Ukulungiswa Kwezinsimbi Zomhlaba Ezingavamile

Ukulungiswa Kwezinsimbi Zomhlaba Ezingavamile

Ukukhiqizwa kwezinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile kwaziwa nangokuthi ukukhiqizwa kwe-pyrometallurgical yomhlaba.Izinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamilengokuvamile zihlukaniswa zibe izinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile ezixubile kanye nezinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile. Ukwakheka kwezinsimbi zomhlaba eziyivelakancane ezixubile kufana nokwakheka komhlaba okuyivelakancane ensimbi, futhi insimbi eyodwa iyinsimbi ehlukanisiwe futhi yacwengwa emhlabeni ngamunye ongavamile. Kunzima ukunciphisa ama-oxides omhlaba angavamile (ngaphandle kwama-oxide e-samarium, europium, ytterbium, ne-thulium) abe yinsimbi eyodwa usebenzisa izindlela ezijwayelekile ze-metallurgical, ngenxa yokushisa kwawo okuphezulu kokwakheka nokuzinza okuphezulu. Ngakho-ke, izinto zokusetshenziswa ezivame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni izinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile ama-chloride nama-fluoride awo.

(1) Indlela ye-electrolysis kasawoti encibilikisiwe

Ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi kwezinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile ezixubile embonini ngokuvamile kusebenzisa indlela ye-electrolysis kasawoti encibilikisiwe. Le ndlela ihlanganisa ukushisisa nokuncibilikisa izinhlanganisela zomhlaba ezingavamile njengama-chloride omhlaba angavamile, bese kuba i-electrolysis ukuze kuncishiswe izinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile ku-cathode. Kunezindlela ezimbili ze-electrolysis: i-chloride electrolysis kanye ne-oxide electrolysis. Indlela yokulungiselela yensimbi eyodwa yomhlaba engavamile iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi isici. I-Samarium, i-europium, i-ytterbium, ne-thulium azifanelekile ukulungiswa kwe-electrolytic ngenxa yokucindezela kwazo okuphezulu komhwamuko, futhi esikhundleni salokho zilungiswa kusetshenziswa indlela yokunciphisa i-distillation. Ezinye izakhi zingalungiswa nge-electrolysis noma indlela yokunciphisa ukushisa kwensimbi.

I-Chloride electrolysis iyindlela evamile kakhulu yokukhiqiza izinsimbi, ikakhulukazi izinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile ezixutshwe. Inqubo ilula, iyonga, futhi idinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okuncane. Kodwa-ke, i-drawback enkulu kakhulu ukukhishwa kwegesi ye-chlorine, engcolisa imvelo.

I-oxide electrolysis ayikhiphi amagesi ayingozi, kodwa izindleko ziphakeme kancane. Ngokuvamile, umhlaba owodwa ongajwayelekile onenani eliphezulu njenge-neodymium ne-praseodymium akhiqizwa kusetshenziswa i-oxide electrolysis.

(2) Vacuum indlela yokunciphisa ukushisa

Indlela ye-electrolysis ingalungisa kuphela izinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile zebanga lezimboni. Ukulungiselela izinsimbi ezinokungcola okuphansi nokuhlanzeka okuphezulu, indlela yokunciphisa ukushisa kwe-vacuum ngokuvamile isetshenziswa. Ngokuvamile, ama-earth oxides aqala ukwenziwa abe yi-fluoride yomhlaba engavamile, encishiswa nge-metallic calcium esithandweni sokungenisa ivacuum ukuze kutholwe izinsimbi ezingahluziwe. Khona-ke, ayancibilika futhi ahlanjululwe ukuze athole izinsimbi ezihlanzekile. Le ndlela ingakhiqiza zonke izinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile, kodwa i-samarium, i-europium, i-ytterbium, ne-thulium ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa.

Amandla okunciphisa i-oxidation wesamarium, europium, ytterbium, thuliumfuthi i-calcium yanciphisa kancane kuphela i-fluoride yomhlaba engavamile. Ngokuvamile, lezi zinsimbi zilungiswa ngokusebenzisa isimiso somfutho we-vapor ophezulu walezi zinsimbi kanye nomfutho womoya omncane wezinsimbi ze-lanthanum, ukuxuba kanye nokufaka ama-oxides ale mihlaba emine eyivelakancane nemfucumfucu yezinsimbi ze-lanthanum, futhi ukuwanciphisa esithandweni se-Vacuum.. I-Lanthanumiyasebenza uma kuqhathaniswa.I-Samarium, i-europium, i-ytterbium, ne-thuliumzincishiswa nge-lanthanum zibe yigolide futhi ziqoqwe ku-condenser, okulula ukuyihlukanisa ne-slag.

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