjiniyela bakaTesla kuzodingeka bakhulule ngokugcwele ubuhlakani babo ekutholeni ezinye izixazululo.
Ngenyanga edlule, u-Elon Musk ukhiphe "Ingxenye Yesithathu Yohlelo Oluyinhloko" emcimbini we-Tesla Investor Day. Phakathi kwabo, kukhona imininingwane encane eye yabangela umuzwa emkhakheni we-physics. U-Colin Campbell, isikhulu esiphezulu emnyangweni we-powertrain kaTesla, umemezele ukuthi ithimba lakhe lisusa omagnetic bomhlaba abayivelakancane ezimotweni ngenxa yezinkinga ze-supply chain kanye nomthelela omubi obalulekile wokukhiqiza izibuthe zomhlaba eziyivelakancane.
Ukuze afinyelele lo mgomo, uCampbell wethule amaslayidi amabili ahlanganisa izinto ezintathu ezingaqondakali ezibhalwe ngobuhlakani ngokuthi umhlaba ongavamile 1, umhlaba ongavamile 2, nomhlaba ongavamile 3. Isilayidi sokuqala simelela isimo samanje sikaTesla, lapho inani lemihlaba engavamile esetshenziswa inkampani emotweni ngayinye. kusuka kuhhafu wekhilogremu kuya ku-10 amagremu. Esilayidini sesibili, ukusetshenziswa kwazo zonke izakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile kwehliswe kwaba yiziro.
Kochwepheshe bezibuthe abafunda amandla omlingo akhiqizwa ukunyakaza kwe-elekthronikhi ezintweni ezithile, ubunikazi bomhlaba ongavamile 1 bubonakala kalula, okuyi-neodymium. Uma yengezwe ezintweni ezivamile ezifana ne-iron ne-boron, le nsimbi ingasiza ekudaleni indawo eqinile, ehlala isendaweni kazibuthe. Kodwa izinto zokwakha ezimbalwa ezinale khwalithi, futhi izakhi zomhlaba ezimbalwa ezingavamile ezikhiqiza amandla kazibuthe akwazi ukuhambisa izimoto zakwaTesla ezinesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu angu-2000, kanye nezinye izinto eziningi kusukela kumarobhothi ezimboni kuya kumajethi okulwa. Uma u-Tesla ehlela ukususa i-neodymium nezinye izakhi zomhlaba eziyivelakancane kumotho, yimuphi uzibuthe azowusebenzisa esikhundleni?
Kuzazi zefiziksi, into eyodwa eqinisekile: U-Tesla akazange asungule uhlobo olusha ngokuphelele lwezinto ezibonakalayo kazibuthe. U-Andy Blackburn, iPhini Likamongameli Omkhulu Wezamaqhinga kwa-NIron Magnets, uthe, "Eminyakeni engaphezu kwe-100, singase sibe namathuba ambalwa okuthola omazibuthe bebhizinisi abasha." I-NIron Magnets ingesinye seziqalo ezimbalwa ezizama ukubamba ithuba elilandelayo.
UBlackburn nabanye bakholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uTesla uthathe isinqumo sokuzenzela umazibuthe ongenamandla kangako. Phakathi kwamathuba amaningi, ikhandidethi elisobala kakhulu yi-ferrite: i-ceramic eyakhiwe ngensimbi nomoya-mpilo, exutshwe nenani elincane lensimbi njenge-strontium. Ishibhile futhi kulula ukuyikhiqiza, futhi kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1950, iminyango yesiqandisi emhlabeni wonke yenziwe ngale ndlela.
Kodwa ngokwevolumu, i-magnetism ye-ferrite iyingxenye yeshumi kuphela yamagnethi we-neodymium, okuphakamisa imibuzo emisha. Umphathi weTesla u-Elon Musk ubelokhu aziwa ngokungaguquki, kodwa uma uTesla ezoshintshela ku-ferrite, kubonakala sengathi ezinye izimvume kufanele zenziwe.
Kulula ukukholelwa ukuthi amabhethri angamandla ezimoto zikagesi, kodwa empeleni, ukushayela kukazibuthe okushayela izimoto zikagesi. Akuyona into engaqondakali ukuthi kokubili Inkampani ye-Tesla kanye neyunithi yamagnetic "Tesla" iqanjwe ngomuntu ofanayo. Lapho ama-electron egeleza kumakhoyili enjini, akhiqiza insimu kazibuthe kagesi eshayela amandla kazibuthe aphambene, okubangela ukuthi umshini wemoto ujikeleze namasondo.
Ngamasondo angemuva ezimoto ze-Tesla, lawa mandla anikezwa ama-motor anamamagnethi ahlala njalo, into eyinqaba enensimu kazibuthe ezinzile futhi akukho okokufaka kwamanje, ngenxa yobuhlakani bokujikeleza kwama-electron azungeze ama-athomu. U-Tesla waqala ukungeza lezi zidonsa ezimotweni cishe eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, ukuze andise ububanzi futhi andise i-torque ngaphandle kokuthuthukisa ibhethri. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, inkampani ibisebenzisa ama-induction motors akhiqizwa eduze kwama-electromagnets, akhiqiza uzibuthe ngokusebenzisa ugesi. Lezo zinhlobo ezifakwe izinjini zangaphambili zisasebenzisa le modi.
