Umthombo: I-Cailian News Agency
Muva nje, i-China Rare Earth Industry Chain Forum yesithathu ngo-2023 ibibanjelwe eGanzhou. Intatheli evela ku-Cailian News Agency ifunde emhlanganweni ukuthi imboni inethemba lokukhula okuqhubekayo kwesidingo somhlaba esingavamile kulo nyaka, futhi ilindele ukukhulula inani eliphelele lokulawula umhlaba ongavamile kanye nokugcina izintengo zomhlaba ezingavamile ezizinzile. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuncipha kwezingqinamba zokulethwa kwezidingo, amanani omhlaba angavamile angase aqhubeke ehla.
I-Cailian News Agency, Mashi 29(Intatheli u-Wang Bin) Intengo kanye nesabelo amagama amabili abalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yomhlaba engavamile eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Muva nje, i-China Rare Earth Industry Chain Forum yesithathu ngo-2023 ibibanjelwe eGanzhou. Intatheli evela ku-Cailian News Agency ifunde emhlanganweni ukuthi imboni inethemba lokukhula okuqhubekayo kwesidingo somhlaba esingavamile kulo nyaka, futhi ilindele ukukhulula inani eliphelele lokulawula umhlaba ongavamile kanye nokugcina izintengo zomhlaba ezingavamile ezizinzile. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuncipha kwezingqinamba zokulethwa kwezidingo, amanani omhlaba angavamile angase aqhubeke ehla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ochwepheshe abaningi emhlanganweni babonisa ukuthi imboni yasekhaya yomhlaba engavamile idinga ukwenza ukuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo. U-Liu Gang, oyilungu leKhomishini Yentuthuko Kazwelonke kanye nePhini likaMeya weDolobha laseQiqihar, eSifundazweni saseHeilongjiang, uthe, “Okwamanje, ubuchwepheshe baseShayina bokumbiwa phansi nokuncibilikisa umhlaba obungavamile sebuthuthuke emhlabeni wonke, kodwa ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezinto ezintsha zomhlaba ezingavamile. kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemishini ebalulekile, kusasele ngemuva kwezinga elithuthukile lamazwe ngamazwe. Ukunqamula ukuvinjwa kwamalungelo obunikazi angaphandle kuzoba yinkinga yesikhathi eside ebhekene nokuthuthukiswa komkhakha womhlaba ongavamile waseShayina. "
Izintengo zomhlaba ezingavamile zingase ziqhubeke zehla
“Ukuqaliswa kokuhloswe kwekhabhoni ekabili kusheshise ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ezifana namandla omoya kanye nezimoto zamandla amasha, okuholele ekwenyukeni okukhulu kwesidingo sezinto zikazibuthe ezihlala unomphela, indawo enkulu kunazo zonke esetshenziswa ngaphansi komfula emhlabeni ongavamile. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje, izinkomba zenani eliphelele lokulawula umhlaba ongavamile ngokwezinga elithile lehlulekile ukuhlangabezana nokukhula kwesidingo esingaphansi komfula, futhi kunegebe elithile lokuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo emakethe.” Umuntu ohlobene nemboni yomhlaba engavamile uthe.
Ngokuka-Chen Zhanheng, iPhini likaNobhala-Jikelele we-China Rare Earth Industry Association, ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsiza sekuyinkinga enkulu ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yomhlaba eyivelakancane yaseChina. Ukhulume izikhathi eziningi ukuthi inqubomgomo yokulawulwa kwenani eliphelele ikhawule kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yomhlaba engavamile, futhi kuyadingeka ukulwela ukukhululwa kwenani eliphelele lokulawula ukukhanya okungavamile kwamaminerali omhlaba ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, ukuvumela ukukhanya okungavamile komhlaba. amabhizinisi ezimayini afana ne-Northern Rare Earth kanye ne-Sichuan Jiangtong ukuze ahlele ukukhiqizwa kwawo ngokusekelwe kumthamo wawo wokukhiqiza, ukunikezwa kwe-ore yomhlaba eyivelakancane, kanye nesidingo semakethe.
