Umthombo: I-Cailian News Agency
Muva nje, i-China Rare Earth Industry Chain Forum yesithathu ngo-2023 ibibanjelwe eGanzhou. Intatheli evela ku-Cailian News Agency ifunde emhlanganweni ukuthi imboni inethemba lokukhula okuqhubekayo kwesidingo somhlaba esingavamile kulo nyaka, futhi ilindele ukukhulula inani eliphelele lokulawula umhlaba ongavamile kanye nokugcina izintengo zomhlaba ezingavamile ezizinzile. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuncipha kwezingqinamba zokulethwa kwezidingo, amanani omhlaba angavamile angase aqhubeke ehla.
I-Cailian News Agency, Mashi 29(Intatheli u-Wang Bin) Intengo kanye nesabelo amagama amabili abalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yomhlaba engavamile eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Muva nje, i-China Rare Earth Industry Chain Forum yesithathu ngo-2023 ibibanjelwe eGanzhou. Intatheli evela ku-Cailian News Agency ifunde emhlanganweni ukuthi imboni inethemba lokukhula okuqhubekayo kwesidingo somhlaba esingavamile kulo nyaka, futhi ilindele ukukhulula inani eliphelele lokulawula umhlaba ongavamile kanye nokugcina izintengo zomhlaba ezingavamile ezizinzile. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuncipha kwezingqinamba zokulethwa kwezidingo, amanani omhlaba angavamile angase aqhubeke ehla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ochwepheshe abaningi emhlanganweni babonisa ukuthi imboni yasekhaya yomhlaba engavamile idinga ukwenza ukuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo. U-Liu Gang, oyilungu leKhomishini Kazwelonke Yentuthuko Nezinguquko kanye nesekela-meya weDolobha laseQiqihar, eSifundazweni saseHeilongjiang, uthe, “Okwamanje, ubuchwepheshe baseChina bokumba izimayini nokuncibilikisa umhlaba obungavamile sebuthuthuke emhlabeni wonke, kodwa ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezinto ezintsha zomhlaba ezingavamile kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemishini ebalulekile, zisasilele emuva ezingeni elithuthukile lamazwe ngamazwe.
Izintengo zomhlaba ezingavamile zingase ziqhubeke zehla
"Ukuqaliswa kwethagethi yekhabhoni embili kusheshise ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ezifana namandla omoya nezimoto ezintsha zamandla, okuholele ekwenyukeni okukhulu kwesidingo sezinto zikazibuthe ezihlala unomphela, indawo enkulu yokusetshenziswa komhlaba esetshenziswa kakhulu ezansi nomfula emhlabeni ongavamile. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje, izinkomba zenani eliphelele lokulawula umhlaba ongavamile ngokwezinga elithile zehlulekile ukuhlangabezana nokukhula kwesidingo somfula, futhi kukhona igebe elithile emakethe." Umuntu ohlobene nemboni yomhlaba engavamile uthe.
Ngokuka-Chen Zhanheng, iPhini likaNobhala-Jikelele we-China Rare Earth Industry Association, ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsiza sekuyinkinga enkulu ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yomhlaba eyivelakancane yaseChina. Ukhulume kaningi ukuthi inqubomgomo yokulawula inani ikhawule kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yomhlaba engavamile, futhi kuyadingeka ukulwela ukukhululwa kwenani eliphelele lokulawulwa kwamaminerali omhlaba angavamile ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, okuvumela ukukhanya okungavamile kwamabhizinisi ezimayini zomhlaba ezifana neNyakatho Engavamile Yomhlaba kanye neSichuan Jiangtong ukuhlela ukukhiqizwa kwabo ngokusekelwe emandleni abo okukhiqiza, ukufunwa komhlaba ongavamile.
Ngomhla zingama-24 kuNdasa, kwakhishwa “Isaziso Sengqikithi Yezinkomba Zokulawulwa Kwenani Leqoqo Lokuqala Lezimayini Ezingavamile Zomhlaba, Ukuncibilikiswa, Nokuhlukaniswa ngo-2023″, futhi ingqikithi yezinkomba zokulawula inani lenyuke ngo-18.69% uma iqhathaniswa neqoqo elifanayo ngo-2022. U-Wang Ji, Umphathi We-Rare and Precious Iron of Shanghai inani lenani le-Iron Metal, wabikezela inani le-Iron Metal. izimayini, ukuncibilikisa kanye nokuhlukaniswa kweqoqwana lesibili lezinkomba zomhlaba ezingavamile kuzokhuphuka cishe ngo-10% kuya ku-15% engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka.
