Ukuze kusetshenziswe isu lokwenza izwe eliqinile futhi kusheshiswe ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezintsha, umbuso umise iqembu elihamba phambili lokuthuthukiswa kwemboni entsha yezinto zokwakha. UMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi, Ikhomishini Kazwelonke Yokuthuthukiswa Nezinguquko, Umnyango Wesayensi Nobuchwepheshe, kanye Nomnyango Wezezimali ngokuhlanganyela bakhiphe Umhlahlandlela Wokuthuthukiswa Kwemboni Yezinto Ezintsha, ongenise inkathi entsha yamathuba entuthuko yamasu. Ukubhekana namathuba amasha,Njengezinto ezisebenzayo ezikhethekile, ukuthi ungafinyelela kanjani ekuthuthukisweni kwezinto ezingavamile zomhlaba, umbhali uchaza ngokuningiliziwe incazelo eyisisekelo nezici "zomsebenzi womhlaba ongavamile+", ukuthini futhi kanjani "+"umsebenzi womhlaba ongavamile, njll.
Izinto ezintsha zibhekisela ezintweni ezintsha ezisebenza kahle kakhulu noma imisebenzi ekhethekile, noma izinto ezisebenza kangcono noma imisebenzi emisha ngemva kokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezivamile. Izinto ezingavamile zomhlaba zinemisebenzi ekhethekile efana ne-magnetism, ukukhanya, ugesi, i-catalysis kanye nokugcinwa kwe-hydrogen, futhi zinganezelwa ezintweni zendabuko ezifana nensimbi, i-aluminium, i-magnesium, ingilazi nezitsha zobumba ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza noma ukukhiqiza izinto ezintsha zokusebenza. phezulu, "Kukhona uwoyela eMpumalanga Ephakathi kanye nomhlaba ongavamile eShayina, ukuze senze umsebenzi omuhle ezindabeni zomhlaba ezingavamile futhi sinikeze ukudlala okugcwele ngezinzuzo zomhlaba ongavamile eShayina", ukuze izimbali zemisebenzi engavamile yomhlaba ziqhakaze.Yenza isenzo "somhlaba ongavamile +" sibe amandla amasha e-kinetic okuthuthukiswa komnotho wezwe.
Okokuqala, izici eziyisisekelo zomhlaba ezingavamile.
Umhlaba ongavamile waziwa ngokuthi "isithandwa" sezinto ezintsha zokusebenza ekhulwini lama-21. Ngenxa yemisebenzi yayo ekhethekile efana ne-physics, i-electrochemistry, i-magnetism, ukukhanya nogesi, iye yasetshenziswa kabanzi. I-Rare Earth inezinzuzo zomthombo olinganiselwe wokuhlinzeka, umthamo wemakethe enkulu yomhlaba wonke, izinga eliphansi lokushintshwa komsebenzi kanye nezinga eliphezulu lempahla yezempi yokuvikela izwe. Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha okonga amandla kanye nemvelo, ukuncika komphakathi wesimanje ezintweni ezisebenzayo zomhlaba ezingavamile kuyakhula, futhi sekusetshenziswe emnothweni wezwe kanye nesayensi yesimanje. Imihlaba eyivelakancane ibalwe njengezinsiza zamasu ngamazwe amaningi. Ngo-2006, phakathi kwezinto ezingu-35 zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ezimenyezelwe uMnyango Wezokuvikela wase-US, izinhlobo ezingu-16 zazo zonke izakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile ngaphandle kwe-promethium (ama-elementi ahlanganisiwe nama-radioactive) afakiwe, okubala u-45.7% wazo zonke izici zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu.Phakathi kwezinto ezingu-26 zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ezikhethwe uMnyango wezeSayensi Nobuchwepheshe wase-Japan, i-161 yonke i-akhawunti ihlanganisa izingxenye ezingu-5 ze-akhawunti. Amazwe kuwo wonke umhlaba enza ucwaningo ngamandla okusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezingavamile emhlabeni, futhi kukhona intuthuko entsha ekusetshenzisweni kwezinto ezisebenza emhlabeni ezingavamile cishe eminyakeni engu-3 ~ 5.
