Yterterbium: Inombolo ye-Atomic 70, isisindo se-athomu 173.04, igama element lisuselwa endaweni yalo etholakele. Okuqukethwe kwe-yterterbium ku-crust kungu-0.000266%, ikakhulukazi lapho ekhona kuma-phosphorite kanye namadiphozi egolide amnyama. Okuqukethwe eMonazite kungu-0.03%, futhi kukhona ama-isotopes wemvelo ayi-7
-Livulelwe
Ngu: Marinak
Isikhathi: 1878
Indawo: Switzerland
Ngo-1878, osokhemisi baseSwitzerland uJean Charles no-G Marignac bathola into entsha yase-Earth Emhlabeni e "Erbium". Ngo-1907, ama-Ulban kanye noWeils baveze ukuthi i-marignac yahlukanisa ingxube ye-lutetium oxide ne-yterterbium oxide. Emkhumbulweni wedolobhana elincane elibizwa nge-YTeerby ngaseStockholm, lapho kwatholakala khona i-YTTrium Ore, le nto entsha yaqanjwa ngokuthi i-YTTERBIM nge-yb yb.
Ukucushwa kwe-elektroni
Ukucushwa kwe-elektroni
1s2 2s2 2P6 3S2 3P6 4s2 3D10 4p6 5S2 4D10 5p6 6s2 4F14
Insimbi yanama ini
I-Metallic yterterbium isiliva grey, i-ductile, futhi inokuthungwa okuthambile. Emazingeni okushisa ekamelo, i-yterterbium ingafakwa kancane kancane ngomoya namanzi.
Kunezinhlaka ezimbili zekristalu: α- Uhlobo luwumvuzo ogxile kuCubic Crystal System (lokushisa lekamelo -798 ℃); β- Uhlobo luyi-cubic egxile emzimbeni (ngenhla kwe-798 ℃) lattice. Ukuncibilikisa iphuzu 824 ℃, i-Boiling Point 1427 ℃, ukuncipha okuhlobene 6.977 (thy- thayipha), 6.54 (β- hlobo (β- hlobo).
I-insoluble emanzini abandayo, incibilika kuma-acid kanye ne-ammonia ye-liquid. Kuzinzile emoyeni. Ifana neSamarium ne-Europium, i-YTterbium ingeye-valence eguquguqukayo emhlabeni, futhi futhi ingaba sesimweni esihle sokwehlukahlukana ngaphezu kokuvame ukuvezwa.
Ngenxa yalolu hlelo oluguquguqukayo, ukulungiswa kwensimbi ytterbium akufanele kwenziwe nge-electrolysis, kepha ngokunciphisa indlela yokudlela yokulungisa ukulungiselela nokuhlanzwa. Imvamisa, i-lanthanum Metal isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti encishise ukuncishiswa kokuncishiswa, isebenzisa umehluko phakathi kwengcindezi ephezulu ye-vapor yensimbi ye-ytertbium kanye nengcindezi ye-lapor ephansi ye-lanthanum yensimbi. Ngenye indlela,Thulium, yterterbium, futhilutetiumukugxila kungasetshenziswa njengezinto zokwakha eziluhlaza, futhiMetal Lanthanumlungasetshenziswa njengomenzeli oncishisiwe. Ngaphansi kwezimo eziphakeme zokushisa eziphakeme ze-300 ℃ kanye ne- <0.133PA, i-Metal ytterbium ingakhishwa ngokuqondile yi-distillation yokunciphisa. NjengeSamarium ne-Europium, i-YTTERBIM nayo ingahlukaniswa futhi ihlanzwe ngokuncishiswa okumanzi. Imvamisa, i-Thulium, i-yterterbium, kanye nama-lutetium agxila asetshenziswa njengezinto zokwakha. Ngemuva kokuchithwa, i-yterterbium incishiswa ibe ngumbuso ohlukanisiwe, ibangela umehluko omkhulu kwizakhiwo, bese uhlukaniswa neminye imihlaba engavamile. Ukukhiqizwa kobumsulwa obukhuluytterbium oxidekuvame ukwenziwa nge-chromatography noma indlela yokushintshana ye-ion.
Isicelo
Isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ama-alloys akhethekile. I-YTTERBIM ALLOYS isetshenzisiwe emthini wamazinyo wokuhlolwa kwe-metallurgical kanye namakhemikhali.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kwaqhamuka i-yterterbium futhi yathuthukiswa ngokushesha emasimini okuxhumana kwe-fiber optic kanye nobuchwepheshe be-laser.
