I-Dysprosium,uphawu Dy kanye nenombolo ye-athomu 66. It is aisici somhlaba esingavamilenge-metallic luster. I-Dysprosium ayikaze itholakale njengento eyodwa emvelweni, nakuba ikhona kumaminerali ahlukahlukene njenge-yttrium phosphate.
Ubuningi be-dysprosium kuqweqwe yi-6ppm, ephansi kunaleyo ye
i-yttriumkuzakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile ezisindayo. Kubhekwa njengento enzima kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa
Isici somhlaba esingavamile futhi sinikeza isisekelo esihle sensiza ukuze sisetshenziswe.
I-Dysprosium esimweni sayo semvelo yakhiwe ama-isotopes ayisikhombisa, amaningi kakhulu yi-164 Dy.
I-Dysprosium yaqale yatholwa nguPaul Achilleck de Bospoland ngo-1886, kodwa kwaze kwaba yilapho ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokushintshaniswa kwe-ion ngawo-1950 lapho yayihlukaniswe ngokuphelele. I-Dysprosium inezinhlelo zokusebenza ezimbalwa uma kuqhathaniswa ngoba ayikwazi ukuthathelwa indawo ezinye izakhi zamakhemikhali.
Usawoti we-dysprosium oncibilikayo unobuthi obuncane, kuyilapho usawoti ongancibiliki uthathwa njengokungewona ubuthi.
Ukuthola Umlando
Kutholwe ngu: L. Boisbaudran, French
Kutholwe ngo-1886 eFrance
Ngemva kokuba uMossander ehlukenei-erbiumumhlaba kanyei-terbiumumhlaba kusuka ku-yttrium earth ngo-1842, osokhemisi abaningi basebenzisa ukuhlaziya okubonakalayo ukuze babone futhi banqume ukuthi kwakungewona ama-oxide ahlanzekile ento ethile, eyakhuthaza osokhemisi ukuthi baqhubeke bewahlukanisa. Eminyakeni eyisikhombisa ngemva kokuhlukaniswa kwe-holmium, ngo-1886, uBouvabadrand wayihlukanisa phakathi futhi wagcina i-holmium, enye ebizwa ngokuthi i-dysprosium, enophawu oluyisisekelo u-D. Leli gama livela egameni lesiGreki elithi dysprositos futhi lisho ukuthi 'okunzima ukulithola'. Ngokutholwa kwe-dysprosium nezinye izakhi zomhlaba eziyivelakancane, enye ingxenye yesigaba sesithathu sokutholwa kwezinto ezingavamile zomhlaba isiqediwe.
Ukucushwa kwe-electron
Isakhiwo se-elekthronikhi:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f10
isotope
Esimeni sayo semvelo, i-dysprosium yakhiwe ama-isotopes ayisikhombisa: 156Dy, 158Dy, 160Dy, 161Dy, 162Dy, 163Dy, kanye ne-164Dy. Konke lokhu kubhekwa njengokuzinzile, naphezu kokubola kwe-156Dy ngesigamu sempilo engaphezu kweminyaka engu-1 * 1018. Phakathi kwama-isotopes enzeke ngokwemvelo, i-164Dy iyona evame kakhulu kuma-28%, ilandelwa yi-162Dy ku-26%. Okungenani okwanele yi-156Dy, i-0.06%. Ama-isotopes angama-29 anemisebe nawo ahlanganisiwe, asukela ku-138 kuya ku-173, ngokwesisindo se-athomu. Ozinzile kakhulu yi-154Dy enesigamu-impilo cishe yeminyaka engu-3106, ilandelwa i-159Dy enesigamu sempilo yezinsuku ezingu-144.4. Okungazinzile kakhulu yi-138 Dy ene-half-life yama-millisecond angama-200. I-154Dy ibangelwa kakhulu ukubola kwe-alpha, kuyilapho ukubola kwe-152Dy ne-159Dy kubangelwa ikakhulukazi ukuthunjwa kwama-electron.
Insimbi
I-Dysprosium inokucwebezela kwensimbi kanye nokucwebezela kwesiliva okukhanyayo. Ithambile futhi ingenziwa ngomshini ngaphandle kwenhlansi uma kugwenywa ukushisa ngokweqile. Izakhiwo ezingokomzimba ze-dysprosium zithinteka ngisho nenani elincane lokungcola. I-Dysprosium ne-holmium zinamandla amakhulu kazibuthe, ikakhulukazi emazingeni okushisa aphansi. I-dysprosium ferromagnet elula iba yisimo se-helical antiferromagnetic emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-85 K (-188.2 C) nangaphezulu kuka-85 K (-188.2 C), lapho wonke ama-athomu ehambisana nongqimba olungezansi ngesikhathi esithile futhi abhekane nezingqimba eziseduze nge-engeli engashintshi. . Le antiferromagnetism engavamile ishintsha ibe yisimo esingalungile (paramagnetic) ku-179 K (-94 C).
