Dysprosium,I-Symbol Dy ne-Atomic Inombolo 66. Kuyintointo yomhlaba engavamilengensimbi ye-luster. I-Dysprosium ayikaze itholakale njengento eyodwa yemvelo, yize ikhona kumaminerali ahlukahlukene anjenge-yttrium phosphate.
Ubuningi be-dysprosium ku-crust yi-6ppm, ephansi kunaleyo
ytttriumezintweni ezinamandla zomhlaba ezingandile. Kubhekwa njengesisindo esiningi
I-Rare Earth Element futhi ihlinzeka ngesisekelo esihle sezinsiza zohlelo lokusebenza.
I-Dysprosium esembusweni wayo wemvelo yakhiwa ama-isotopes ayisikhombisa, ngokuningi kakhulu kwaba ngu-164 Dy.
I-Dysprosium ekuqaleni yatholwa nguPaul Achilleck de Bosloland ngo-1886, kepha bekungenjalo kuze kube yilapho kuthuthukiswa ubuchwepheshe be-Ion Exchange Technology ngawo-1950s ukuthi lalodwa ngokuphelele. I-Dysprosium inezicelo ezimbalwa ezimbalwa ngoba ayikwazi ukushintshwa ezinye izinto zamakhemikhali.
Usawoti we-soluble dysprosium unawo ubuthi obuncane, ngenkathi usawoti ongenakukhohlisa uthathwa njengongewona ubuthi.
Ukuthola Umlando
Kutholwe ngu: L. Boisbaudran, French
Kutholwe ngo-1886 eFrance
Ngemuva kokuhlukaniswa kwe-mossanderumphethoumhlaba futhii-terbiumUmhlaba wase-YTtrium Earth ngo-1842, ochwepheshe bamakhemikhali abaningi basebenzise ukuhlaziya okubonakalayo ukukhomba nokunquma ukuthi bekungeyona ama-oxides amsulwa wento, eyagqugquzela osokhemisi ukuthi baqhubeke nokuzihlukanisa. Ngemuva kweminyaka eyisikhombisa ngemuva kokuhlukaniswa kweHalmium, ngo-1886, uBouvabadrand wahlukanisa ngesigamu futhi wagcina iHolprosium, enye ebizwa ngokuthi i-dysprosium, enophawu lwesibonakaliso sokuqala dy. Leli gama livela egameni lesiGreki elithi Dysprositos futhi lisho ukuthi 'kunzima ukuthola'. Ngokutholakele kwe-dysprosium nezinye izinto zomhlaba ezingandile, enye ingxenye yesigaba sesithathu sokutholwa kwento engafani neyesigaba.
Ukucushwa kwe-elektroni
Isakhiwo se-elekthronikhi:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3D10 4p6 5S2 4D10 5p6 6s2 4F10
isotha
Esimweni sayo semvelo, i-dysprosium yakhiwa ama-isotopes ayisikhombisa: 156Dy, 158Dy, 161Dy, 161Dy, 161Dy, 164Dy, 164Dy. Konke lokhu kubhekwa njengokuzinzile, naphezu kokubola ngo-156dy nge-Half-Life of 1 * 1018 iminyaka. Phakathi kwama-isotopes avela ngokwemvelo, i-164DY iyona enala kakhulu ku-28%, ilandelwe ngu-162dy ngo-26%. Okuncane okunele kungu-156dy, 0.06%. I-Isotopes e-Radioactiveactive nayo ihlelwe, isukela ku-138 kuya ku-173, ngokuya nge-athomun mass. Ozinzile kakhulu ngu-154dy nge-Half-Life of cishe iminyaka engama-3106, elandelwa ngu-159Dy ngenhlanganisela-impilo yezinsuku eziyi-144.4. Okungazinzile kakhulu kungu-138 dy nge-Half-Life ka-200 millelisecond. I-154Dy ibangelwa ikakhulukazi yi-alpha ukubola, kuyilapho ukuwohloka kuka-152dy kanye no-159dy kubangelwa kakhulu ukuthwebula i-elektroni.