Ngokwakhiwa kanye nokwakhiwa kwemigwaqo "yolwazi Highway", amanethiwekhi ekhompyutha nezinhlelo zokudlulisela amabanga amade we-Optical Fibrical anezidingo eziphakeme kakhulu zokusebenza kwezinto zokuxhumana ze-Optical Fiber. I-YTterbium ion, ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezinhle kakhulu zokubuka, zingasetshenziswa njengezinto zokukhuphula ze-Fiber Amplification zokuxhumana okubonakalayo, njenge-Erbium neThuliyu. Yize i-Rare Earth Element Element isengumdlali ophambili lapho kulungiswa ama-fiber amplifiers, imicu ye-quartz ye-websium-doped quartz ine-bandwidth encane (30nm), okwenza kube nzima ukubhekana nezidingo zesivinini esiphakeme kanye nesivinini esikhulu semininingwane. I-YB3 + i-Ion inesigaba esikhulisa kakhulu sokumunca-isigaba kunama-er3 + ama-ion cishe ngo-98NM. Ngomphumela wokuzwakala kwe-YB3 + nokudluliswa kwamandla kwe-Erbium ne-YTterbium, ukukhanya okungu-1530nm kungathuthukiswa kakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise kahle ukusebenza kahle kokukhanya.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-Erbium yterterbium Coo ihlehlize ingilazi ye-phosphate yanda kakhulu ngabacwaningi. Izibuko ze-phosphate ne-fluorophosphate zinokuqina okuhle kwamakhemikhali kanye nokushisa, kanye nokudluliselwa okubanzi kwe-infrared kanye nezimpawu ezinkulu zokukhiqiza ezingezona ezifanayo, zizenza izinto zokwakha ze-fiber ebanzi kanye ne-top ye-erbium-doped amplification amplafication fiber amplification fiber. I-YB3 + Ama-Fiber Amplifiers ama-DOped angakwazi ukufeza ukukhuliswa kwamandla kanye nokukhuliswa kwamandla okuncane, okwenza balungele izinkambu ezifana nezinzwa ze-fiber optic, ukukhulumisana kwe-laser yamahhala, kanye nokukhulumisana okufushane kwe-ultra. I-China njengamanje yakha umthamo wesiteshi esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni kanye nesivinini esisheshayo sokudlulisela isivinini esisheshayo, futhi inolwazi olubanzi kakhulu lomgwaqo omkhulu emhlabeni. I-YTTERBIM i-DOPED futhi eminye imihlaba engandile ye-fiber amplifiers kanye nezinto zokwakha ama-laser zidlala indima ebalulekile futhi ebalulekile kuzo.
Izici ze-veralral ze-yterterbium nazo zisetshenziswa njengezinto ezisezingeni eliphakeme ze-laser, zombili njengezinhlamvu ze-laser, izibuko ze-laser, kanye nama-lasers e-fiber. Njengezinto eziphakeme ze-laser yamandla aphezulu, amakristalu e-yterterbium doped laser asungule uchungechunge olukhulu, kufaka phakathi i-ytterbium doped yttrium aluminium garnet (yb: yag), ytterbium doped calium garnet (yb: i-ygg), ytterbium doped calcium garnet (yb: ygg) I-Strontium Fluorophosphate (YB: S-FAP), i-yterterbium doped yttrium vanadate (YB: Yv04), i-ytersterbium doped bolate, kanye nesilin. I-Semiconductor Laser (LD) uhlobo olusha lomthombo wamaphampu wama-lasers aqinile. I-YB: I-Yag inezici eziningi ezilungele ukupompa i-LD ephezulu ye-LD futhi sekuyinto eyenzekile ye-LD ye-LD ephezulu. I-YB: I-FAP Crystal ingahle isetshenziswe njengezinto ze-laser ze-laser nuclear fusion ngokuzayo, okuye kwaheha ukunakwa kwabantu. E-Tuneble Laser Crystals, kukhona i-Chromium Ytterbium Holmium Yttrium Aluminium Gallet Garnet (Cr, yb, Ho: Yagg) ngama-wavelengths asuka ku-2.84 kuye ku-3.05 μ μ ngokuqhubekayo phakathi kwe-M. Ngokusho kwezibalo, iningi lama-warheads we-infrared asetshenziswa emithonjeni ezungeze umhlaba Sebenzisa i-3-5 μ, ama-ho: ysgg lasers anganikeza ukuphazamiseka okusebenzayo kwezimali ezihambisanayo eziqondiswa infrared eziqondisiwe, futhi zinokubaluleka kwempi okubalulekile. I-China ithole uchungechunge lwemiphumela emisha enezinga eliphakeme lomhlaba jikelele emkhakheni we-Ytterbium Droped Laser Crystals (YB: I-YB: Ukuxazulula ubuchwepheshe obukhulu, yb Imiphumela yocwaningo isetshenzisiwe ekuvikelweni kwezwe lonke, imboni kanye nobunjiniyela besayensi, kanye nemikhiqizo ye-ytterbium doped Crystal imikhiqizo yethunyelwe emazweni amaningi nasezifundeni ezifana ne-United States neJapan.
