Umhlaba ongavamile, impumelelo enkulu!

Impumelelo enkulu emhlabeni ongavamile.
Ngokwezindaba zakamuva, i-China Geological Survey ngaphansi koMnyango Wezemvelo waseChina ithole imayini yomhlaba eyivelakancane ye-ion-adsorption enkulu kakhulu endaweni yaseHonghe esifundazweni saseYunnan, enezinsiza ezingaba amathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.15. Lokhu kungenye impumelelo enkulu ekucwaningweni komhlaba okungavamile kwe-ion-adsorption kusukela ekutholweni kokuqala kwe-ion-adsorption.umhlaba ongavamileIzimayini e-Jiangxi ngo-1969, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi zibe idiphozithi yomhlaba engavamile enkulu kunazo zonke ephakathi nendawo nesindayo.

Okumaphakathi futhi esindayoimihlaba engavamilezibaluleke kakhulu kunemihlaba engavamile ekhanyayo ngenxa yenani layo eliphezulu kanye nemithombo emincane egciniwe. Ziyimithombo yamaminerali ebaluleke kakhulu enohlu olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza. Ziyimpahla ebalulekile ebalulekile yezimoto zikagesi, amandla amasha, ukuphepha kwezwe lokuvikela, njll., futhi ziyizinsimbi ezibalulekile zokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu.
Ukuhlaziywa kwesikhungo kukholelwa ukuthi ngasohlangothini lwesidingo, uhlangothi lwesidingo sochungechunge lwemboni yomhlaba engavamile kulindeleke ukuthi luqhubeke ngaphansi kwezisusa eziningi zezimoto zamandla amasha, amandla omoya, izinto zikagesi zasendlini, amarobhothi ezimboni, njll. Ngokuphumaamanani omhlaba angavamile, iphethini yokuhlinzeka nesidingo iyaqhubeka nokuba ngcono, futhiumhlaba ongavamile iimboni ingase ilindeleke ukuthi iqale unyaka omkhulu wokukhula ngo-2025.

Ukuphumelela okukhulu

NgoJanuwari 17, ngokwePhepha, i-China Geological Survey yoMnyango Wezemvelo waseChina yathola ukuthi umnyango uthole imayini yomhlaba eyivelakancane ye-ion-adsorption endaweni yaseHonghe esifundazweni saseYunnan, enezinsiza ezingaba amathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.15.
Inani eliphelele lezakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile core ezifanai-praseodymium, i-neodymium, i-dysprosium, futhii-terbiumokucebile kwidiphozithi kudlula amathani angama-470,000.
Lokhu kungenye impumelelo enkulu ekucwaningweni komhlaba okungavamile kwe-ion-adsorption ngemva kokutholwa kokuqala kwezimayini zomhlaba eziyivelakancane ze-ion-adsorption e-Jiangxi ngo-1969, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi kube idiphozithi yomhlaba enkulu kunazo zonke emaphakathi nesindayo engavamile e-China.
Abahlaziyi bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu okutholakele kubaluleke kakhulu ekuhlanganiseni izinzuzo zemithombo yomhlaba eyivelakancane yaseShayina kanye nokwenza ngcono uchungechunge lwemboni yomhlaba eyivelakancane, futhi kuzophinde kuqinise izinzuzo zamasu zaseShayina emkhakheni wezinto ezimaphakathi nezisindayo.umhlaba ongavamileizinsiza.
Izimayini zomhlaba ezingavamile ze-ion-adsorption ezitholwe ngalesi sikhathi ziyizimayini zomhlaba ezingavamile ezimaphakathi nezisindayo. I-China inothile ngezinsiza zomhlaba ezingavamile, ezisatshalaliswa kakhulu e-Baiyunebo, e-Inner Mongolia nase-Yaoniuping, eSichuan, njll., kodwa izinsiza zomhlaba eziyivelakancane eziphakathi nendawo nezisindayo ziyindlala uma kuqhathaniswa futhi zinenhlobo ebanzi yezinhlelo zokusebenza. Ziyimpahla ebalulekile ebalulekile yezimoto zikagesi, amandla amasha, ukuphepha kwezwe lokuvikela, njll., futhi ziyizinsimbi ezibalulekile zokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu.
I-China Geological Survey ihlanganise izinhlolovo zomhlaba kanye nocwaningo lwesayensi. Ngokusebenza iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10, isungule inethiwekhi kazwelonke yokulinganisa i-geochemical, yathola idatha enkulu ye-geochemical, futhi yenza impumelelo ebalulekile ekucwaningeni kwethiyori kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuhlola, igcwalise igebe kubuchwepheshe bokuhlola i-geochemical for ion adsorption.umhlaba ongavamileezimayini, futhi yasungula uhlelo lobuchwepheshe bokuhlola olusheshayo, olunembile noluluhlaza, olubaluleke kakhulu kwezinye izindawo zaseShayina ezinothe ngokumaphakathi nezisindayo ukuze zithole impumelelo esheshayo ekuhloleni.