Insimbi yanama ini
I-Dysprosium ine-luster yensimbi kanye ne-luster yesiliva ekhanyayo. Ithambile impela futhi ingafakwa imishini ngaphandle kokukhazimula uma kugwenywa ngokweqile. Izakhiwo ezibonakalayo ze-dysprosium zithintwa yinani elincane lokungcola. I-Dysprosium neHalmium banamandla amakhulu kabuzi, ikakhulukazi emazingeni okushisa aphansi. I-dysprosium Ferromagnet elula iba yisimo se-antical antiferromagnetic emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-85 k (-188.2 c) ngaphezulu kwe-85 k (lapho wonke ama-athomu ahambisana nesendlalelo esinqunyiwe ngasikhathi esithile engela elithile. Le arniferromagnetism engajwayelekile iguqula ibe yisimo esiphazamisekile (paramagnetic) esimweni ngo-179 K (-94 c).
Isicelo:
. Esikhathini esedlule, isidingo se-dysprosium sasingephezulu, kepha ngesidingo esandayo seNeodymium Iron Boron Magnets, kwaba yinto edingekayo yesengezo, nebanga le-95-99.9%, futhi okufunwa nakho kukhula ngokushesha.
. Ihlanganiswe ikakhulukazi ama-emussion band amabili akhipha, omunye ukuphuma okuphuzi, kanti omunye akhiphe oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izinto ze-DySprosium Donped Luminescent zingasetshenziswa njengeTricolor phospors.
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(4)I-Dysprosium Metal Ingasetshenziswa njengezinto zokugcina ze-magneto-optical ngesivinini esiphezulu sokuqopha nokuzwela kokufunda.
(5) Ukulungiswa kwamalambu we-dysprosium, into esebenzayo esetshenziswe kumalambu we-dysprosium yi-dysprosium iodide. Lolu hlobo lwesibani lunezinzuzo ezinjengokukhanya okuphezulu, umbala omuhle, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme, usayizi omncane, ne-arc ezinzile. Kusetshenziswe njengomthombo wokukhanyisa ama-movie, ukuphrinta, nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zokukhanyisa.
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(7) UDy3Al5o12 angasetshenziswa futhi njengento esebenza kazibuthe yokuqapha kazibuthe. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, izinkambu zohlelo lokusebenza ze-dysprosium zizoqhubeka zikhulisa futhi zinwebe.
. Ukushisa isixazululo esinamanzi se-dybr3 ne-NAF ku-450 bar transsure yamahora ayi-17 kuya ku-450 ° C kungakhiqiza imicu ye-dyprosium fluoride. Lokhu okuqukethwe kungahlala ezixazululweni ezahlukahlukene zamanzi zamahora angaphezu kwe-100 ngaphandle kokuchithwa noma ukuhlanganiswa emazingeni okushisa adlula ama-400 ° C.
(9) Qamba ama-demitnetization design
. I-Dysprosium kanye namakhompiyutha ayo anezakhiwo eziqinile zamazibuthe, azibenze zilusizo kumadivayisi wokugcina idatha afana nokushayela kanzima.
. Isetshenziswa kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezinezidingo eziphezulu zokusebenza njenge-Electric Vehicy Drive Motors. Izimoto ezisebenzisa lolu hlobo lwezinkathi zingaqukatha amagremu ayi-100 e-dysprosium ngemoto ngayinye. Ngokusho konyaka olinganiswe ngonyaka weToyota wezimoto ezi-2 zezigidi ezi-2, kungekudala uzokuqeda ukunikezwa komhlaba wonke kwe-dysprosium Metal. UMagnets ungene esikhundleni nge-dysprosium futhi unokumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu.
(12) Amakhompiyutha e-dysprosium angasetshenziswa njengama-catalysts kumafutha acwengile kanye nezimboni zamakhemikhali. Uma i-dysprosium ingezwa njengomgqugquzeli wesakhiwo e-Ferrioxide ammonia synthesis catalyst, umsebenzi we-catalytic kanye nokumelana nokushisa kwe-catalyst kungathuthukiswa. I-Dysprosium Oxide ingasetshenziswa njengezinto ezivame ukwenziwa kwengxenye ye-geensect ceramic ceramic ceramic, ngesakhiwo se-MG0-Ba0-Dy0n-TI02, esingasetshenziselwa ama-dielectric resonators, ama-dielectric fillters, namadivayisi wokuxhumana.
Isikhathi sePosi: Aug-23-2023