Esinye isigaba esikhulu sezinto zokwenziwa ze-Ytterbium Laser iyingilazi ye-laser. Izibuko ezihlukile ze-Emissing Emission Cross-Second Izibuko ze-Laser zithuthukisiwe, kufaka phakathi i-termanium telterite, i-silicon niobate, i-bos, ne-phosphate. Ngenxa yokukhululeka kokubumba kwengilazi, kungenziwa ngosayizi omkhulu futhi inezimpawu ezinjengokudluliselwa okuphezulu kanye nokufana okuphezulu, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukukhiqiza ama-lasers aphezulu. Ingilazi ye-laser evamile ye-laser evamile ejwayele ukuba yi-neodyium ingilazi enkulu, enomlando wokuthuthuka kweminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40 kanye nokukhiqizwa okuvuthiwe nobuchwepheshe bohlelo lokusebenza. Bekulokhu bekulokhu okukhethwayo kwamadivayisi we-laser ephezulu kakhulu futhi kusetshenziswe kumadivayisi wokuhlola wenuzi wenuzi kanye nezikhali ze-laser. Amadivayisi we-Laser aphezulu akhiwe eChina, aqukethe ingilazi ye-laser neodymium njenge-main laser medium, afinyelele ezingeni eliphakeme lomhlaba. Kepha ingilazi ye-laser neodymium manje isebhekene nenselelo enamandla egazini iLaser yterterbium.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, inani elikhulu lezifundo likhombisile ukuthi izakhiwo eziningi ze-Laser yterterbium ingilazi zidlula lezo ze-neodymium. Ngenxa yokuthi i-yterterbium doped luminescence inamazinga amabili wamandla kuphela, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kuphezulu. Ku-inzuzo efanayo, ingilazi ye-ytterbium isebenza ngokusebenza kwamandla okugcina izikhathi eziyi-16 kunengilazi ye-neodymium, kanye nesikhathi sokuphila i-fluorescence amahlandla ama-3 we-neodymium. Futhi inezinzuzo ezinjengokuhlushwa okuphezulu kwe-doping, i-bandwidth yokumunca, futhi ingafakwa ngokuqondile yi-semiconductors, okwenza ilungele ama-lasers anamandla amakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwe-YTTERBIM laser Glass kuvame ukuthembela kusizo lweNeNodymium, njengokusebenzisa i-ND3 + njenge-Sensitizer ukwenza i-ytterbium laser ingilazi isebenze ekushiseni kwegumbi kanye μ μ egangerth. Ngakho-ke, i-yterterbium ne-neodymium bobabili bancintisana nabalingani abasebenzisanayo emkhakheni wengilazi ye-laser.
Ngokushintsha ukwakheka kwengilazi, izakhiwo eziningi ze-luminescent ze-Ytterbium Laser Glass zingathuthukiswa. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwama-lasers aphezulu aphezulu njengendlela esemqoka, ama-lasers enziwe ngengilazi ye-ytterbium laser aya ngokuya asetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yanamuhla, ezolimo, emithini, ukucwaninga kwesayensi, kanye nezicelo zezempi.
Ukusetshenziswa Kwezempi: Kusetshenziswa amandla akhiqizwe yi-fusion yenuzi njengoba amandla abelokhu enomgomo olindelekile, futhi afeze ukufunwa kwenuzi elawulwayo kuzoba yindlela ebalulekile yobuntu ukuxazulula izinkinga zamandla ukuxazulula izinkinga zamandla ukuxazulula izinkinga zamandla. I-YTTERBIM DOPED LASER Glass iseba sezinto ezithandwayo zokuthola ukuthuthukiswa kokuvalelwa kwe-FUSIS (ICF) ngekhulu lama-21 ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuhle kwe-laser.
Izikhali ze-Laser zisebenzisa amandla amakhulu wokhonkolo we-laser ukushaya kanye nokubhubhisa okuhlosiwe, ukukhiqiza amazinga okushisa kwezigidi zama-degrees Celsius futhi ahlasele ngokuqondile ngejubane lokukhanya. Zingabizwa ngokuthi yiNadana futhi zinokulimala okukhulu, ikakhulukazi ezilungele izinhlelo zesimanje zokuvikela umoya empini. Ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwe-Ytterbium Dooped Laser Glass kwenze kwaba yinto ebalulekile eyisisekelo yokukhiqiza amandla aphezulu okukhiqiza kanye nezikhali eziphezulu ze-laser.