Ukubaluleka kwamasu omhlaba ongavamile omaphakathi nosindayo

Imihlaba engavamile ibhekisela egameni elivamile lezakhi ezifana nalezii-lanthanum, i-cerium, i-praseodymium, i-neodymium, i-promethium,i-samarium, europium, i-gadolinium, i-terbium, i-dysprosium, i-holmium, i-erbium, thulium, ytterbium, i-lutetium, scandium, futhii-yttrium.
Ngokusho kwesakhiwo se-athomu ye-electron layer kanye nezakhiwo zomzimba namakhemikhali zezakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile, kanye ne-symbiosis yazo kumaminerali kanye nezici zezakhiwo ezahlukene ezikhiqizwa ama-ion radii ahlukene, izakhi zomhlaba eziyishumi nesikhombisa ezingavamile zingahlukaniswa zibe izigaba ezimbili: ukukhanya okungavamile komhlaba kanye naphakathi nendawoumhlaba osindayo ongavamile. Umhlaba ongavamile ophakathi nendawo futhi osindayo ubaluleke kakhulu kunomhlaba ongavamile okhanyayo ngenxa yenani lawo eliphezulu kanye nezindawo ezigciniwe ezincane.
Phakathi kwayo, umhlaba osindayo ongavamile yimithombo yezimbiwa ebaluleke kakhulu, kodwa uhlobo lokumbiwa phansi komhlaba osindayo olungavamile lukodwa, ikakhulukazi uhlobo lwe-ion adsorption, kanye nezinkinga zemvelo enqubweni yayo yezimayini (in situ leaching) zivelele, ngakho-ke ukuthola izinhlobo ezintsha zezinto ezinzima.umhlaba ongavamileamadiphozithi wukuhlola okubalulekile kwesayensi.
Izwe lami yizwe elinezindawo zokulondoloza umhlaba ezingavamile kakhulu emhlabeni kanye nezwe elinenani eliphakeme kakhulu lezimayini zomhlaba ezingavamile emhlabeni. Ngokombiko we-United States Geological Survey (USGS), owaseChinaumhlaba ongavamileukukhiqizwa ngo-2023 kuzofinyelela amathani angu-240,000, okubalelwa cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zengqikithi yomhlaba, futhi izinqolobane zakhona zizofinyelela amathani ayizigidi ezingu-44, okubalelwa ku-40% wengqikithi yomhlaba. Lo mbiko ukhombisa nokuthi iChina ikhiqiza amaphesenti angama-98 egallium emhlabeni kanye nama-60% egermanium yomhlaba; kusukela ngo-2019 kuya ku-2022, u-63% we-antimony ore kanye nama-oxides ayo angeniswe yi-United States avela e-China.
Phakathi kwazo, izinto zikazibuthe ezihlala unomphela ziwumkhakha wesicelo obaluleke kakhulu futhi othembisa kakhulu wemihlaba engavamile. Izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zikazibuthe zomhlaba ezingavamile ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yi-neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material, enezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ezifana nesisindo sokukhanya, usayizi omncane, umkhiqizo wamandla kazibuthe ophezulu, izakhiwo ezinhle zemishini, ukucubungula okulula, isivuno esikhulu, futhi kungenziwa uzibuthe ngemva komhlangano. Izisetshenziswa zikazibuthe ze-neodymium iron boron ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zisetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-turbines omoya, ama-air conditioner ashintshashintshayo okonga amandla, amakheshi okonga amandla, izimoto ezintsha zamandla, amarobhothi ezimboni, njll.
Ngokusho kokuhlaziywa, ohlangothini lwesidingo, uhlangothi lwesidingo lweumhlaba ongavamileuchungechunge lwezimboni kulindeleke ukuthi luqale ngaphansi kwe-catalysis eminingi njengezimoto zamandla amasha, amandla omoya, izinto zikagesi zasendlini, namarobhothi ezimboni.
Ikakhulukazi, ngokukhula okusheshayo ekuthengisweni kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla kanye nokwenza ngcono okuqhubekayo ekungeneni, isidingo sama-drive motors amelwe amamotho kazibuthe ahlala unomphela, okungenye yezingxenye eziyinhloko zezimoto zamandla amasha, sizokhula, ngaleyo ndlela siqhubekisele phambili ukukhula kwesidingo sezinto ezingavamile zikazibuthe zomhlaba. Amarobhothi e-Humanoid abe ithrekhi entsha yokuthuthukiswa, okulindeleke ukuthi iqhubeke nokuvula indawo yokukhula yesikhathi eside yezinto ezingavamile zikazibuthe zomhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphezu kokukhula okuqhubekayo kwesidingo sezimoto zamandla amasha namarobhothi ezimboni, kulindeleke ukuthi isidingo embonini yamandla omoya sizobona ukuthuthuka okuncane ngo-2025.