Isu lezinsiza zomhlaba ezingavamile libonakala ngokuyinhloko ekusebenzeni kwezinto ezingavamile zomhlaba, futhi izinto ezisebenzayo nemisebenzi esetshenziswayo kudingeka kuhlanganiswe eduze. Indlela yokuthuthukisa ngokwesayensi kanye nokusebenzisa kahle imisebenzi yokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingavamile zomhlaba isiphenduke umgomo obalulekile wabasebenzi besayensi nobuchwepheshe bomhlaba obuyivelakancane. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqaphela izici ezintathu eziyisisekelo zomhlaba ongavamile, okungukuthi "izakhiwo ezintathu":Isu lezinsiza, ukusebenza kwezakhi kanye nokunwebeka kwemisebenzi yokusetshenziswa;Okwesibili ukuqonda okwengeziwe kanye nokubamba ukuthuthukiswa komsebenzi wawo oyisisekelo kanye nokusebenza komthetho.
Izinkinga zamasu ezinsizeni zomhlaba ezingavamile.I-Rare Earth isisetshenziswa samasu esingavuseleleki. Umhlaba ongavamile igama elivamile lezakhi ezingu-17. Imithombo yayo yamaminerali isakazwa kabanzi emvelweni, futhi ukusatshalaliswa kwezakhi kuhlukile. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuthi kuqhubeke ukuqinisa ukuphathwa kwesayensi yezinsiza zomhlaba eziyivelakancane, Kungahlukaniswa ngamasu, okubucayi kanye nokujwayelekile, futhi kumiswe ngokwesayensi ngokuya ngezakhi, izinhlobo nemisebenzi, ukuze kwakhiwe umoya omuhle wemakethe ovumela ukwabiwa okunengqondo kwemithombo yomhlaba eyivelakancane emakethe, futhi ibone ubumbano lwendalo yentuthuko enengqondo kanye nokusetshenziswa kahle kwemithombo yomhlaba eyivelakancane.
Emsebenzini wezinto ezingavamile zomhlaba.Ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo zomhlaba ezingavamile kufanele kucwengwe. Izixhumanisi zokukhiqiza zezinsiza zomhlaba eziyivelakancane njengezimayini, ukucutshungulwa kwezimbiwa, ukuhlukaniswa kokuncibilikisa nokuncibilikiswa kwensimbi empeleni kuyinqubo yokukhiqiza izinto ezingavuthiwe. Imikhiqizo eyinhloko yimikhiqizo eyinhloko njengama-oxides omhlaba angavamile, ama-chloride, izinsimbi zomhlaba eziyivelakancane kanye nama-alloys omhlaba angavamile we-elementi eyodwa, angakawubonisi umsebenzi wezakhi zawo, kodwa inethonya elikhulu ezintweni ezisebenzayo ngemva kokucubungula okujulile. Ngakho-ke, ekuthuthukisweni okulandelayo kokusebenza kwezinto, kuyadingeka ukucwenga ukukhiqizwa ngezinto, ukuthuthukisa ukuhlanzeka komkhiqizo, nokuthuthukisa usayizi womkhiqizo, nokwandisa usayizi womkhiqizo, nokwandisa usayizi womkhiqizo. izinga le-elementi eyodwa yomhlaba eyivelakancane.
Ekwandiseni umsebenzi wesicelo somhlaba ongavamile.Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zomhlaba eziyivelakancane zidinga ukuthuthukiswa zibe izinto ezisebenzayo kanye nemikhiqizo esetshenziswayo.Uma sithatha izinto zikazibuthe ezihlala unomphela emhlabeni njengesibonelo, yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza iketango lemboni isuka ezisansimbi zomhlaba eziyivelakancane iye kucwecwe lokusika, impushana kazibuthe, i-sintering (noma i-bonding), ingenalutho, icutshungulwa, amadivaysi, njll. ekusetshenzisweni kwezinto ezintsha ezisebenzayo, Kubuye kube uhlelo oluyivelakancane lokuthuthukisa umkhiqizo osebenzayo kanye nokuthuthukisa izinga lokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo. Okwamanje, amanye amabhizinisi enze inqubekelaphambili kulo mgomo futhi afinyelele izinga eliphezulu kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, imboni yempushana kazibuthe yomhlaba engavamile iye yanda yafinyelela ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi kwama-servo motors amathuluzi omshini we-CNC, amamotho akhethekile amancane omakhalekhukhwini neminye imikhiqizo yamagnetic yomhlaba engavamile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-04-2022