Ngomhla zingama-24 kuNdasa, kwakhishwa “Isaziso Sezikhombisi Zenani Eliphelele Leqoqo Lokuqala Lezimayini Ezingavamile Zomhlaba, Ukuncibilikisa, Nokuhlukaniswa ngo-2023″, futhi isamba sezinkomba zokulawula inani sikhuphuke ngo-18.69% uma kuqhathaniswa nenqwaba efanayo ngo-2022. U-Wang Ji, uMphathi we-Rare and Precious Metals Division ye-Shanghai Iron and Steel Union, ubikezele ukuthi inani eliphelele izimayini, ukuncibilikisa kanye nokwehlukaniswa kweqoqo lesibili lezinkomba zomhlaba ezingavamile kuzokhuphuka cishe ngo-10% kuya ku-15% engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka.
Umbono ka-Wang Ji uthi ubudlelwano phakathi kokunikezwa kanye nesidingo se-praseodymium ne-neodymium sebushintshile, iphethini eqinile yokuhlinzekwa kwe-praseodymium ne-neodymium oxide iye yaba ngcono, okwamanje kukhona ukugcwala kancane kwezinsimbi, futhi ama-oda avela ezinkampanini ezisebenza ngozibuthe ezansi nomfula awakafinyeleli okulindelekile. . Izintengo ze-Praseodymium ne-neodymium ekugcineni zidinga ukusekelwa kwabathengi. Ngakho-ke, intengo yesikhathi esifushane ye-praseodymium ne-neodymium isabuswa ukulungiswa okubuthakathaka, futhi ububanzi bokuguquguquka kwentengo ye-praseodymium ne-neodymium oxide kubikezelwa ukuthi buyi-48-62 million/ton.
Ngokusho kwedatha evela ku-China Rare Earth Industry Association, kusukela ngoMashi 27, inani lentengo elimaphakathi le-praseodymium ne-neodymium oxide lalingu-553000 yuan/ton, lehle ngo-1/3 kusukela enanini eliyisilinganiso langonyaka odlule futhi liseduze nenani eliyisilinganiso ngoMashi 2021. Futhi U-2021 uyiphoyinti lokushintsha inzuzo yalo lonke uchungechunge lwemboni yomhlaba engavamile. Kukholakala kabanzi embonini ukuthi okuwukuphela kwezindawo ezihlonzwe ukukhula kwesidingo sikamazibuthe abasemhlabeni abangavamile kulo nyaka izimoto zamandla amasha, ama-air conditioner ashintshashintshayo, namarobhothi ezimboni, kuyilapho ezinye izindawo zincipha.
U-Liu Jing, iPhini likaMongameli weShanghai Iron and Steel Union, uveze, “Mayelana namatheminali, kulindeleke ukuthi izinga lokukhula kwama-oda emikhakheni yamandla omoya, isimo somoya, nama-C amathathu lihambe kancane, uhlelo lokuhleleka. izoba mfishane, futhi amanani entengo yezinto zokusetshenziswa azoqhubeka ekhuphuka, kuyilapho ukwamukelwa kwetheminali kuzokwehla kancane kancane, kwakhe ukusimama phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezimbili. Ngokombono wezinto ezingavuthiwe, ukuthengwa kwamanye amazwe kanye nokumbiwa kwensimbi eluhlaza kuzogcina ukukhuphuka okuthile, kodwa ukuzethemba kwabathengi bemakethe akwanele.”
