I-Neodymium, ingxenye 60 yethebula le-periodic.
I-Neodymium ihlotshaniswa ne-praseodymium, kokubili okuyiLanthanide enezici ezifanayo kakhulu. Ngo-1885, ngemva kokuba usokhemisi waseSweden uMosander ethole ingxube yei-lanthanumkanye ne-praseodymium ne-neodymium, abase-Austrian Welsbach bahlukanise ngempumelelo izinhlobo ezimbili “zomhlaba ongavamile”: i-neodymium oxide kanyei-praseodymium oxide, bagcina behlukenei-neodymiumfuthii-praseodymiumkusuka kubo.
I-Neodymium, insimbi emhlophe eyisiliva enezici zamakhemikhali asebenzayo, ingakhipha i-oxidize emoyeni ngokushesha; Ngokufanayo ne-praseodymium, isabela kancane emanzini abandayo futhi ikhiphe ngokushesha igesi ye-hydrogen emanzini ashisayo. I-Neodymium inokuqukethwe okuphansi kuqweqwe loMhlaba futhi ikhona ikakhulukazi e-monazite nase-bastnaesite, ngobuningi bayo isibili ngemuva kwe-cerium.
I-Neodymium yayisetshenziswa kakhulu njengombala engilazini ngekhulu le-19. Ninii-neodymium oxideyayincibilikisiwe ibe ingilazi, izokhiqiza imithunzi ehlukahlukene kusukela kobomvana ukuya koluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuye ngomthombo wokukhanya osendaweni. Ungayithathi kancane ingilazi ekhethekile yamayoni e-neodymium ebizwa ngokuthi “ingilazi ye-neodymium”. "Iyinhliziyo" yama-lasers, futhi ikhwalithi yayo inquma ngokuqondile amandla kanye nekhwalithi yamandla okukhipha idivayisi ye-laser. Njengamanje yaziwa ngokuthi i-laser working medium eMhlabeni engakhipha amandla aphezulu. Ama-ion e-neodymium engilazini ye-neodymium awukhiye wokugijima uye phezulu "ku-skyscraper" wamazinga wamandla futhi akhe i-laser yamandla ephezulu ngesikhathi senqubo enkulu yoshintsho, engakhulisa izinga elingenakulinganiswa le-nanojoule 10-9 lamandla we-laser ezingeni “ilanga elincane”. Idivayisi enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ye-neodymium glass laser fusion, i-National Ignition Device yase-United States, inyuse ubuchwepheshe obuqhubekayo bokuncibilika bengilazi ye-neodymium yaya ezingeni elisha futhi ifakwe ohlwini njengezimangaliso zobuchwepheshe eziyisikhombisa eziphezulu ezweni. Ngo-1964, i-Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics ye-Chinese Academy of Sciences yaqala ucwaningo ngobuchwepheshe obune obuyinhloko bokuncibilika okuqhubekayo, ukunemba okunembayo, ukuhlanganisa nokuhlola ingilazi ye-neodymium. Ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka okuhlola, intuthuko enkulu ekugcineni yenziwe kule minyaka eyishumi edlule. Iqembu lika-Hu Lili ngelokuqala emhlabeni ukuthola idivayisi ye-laser eqinile kakhulu nefushane kakhulu ephuma ne-laser engu-10 watt. Umnyombo wayo uwukukwazi kahle ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile bokukhiqiza inqwaba yengilazi ye-laser Nd ye-laser Nd ephezulu. Ngakho-ke, i-Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Institute of Optics and Precision Machinery isibe isikhungo sokuqala emhlabeni ukuze sizimele ngokuzimela inqubo egcwele yokukhiqiza ubuchwepheshe bezingxenye zengilazi ze-laser Nd.
I-Neodymium ingasetshenziswa futhi ukwenza uzibuthe onamandla kunabo bonke waziwe - i-neodymium iron boron alloy. I-Neodymium iron boron alloy yayingumvuzo osindayo owanikezwa i-Japan ngeminyaka yawo-1980 ukuze kuqedwe ukubusa kwe-General Motors e-United States. Usosayensi wangaleso sikhathi uMasato Zuokawa wasungula uhlobo olusha lukazibuthe oluhlala njalo, okuwuzibuthe wengxubevange owakhiwa izakhi ezintathu: i-neodymium, insimbi, ne-boron. Ososayensi baseShayina baphinde bakha indlela entsha ye-sintering, besebenzisa i-induction heat sintering esikhundleni se-sintering yendabuko kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa, ukuze kuzuzwe ukuminyana kwe-sintering engaphezu kuka-95% yenani lethiyori likazibuthe, elingagwema ukukhula okusanhlamvu ngokweqile kukazibuthe, kufinyeze. umjikelezo wokukhiqiza, futhi ngokuhambisanayo wehlise izindleko zokukhiqiza.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-01-2023