Ungabheka kanjani umbono wemakethe

Ukuhlaziywa kwesikhungo kukholelwa ukuthi ngokuphuma phansiamanani omhlaba angavamilekanye nokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwephethini yokuhlinzeka nesidingo, imboni yomhlaba engavamile ingase ilindeleke ukuthi iqale unyaka omkhulu wokukhula ngo-2025.
I-Guotai Junan Securities iveze ukuthi njengoba izinkomba zomhlaba ezingavamile zasekhaya zishintsha zisuka emjikelezweni wokukhishwa okuqinile kokuhlinzekwa kwempahla ziye kwiphethini yesithiyo sokuhlinzeka, okuhambisana nokwenyuka okukhulu kwezinhlelo zaphesheya kwezilwandle kodwa ukukhula okuhamba kancane kwangempela, ukuphumelela kwezingqinamba zokunikezwa kwempahla sekuqalile ukubonakala. Isidingo sezimoto ezintsha zamandla namandla omoya siyaqhubeka nokukhula, futhi isidingo sokuvuselelwa kwemishini yamamotho ezimboni siye saphakamisa ngempumelelo ijika lesidingo ukusuka ku-2025 kuya ku-2026, okungenzeka ukuthi lithathe amandla amasha futhi libe umthombo obalulekile wokukhula kwesidingo semihlaba engavamile; okuhambisana nokunwetshwa kwezimo zokusetshenziswa kwamarobhothi, u-2025 angase aphinde alethe unyaka omkhulu wokukhula kwezinto ezingavamile kazibuthe zomhlaba.
I-Guojin Securities ithe kusukela ngo-2024, amanani entengo yomhlaba ayivelakancane ahlangabezane nokwehla. Ngaphansi kwesizinda sokulindela okuqiniswe ngokuphawulekayo ekuthuthukisweni kokuhlinzekwa nokufunwa kanye nokucatshangelwa kwenqubomgomo “yenguquko yokuhlinzekwa kwempahla”, amanani entengo yempahla akhuphuke cishe ngama-20% ukusuka phansi, futhi isikhungo samanani adonsela phansi siye sakhuphuka kancane kancane; imithetho yokuphatha umhlaba eyivelakancane isetshenziswe kusukela ngomhlaka-1 Okthoba 2024 ukuze kuncishiswe ukunikezwa, futhi ama-oda esizini aphezulu engxenyeni yesine ayagcwaliseka kancane kancane. Kuhlanganiswe nokwenyuka kwesimo sezindleko zemboni kanye nokuphazamiseka kokuhlinzekwa kwempahla okuvamile,amanani omhlaba angavamilezizoqhubeka nokukhula, futhi izitoko ezihambisanayo zizovula amathuba okuphuma phansi kanye nokubuyekezwa kwenani ngaphansi kwenqubomgomo "yokuguqulwa kokuhlinzekwa kwempahla".
Muva nje, i-Baosteel Co., Ltd., umdondoshiya ongavamile, ukhiphe isimemezelo esithi ngokwefomula yokubala kanye nentengo yemaketheama-oxide omhlaba angavamileengxenyeni yesine ka-2024, inkampani ihlela ukulungisa intengo yezinto ezihlobene zomhlaba ezingavamile ezigxile kwikota yokuqala ka-2025 ukuya ku-18,618 yuan/ton (isisindo esomile, REO=50%) ngaphandle kwentela, futhi intengo engabandakanyi intela izokwenyuka noma yehle ngo-372.36 ku-yuan ngayinye engu-1O/ton. Uma kuqhathaniswa nenani elingavamile lentengo ye-concentrate yomhlaba engu-17,782 yuan/ton engxenyeni yesine ka-2024, inyuke ngo-836 yuan/ton, okuwukunyuka kwenyanga nenyanga ngo-4.7%.
Ngemuva kokuthi i-Northern Rare Earth Plan ikhansele intengo yokufakwa ohlwini, ukulungiswa kwenani layo lekota lentengo le-concentrate yomhlaba ehlobene ne-Baosteel kube isimo sezulu embonini. UDing Shitao we-Guolian Securities ubikezela ukuthi iphethini yokuhlinzeka nesidingo kulindeleke ukuthi iqhubeke nokuba ngcono kusukela ngo-2025 kuya ku-2026, futhi unethemba lokuqinisekisa ukwehla kwe-boom yomhlaba eyivelakancane ngo-2024, futhi umhlaba ongavamile kulindeleke ukuthi ulungise kabusha umjikelezo omusha ngo-2025.
I-CITIC Securities futhi ikholelwa ukuthi umhlaba ongavamile kulindeleke ukuthi ulethe ukuphindaphinda okuthile engxenyeni yesibili ka-2025, futhi izinkambu ezisafufusa njenge-AI namarobhothi kulindeleke ukuthi zihlale zisebenza.