U-Liu Gang uveze ukuthi eminyakeni yamuva nje, kube nokukhuphuka okuphawulekayo kwentengo yemikhiqizo yamaminerali angavamile, okuholele ekwenyukeni okukhulu kwezindleko zokukhiqiza amabhizinisi asemuva ochungechungeni lwezimboni, ukwehla okukhulu kwezimboni. izinzuzo noma ukulahlekelwa okukhulu, okuholela esenzeka “kokunciphisa umkhiqizo noma okungenakugwemeka, ukufaka esikhundleni noma okungenakuzisiza”, okuthinta intuthuko esimeme yalo lonke uchungechunge lwezimboni zomhlaba ezingavamile. “Uchungechunge lwemboni yomhlaba engavamile lunama-node amaningi okuthengwa kwempahla, amaketanga amade, nezinguquko ezisheshayo. Ukuthuthukisa indlela yamanani embonini yomhlaba eyivelakancane akusizi nje kuphela ukuzuza ukunciphisa izindleko kanye nokwenyuka kwekhono embonini, kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ngempumelelo ukuncintisana kwezimboni.”
U-Chen Zhanheng ukholelwa ukuthi intengo yomhlaba ongavamile ingase iqhubeke nokwehla. “Kunzima embonini esezansi nomfula ukwamukela intengo ye-praseodymium neodymium oxide engaphezu kuka-800000 ngethani ngalinye, futhi akwamukelekile embonini yamandla omoya engaphezu kuka-600000 ithani ngalinye. Ukugeleza kwendali kwakamuva kokuthengiwe kwamabhidi ku-Stock Exchange kuwuphawu olucace bha: esikhathini esidlule, bekunejubane lokuthenga, kodwa manje akekho ongamthenga.”
“Izimayini nokuthengisa kubheke phansi” okungalawuleki kokululama okungavamile komhlaba
Ukugaywa kabusha komhlaba okungavamile kuba omunye umthombo obalulekile wokutholakala komhlaba ongavamile. U-Wang Ji waveza ukuthi ngo-2022, ukukhiqizwa kwe-praseodymium egaywe kabusha kanye neodymium kwabalelwa ku-42% womthombo wensimbi we-praseodymium ne-neodymium. Ngokwezibalo ezivela e-Shanghai Steel Union (300226. SZ), ukukhiqizwa kwemfucuza ye-NdFeB e-China kuzofinyelela amathani angu-70000 ngo-2022.
Kuyaqondakala ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo efanayo evela ku-ore eluhlaza, ukugaywa kabusha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemfucuza engavamile yomhlaba kunezinzuzo eziningi: izinqubo ezimfushane, izindleko eziphansi, nokunciphisa "imfucumfucu emithathu". Isebenzisa izinsiza ngendlela efanele, inciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, futhi ivikele ngempumelelo imithombo yomhlaba eyivelakancane yezwe.
U-Liu Weihua, uMqondisi we-Huahong Technology (002645. SZ) kanye noSihlalo we-Anxintai Technology Co., Ltd., ubonise ukuthi izinsiza zomhlaba ezingavamile ziwumthombo okhethekile. Ngesikhathi kukhiqizwa i-neodymium iron boron magnetic materials, cishe u-25% kuya ku-30% wemfucuza ekhoneni kukhiqizwa, futhi ithani ngalinye le-praseodymium ne-neodymium oxide elitholiwe lilingana namathani angaphansi kuka-10000 we-ion ion yomhlaba eyivelakancane noma amathani amahlanu omhlaba ongavamile. insimbi.
U-Liu Weihua uthe inani le-neodymium, iron, ne-boron elitholwe ezimotweni zikagesi ezinamasondo amabili njengamanje lidlula amathani ayi-10000, futhi ukuhlakazwa kwezimoto zikagesi ezinamasondo amabili kuzokwenyuka kakhulu esikhathini esizayo. “Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelele, isibalo samanje sezimoto zikagesi ezinamasondo amabili eChina silinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-200, kanti ukukhiqizwa konyaka kwezimoto zikagesi ezinamasondo amabili kucishe kube izigidi ezingama-50. Ngokuqiniswa kwezinqubomgomo zokuvikela imvelo, umbuso uzosheshisa ukuqedwa kwezimoto ezinamasondo amabili ezine-lead-acid ezikhiqizwa ekuqaleni, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ukudilizwa kwezimoto zikagesi ezinamasondo amabili kuzokwanda kakhulu esikhathini esizayo.”
“Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umbuso uyaqhubeka nokuhlanza kanye nokulungisa amaphrojekthi okusetshenziswa kabusha kwemithombo yomhlaba eyivelakancane engekho emthethweni futhi engathobeli imithetho, futhi uzoqeda amabhizinisi athile agaywa kabusha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaqembu amakhulu kanye nezimakethe zezimali ziyabandakanyeka, okwenza kube nenzuzo yokuncintisana. Ukusinda kwabanamandla kuzonyusa kancane kancane izinga lemboni, ”kusho uLiu Weihua.
Ngokusho kwentatheli evela e-Cailian News Agency, okwamanje kunamabhizinisi angaba ngu-40 abambe iqhaza ekuhlukaniseni izinto ezigaywe kabusha ze-neodymium, i-iron, kanye ne-boron ezweni lonke, nenani eliphelele lokukhiqiza amathani angaphezu kuka-60000 we-REO. Phakathi kwazo, amabhizinisi amahlanu aphezulu okugaywa kabusha embonini athatha cishe u-70% wamandla okukhiqiza.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi imboni yamanje ye-neodymium iron boron recycling ibhekene nesenzakalo "sokuthenga okuhlehliswayo nokuthengisa", okungukuthi, ukuthenga okuphezulu nokudayisa okuphansi.
U-Liu Weihua uthe kusukela ngekota yesibili yonyaka odlule, ukugaywa kabusha kwemfucuza engavamile bekusesimweni esibi kakhulu, okukhawulela kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwale mboni. Ngokuka-Liu Weihua, kunezizathu ezintathu eziyinhloko zalesi simo: ukwanda okukhulu kwamandla okukhiqiza amabhizinisi agaywa kabusha, ukwehla kwesidingo esibulalayo, kanye nokwamukelwa kwemodeli yokuxhumanisa insimbi nemfucuza ngamaqembu amakhulu ukunciphisa ukujikeleza kwemakethe yemfucuza. .
U-Liu Weihua uveze ukuthi umthamo okhona wokubuyisela umhlaba ongavamile ezweni lonke ungamathani ayi-60000, futhi eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuhloswe ngawo ukwandisa umthamo ngamathani acishe abe ngu-80000, okubangele ukugcwala okukhulu kwamandla. "Lokhu kuhlanganisa kokubili ukuguqulwa kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokwanda kwamandla akhona, kanye namandla amasha eqembu lomhlaba elingavamile."
Mayelana nemakethe yokugaywa kabusha komhlaba okungavamile kulo nyaka, u-Wang Ji ukholelwa ukuthi okwamanje, ama-oda avela ezinkampanini zezinto ezibonakalayo azikathuthuki, futhi ukwanda kokutholakala kwemfucuza kulinganiselwe. Kulindeleke ukuthi ukukhishwa kwe-oxide kusuka kudoti ngeke kushintshe kakhulu.
Umuntu ongaphakathi embonini ongathandanga ukudalulwa igama utshele i-Cailian News Agency ukuthi "izimayini nokuthengisa zibheke phansi" zokugaywa kabusha komhlaba okungavamile akusimeme. Ngokwehla okuqhubekayo kwamanani omhlaba angavamile, lesi simo kulindeleke ukuthi siguqulwe. Intatheli yakwaCailian News Agency ithole ukuthi njengamanje, iGanzhou Waste Alliance ihlela ukuthenga ngokuhlanganyela izinto zokusetshenziswa ngentengo encishisiwe. "Ngonyaka odlule, izimboni eziningi zokulahla imfucuza zavalwa noma zancishiswa ekukhiqizeni, futhi manje izitshalo ezilahlayo zisahamba phambili," kusho imboni yangaphakathi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-30-2023