Ukulungiselela izinsimbi zomhlaba ezingandile
Ukukhiqizwa kwezinsimbi zomhlaba ezingandile kwaziwa nangokuthi Umkhiqizo Ongavamile Womhlaba Pyromellallical Production.Izinsimbi zomhlaba ezingandileNgokuvamile ihlukaniswe yaba yizinsimbi zomhlaba ezihlangene ezihlanganisiwe kanye nezinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile zomhlaba. Ukwakheka kwezinsimbi zomhlaba ezihlanganisiwe zomhlaba kufana nokwakheka komhlaba okungukuqala okungajwayelekile ku-ore, futhi insimbi eyodwa iyinsimbi ehlukaniswe futhi icwengekile emhlabathini ngamunye onqabile. Kunzima ukwehlisa umhlaba ongenamkhawulo oxides (ngaphandle kwama-oxides we-sadarium, i-Europium, ne-yterterbium, ne-thulium) kwinsimbi eyodwa esebenzisa izindlela ezijwayelekile zensimbi, ngenxa yokushisa kwawo okuphezulu. Ngakho-ke, izinto ezivame ukusetshenziswa ezisetshenziswayo zokukhiqizwa kwezinsimbi zomhlaba ezingandile zingama-chlorides abo nama-fluorides.
(1) Indlela Ye-Electrocrolysis ye-molten
Ukukhiqizwa kwesisindo kwe-mixt rare emhlabeni izinsimbi zomhlaba embonini ngokuvamile zisebenzisa indlela eyekhilingo ye-electrolysis. Le ndlela ifaka ukufudumeza kanye nokuncibilika komhlaba okuqabulayo okufana nama-chloride womhlaba angavamile, bese kuthi i-electrolysis yokuqamba izinsimbi zomhlaba ezingandile eKatide. Kunezindlela ezimbili ze-electrolysis: chloride electrolysis kanye ne-oxide electrolysis. Indlela yokulungiselela yomhlaba owodwa ongavamile iyahluka ngokuya ngento ethile. ISamarium, i-Europoum, i-YTterbium, neThulium ayilungele ukulungiswa kwe-electrolytic ngenxa yengcindezi yazo ephezulu ye-vapor, futhi esikhundleni salokho kulungiselelwe kusetshenziswa indlela yokunciphisa imali. Ezinye izinto zingalungiswa nge-electrolysis noma ngensimbi yokuncipha kwensimbi.
I-Chloride Electrolysis iyindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yokukhiqiza izinsimbi, ikakhulukazi izinsimbi zomhlaba ezihlangene. Inqubo ilula, iyabiza kakhulu, futhi idinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okuncane. Kodwa-ke, ukubuyela emuva okukhulu ukukhishwa kwegesi ye-chlorine, engcolisa imvelo.
I-Oxide Eleccrolysis ayikhiphi amagesi ayingozi, kepha izindleko ziphakeme kancane. Ngokuvamile, imihlaba ephezulu evuthayo eyimfihlo efana ne-neodymium ne-praceodyodymium zikhiqizwa kusetshenziswa ama-electrolysis we-oxide.
(2) Vacul Thermal Ukuncipha Kwendlela
Indlela ye-electrolysis ingalungisa kuphela ama-Industrial grade angajwayelekile emhlabeni. Ukulungiselela izinsimbi ngokungcola okuphansi kanye nobumsulwa obuphezulu, indlela yokunciphisa i-vacuum atral isetshenziswa. Ngokuvamile, ama-oxide eMhlaba angavamile aqala ukwenziwa e-flude yasemhlabeni, okuncishiswa nge-calcium yensimbi esithandweni somlilo wokungeniswa kwe-vacuum ukuthola izinsimbi ezingcolile. Ngemuva kwalokho, bathe sebekhunjulwe futhi bahlutshelwe ukuthola izinsimbi ezimsulwa. Le ndlela ingakhiqiza zonke izinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile, kepha iSamarium, i-Europuum, i-YTTERBIM, ne-Thulium ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa.
Ikhono lokunciphisa i-oxidation leISamarium, i-Epunium, Ytterbium, ThuliumFuthi i-calcium yanciphisa ingxenye ethile ye-fluaride engavamile. Ngokuvamile, lezi zinsimbi zilungiswa ngokusebenzisa umgomo wokucindezela okuphezulu kwalezi zinsimbi kanye nengcindezi ephansi ye-vapor yama-lanthanum tilal, ukuxubana kanye nemililo engavamile ye-lanthanum izinsimbi, bese uyinciphisa esithandweni somoya. Uhlobo linthanumiyasebenza.ISamarium, i-Epunium, i-YTterbium, ne-Thuliumzincishiswa yi-lanthanum zibe yigolide futhi ziqoqwe ku-condenser, okulula ukuhlukanisa ne-slag.
笔记
Isikhathi Sokuthumela: APR-19-2023