Isinyathelo sikaTesla sokushiya umhlaba ongavamile kanye nozibuthe sibonakala siyinqaba. Izinkampani zezimoto zivame ukuba matasa ngokusebenza kahle, ikakhulukazi ezimotweni ezisebenza ngogesi, lapho zisazama ukunxenxa abashayeli ukuba banqobe ukwesaba kwabo ibanga. Kodwa njengoba abakhiqizi bezimoto beqala ukwandisa izinga lokukhiqizwa kwezimoto zikagesi, amaphrojekthi amaningi ngaphambili abebhekwa njengengasebenzi kahle ayavela kabusha.
Lokhu sekwenze abakhiqizi bezimoto, okuhlanganisa noTesla, ukuthi bakhiqize izimoto eziningi zisebenzisa amabhethri e-lithium iron phosphate (LFP). Uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri aqukethe izinto ezifana ne-cobalt ne-nickel, lawa mamodeli ngokuvamile anebanga elifushane. Lobu ubuchwepheshe obudala obunesisindo esikhulu namandla okugcina aphansi. Njengamanje, iModel 3 enikwe amandla amandla ejubane eliphansi inobubanzi bamamayela angu-272 (cishe amakhilomitha angu-438), kuyilapho iModel S ekude efakwe amabhethri athuthuke kakhulu ingafinyelela kumakhilomitha angu-400 (amakhilomitha angu-640). Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwebhethri ye-lithium iron phosphate kungase kube ukukhetha kwebhizinisi okunengqondo, ngoba kugwema ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibiza kakhulu ngisho neziyingozi zezombusazwe.
Kodwa-ke, uTesla akunakwenzeka ukuthi avele athathe isikhundla sikamazibuthe ngokuthile okubi kakhulu, njenge-ferrite, ngaphandle kokwenza noma yiziphi izinguquko. Isazi sefiziksi saseNyuvesi yase-Uppsala u-Alaina Vishna uthe, “Uzophatha umazibuthe omkhulu emotweni yakho. Ngenhlanhla, izinjini zikagesi ziyimishini eyinkimbinkimbi enezinye izinto eziningi ezingahle zihlelwe kabusha ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wokusebenzisa omazibuthe ababuthakathaka.
Kumamodeli wamakhompiyutha, inkampani yezinto ezibonakalayo i-Proterial isanda kunquma ukuthi izinkomba eziningi zokusebenza zamamotho asetshenziswayo emhlabeni zingaphindwa ngokubeka ngokucophelela omazibuthe be-ferrite nokulungisa ezinye izici zokwakheka kwezimoto. Kulokhu, isisindo semoto sikhuphuka kuphela ngo-30%, okungase kube umehluko omncane uma kuqhathaniswa nesisindo esiphelele semoto.
Naphezu kwalezi zinhlungu zekhanda, izinkampani zezimoto zisenezizathu eziningi zokushiya izakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile, inqobo nje uma zingakwenza lokho. Inani layo yonke imakethe yomhlaba engavamile lifana nemakethe yamaqanda e-United States, futhi ngokwengqondo, izakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile zingambiwa, zicutshungulwe, futhi ziguqulwe zibe omazibuthe emhlabeni wonke, kodwa empeleni, lezi zinqubo ziletha izinselele eziningi.
Umhlaziyi wezokumbiwa phansi kanye ne-blogger edumile yokubuka umhlaba ongavamile uThomas Krumer uthe, “Lena imboni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi, kodwa inani lemikhiqizo edalekayo unyaka ngamunye lisukela ku-$2 trillion kuya ku-$3 trillion, okuyisivikelo esikhulu. Kungokufanayo nasezimotweni. Noma ngabe iqukethe amakhilogremu ambalwa nje ale nto, ukuwakhipha kusho ukuthi izimoto ngeke zisakwazi ukugijima ngaphandle uma uzimisele ukuyiklama kabusha yonke injini.
I-United States ne-Europe bazama ukuhlukanisa lolu chungechunge lokuhlinzeka. Izimayini zomhlaba ezingavamile zaseCalifornia, ezavalwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21, zisanda kuvulwa kabusha futhi okwamanje zihlinzeka ngo-15% wemithombo yomhlaba eyivelakancane. E-United States, izikhungo zikahulumeni (ikakhulukazi uMnyango Wezokuvikela) zidinga ukuhlinzeka ngozibuthe abanamandla bemishini efana nezindiza namasathelayithi, futhi banentshiseko yokutshala imali kumaketanga okuthengwa kwempahla ngaphakathi nasezifundeni ezifana ne-Japan ne-Europe. Kodwa uma kucatshangelwa izindleko, ubuchwepheshe obudingekayo, nezindaba zemvelo, lena inqubo ehamba kancane engathatha iminyaka eminingana noma ngisho namashumi eminyaka.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-11-2023