Isicelo:
(1) Njengesengezo sikazibuthe we-neodymium iron boron unomphela, ukwengeza cishe u-2-3% we-dysprosium kulolu hlobo lukazibuthe kungathuthukisa ukuphoqelela kwayo. Esikhathini esidlule, isidingo se-dysprosium sasingekho phezulu, kodwa ngenxa yesidingo esikhulayo samamagnethi we-iron boron ye-neodymium, ibe yinto edingekayo yokwengeza, enebanga elizungeze i-95-99.9%, futhi isidingo sikhula ngokushesha.
(2) I-Dysprosium isetshenziswa njenge-activator ye-phosphors, futhi i-trivalent Dysprosium iyi-ion esebenzayo ethembisayo yezinto ezikhanyayo zesikhungo esisodwa esikhipha i-tricolor. Ikakhulukazi yakhiwe amabhendi amabili e-emission, eyodwa i-yellow emission, kanti enye i-blue emission. I-Dysprosium doped luminescent materials ingasetshenziswa njenge-tricolor phosphors.
(3) I-Dysprosium iyimpahla eluhlaza yensimbi edingekayo ukuze kulungiswe i-alloy enkulu ye-magnetostrictive i-Terfenol, engenza ukunyakaza kwemishini okunembile kufezwe.
(4)I-Dysprosium yensimbi ingasetshenziswa njengento yokugcina i-magneto-optical enejubane eliphezulu lokurekhoda nokuzwela kokufunda.
(5) Ukuze kulungiswe izibani ze-dysprosium, into esebenzayo esetshenziswa izibani ze-dysprosium i-dysprosium iodide. Lolu hlobo lwesibani lunezinzuzo ezifana nokukhanya okuphezulu, umbala omuhle, izinga lokushisa lombala ophezulu, usayizi omncane, kanye ne-arc ezinzile. Isetshenziswe njengomthombo wokukhanyisa wama-movie, ukuphrinta, nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zokukhanyisa.
(6) Ngenxa yendawo enkulu ye-neutron yokubamba ingxenye ephambanayo yesici se-dysprosium, isetshenziswa embonini yamandla e-athomu ukukala i-neutron spectra noma njengesimunyisi neutron.
(7) I-Dy3Al5O12 ingasetshenziswa futhi njengento esebenzayo kazibuthe yesiqandisi kazibuthe. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, izinkambu zokusetshenziswa kwe-dysprosium zizoqhubeka nokukhula futhi zandise.
(8) Ama-nanofiber ahlanganisiwe e-Dysprosium anamandla amakhulu nendawo engaphezulu, ngakho angasetshenziswa ukuqinisa ezinye izinto noma njengama-catalyst. Ukushisisa isixazululo esinamanzi se-DyBr3 ne-NaF ku-450 bar pressure amahora angu-17 kuya ku-450 ° C kungakhiqiza imicu ye-dysprosium fluoride. Lokhu kwaziswa kungahlala kuzixazululo ezihlukahlukene ezinamanzi amahora angaphezu kuka-100 ngaphandle kokuhlakazeka noma ukuhlanganisa emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-400 ° C.
(9) Iziqandisi zokususa uzibuthe ezishisayo zisebenzisa amakristalu kasawoti e-paramagnetic dysprosium, okuhlanganisa i-dysprosium gallium garnet (DGG), i-dysprosium aluminium garnet (DAG), ne-dysprosium iron garnet (DyIG).
(10) Izakhi zeqembu le-Dysprosium cadmium oxide ziyimithombo yemisebe ye-infrared engasetshenziswa ukutadisha ukusabela kwamakhemikhali. I-Dysprosium nezinhlanganisela zayo zinezici ezinamandla kazibuthe, ezizenza zibe usizo kumadivayisi okugcina idatha njengama-hard drive.
(11) Ingxenye ye-neodymium kamazibuthe we-iron boron ye-neodymium ingathathelwa indawo yi-dysprosium ukuze kukhuliswe ukuphoqelela futhi kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokushisa kozibuthe. Isetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezinezidingo zokusebenza eziphezulu ezifana nama-motor drive motor kagesi. Izimoto ezisebenzisa lolu hlobo lukazibuthe zingaqukatha kufika ku-100 amagremu we-dysprosium ngemoto ngayinye. Ngokwezibalo ezilinganiselwa ku-2 million zokuthengwa kwezimoto zakwaToyota ngonyaka, maduze zizoqeda ukutholakala kwe-dysprosium metal emhlabeni jikelele. Izibuthe ezithathelwa indawo yi-dysprosium nazo zinokumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu.
(12) Izinhlanganisela ze-Dysprosium zingasetshenziswa njengezisusa ekuhluzeni uwoyela nezimboni zamakhemikhali. Uma i-dysprosium yengezwa njengomgqugquzeli wesakhiwo ku-ferrioxide ammonia synthesis catalyst, umsebenzi we-catalytic kanye nokumelana nokushisa kwe-catalyst kungathuthukiswa. I-Dysprosium oxide ingasetshenziswa njenge-high-frequency dielectric ceramic component material, enesakhiwo se-Mg0-Ba0-Dy0n-Ti02, esingasetshenziselwa ama-dielectric resonators, izihlungi ze-dielectric, ama-diplexer e-dielectric, namadivayisi okuxhumana.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-23-2023