I-Fibre Laser ingubuchwepheshe obusha ngokushesha futhi ingeyasensimini yezicelo ze-laser Glass. I-Fibre Laser iyi-laser esebenzisa i-fiber njengoba i-laser medium, okuwumkhiqizo wenhlanganisela ye-fiber nezobuchwepheshe be-laser. Kungubuchwepheshe obusha be-laser obuthuthukiswe ngesisekelo se-Erbium Donped Fiber Amplifier (Edfa) Technology. I-leaser ye-fiber ihlanganiswa nge-semiconductor laser diode njengomthombo wephampu, i-waveguide ye-fiber oplic kanye nezakhi eziphakathi nendawo eziphakathi nendawo njengezithandani. Akudingi ukulungiswa kwemishini kwendlela yokubona, futhi inqubo ihlanganiswe futhi kulula ukuyihlanganisa. Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-lasers aqinile wesimo sendabuko kanye nama-seconductor ama-lasers, anezinzuzo zezobuchwepheshe nezobuchwepheshe ezifana nekhwalithi ephezulu ye-beam, ukuzinza okuhle, ukumelana okuqinile kokuphazamiseka kwemvelo, akukho kulungiswa, kanye nokwakhiwa okuhlangene. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-ion anama-doped ikakhulukazi akwenziwa nge-ND + 3, 3, i-TM + 3, i-hojer ye-Arest, wonke asetshenziswa yinkampani engabizwa nge-laser yomhlaba engavamile.
Isicelo se-Laser: I-High Power Ytterbium doped Double Clad Clad I-Laser isibe yinsimu eshisayo kubuchwepheshe be-laser-state-state laser emhlabeni jikelele eminyakeni yamuva. Inezinzuzo zekhwalithi enhle ye-beam, ukwakheka okuhlangene, nokuguqulwa okuphezulu okuphezulu, futhi inamathemba okusebenza abanzi ekusebenzeni kwezimboni nakwezinye izinkambu. I-Double Clad Ytterbium Dooped Fibers ilungele ukupompa kwe-seconductor laser, ngokusebenza okuphezulu okuhlangene kanye namandla aphezulu okukhipha ama-laser, futhi kungukuqondiswa kwentuthuko okuyinhloko kwemicu ye-ytterbium doped fibers. Ubuchwepheshe be-Double Clad Ytterbium Drad ytterbium doped doped fiber ayisasenazo ezingeni eliphakeme lamazwe aphesheya. I-yterterbium doped fiber, i-double clad yterterbium doped fiber, futhi i-erbium yterterbium Coo I-fiber fiber ethuthukisiwe eChina ifinyelele ezingeni eliphakeme lemikhiqizo esebenzayo kanye nokwethembeka, futhi inezinzuzo zobunikazi obuhle kakhulu zemikhiqizo nezindlela eziningi.
Inkampani yaseJalimane eyaziwayo yaseJalimane i-IPG Laser isanda kumemezela ukuthi uhlelo lwabo olusanda kwethulwa lwe-ytterbium doped doped fiber system inezimpawu ezinhle kakhulu ze-beam, impilo yephampu yamahora angaphezu kuka-570nm-108NM, kanye namandla okukhishwa afinyelela ku-20KW. Kusetshenzisiwe ekushiseni okuhle, ukusika, nokumba kwamatshe.
Izinto ze-Laser ziyisisekelo nesisekelo sokwakhiwa kobuchwepheshe be-laser. Bekulokhu bekulokhu kuyizwi embonini ye-laser 'isizukulwane esisodwa sezinto zokwakha, isizukulwane esisodwa samadivayisi'. Ukuthuthukisa amadivaysi e-laser athuthukile futhi asebenzayo, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqale unazo izinto zokusebenza ze-laser ephezulu futhi uhlanganise nabanye ubuchwepheshe obufanele. I-YTterbium Droped Laser Crystals ne-laser Glass, njengamandla amasha ezinto eziqinile ze-laser, zithuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-fiber optic kanye nobuchwepheshe be-licler fusion ephakeme njengama-lasers aphezulu we-nuclear, kanye nama-laser aphezulu wezikhali.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-YTTERBUM isetshenziswa futhi njenge-activerator ye-fluorescent powder, ama-ceramics we-ceramics, izengezo zezakhi zememori yekhompyutha ye-elekthronikhi (ama-bubble kazibuthe), kanye nezithasiselo zengilazi ye-optical. Kufanele kuboniswe ukuthi i-yttrium ne-yttrium zombili izinto zomhlaba ezingavamile. Yize kunomehluko obalulekile kumagama esiNgisi nezimpawu zento, izinhlamvu zamafoni zaseChinese zinama-syllables afanayo. Kwezinye izinguqulo zamaShayina, i-YTTRIUM kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa ngephutha njenge-YTtrium. Kulokhu, kudingeka silandelele umbhalo wokuqala bese sihlanganisa izimpawu zento okufanele siqinisekise.
Isikhathi sePosi: Aug-30-2023