Umbono ka-Wang Ji uthi ubudlelwano phakathi kokunikezwa kanye nesidingo se-praseodymium ne-neodymium sebushintshile, iphethini eqinile yokuphakelwa kwe-praseodymium ne-neodymium oxide iye yaba ngcono, okwamanje kukhona ukugcwala kancane kwezinsimbi, futhi ama-oda avela ezinkampanini zezinto ezinozibuthe ezansi nomfula awakafinyeleli okulindelekile. Izintengo ze-Praseodymium ne-neodymium ekugcineni zidinga ukusekelwa kwabathengi. Ngakho-ke, intengo yesikhathi esifushane ye-praseodymium ne-neodymium isabuswa ukulungiswa okubuthakathaka, futhi ububanzi bokuguquguquka kwentengo ye-praseodymium ne-neodymium oxide kubikezelwa ukuthi buyi-48-62 million/ton.
Ngokusho kwedatha evela ku-China Rare Earth Industry Association, kusukela ngomhlaka-27 Mashi, inani elimaphakathi le-praseodymium ne-neodymium oxide lalingu-553000 yuan/ton, lehle ngo-1/3 kusukela enanini eliyisilinganiso langonyaka odlule futhi liseduze nenani lentengo elimaphakathi ngo-March 2021. Futhi u-2021 iphoyinti le-inflection yomhlaba wonke elingavamile. Kukholakala kabanzi embonini ukuthi okuwukuphela kwezindawo ezihlonzwe ukukhula kwesidingo sikamazibuthe abasemhlabeni abangavamile kulo nyaka izimoto zamandla amasha, ama-air conditioner ashintshashintshayo, namarobhothi ezimboni, kuyilapho ezinye izindawo zincipha.
U-Liu Jing, iPhini likaMongameli we-Shanghai Iron and Steel Union, uveze, “Mayelana namatheminali, kulindeleke ukuthi izinga lokukhula kwama-oda emikhakheni yamandla omoya, isimo somoya, nama-Cs amathathu lihambe kancane, uhlelo loku-oda luzoba lufushane, futhi amanani entengo yezinto ezingavuthiwe azoqhubeka nokukhuphuka, kuyilapho ukwamukelwa kwetheminali kuzokwehla kancane kancane, kwakhe ukuntenga kwezinto ezingavuthiwe ezivela kwamanye amazwe. izimayini zizogcina ukwenyuka okuthile, kodwa ukuzethemba kwabathengi bemakethe akwanele.”
U-Liu Gang uveze ukuthi eminyakeni yamuva nje, kube nokukhuphuka okuphawulekayo kwamanani entengo yemikhiqizo yezimbiwa zomhlaba ezingavamile, okuholele ekwenyukeni okukhulu kwezindleko zokukhiqiza amabhizinisi angemuva ochungechungeni lwezimboni, ukwehla okukhulu kwezinzuzo noma ukulahlekelwa okukhulu, okuholele ekuveleni "kokwehliswa kokukhiqiza noma okungenakugwenywa, ukushintshwa noma okungenalusizo" izenzakalo eziqhubekayo zezimboni, ezithinta umhlaba wonke. "Uchungechunge lwemboni yomhlaba engavamile lunezindawo eziningi zokuhlinzeka ngempahla, amaketanga amade, nezinguquko ezisheshayo. Ukuthuthukisa indlela yamanani embonini yomhlaba engavamile akusizi nje kuphela ukuzuza ukunciphisa izindleko kanye nokwenyuka kwekhono embonini, kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ngempumelelo ukuncintisana kwezimboni."
U-Chen Zhanheng ukholelwa ukuthi intengo yomhlaba ongavamile ingase iqhubeke nokwehla. "Kunzima embonini engaphansi komfula ukwamukela intengo ye-praseodymium neodymium oxide engaphezu kuka-800000 ngethani ngalinye, futhi akwamukeleki embonini yamandla omoya eyedlula i-600000 ngethani. Ukugeleza kwendali kwakamuva kokuthengiwe kwamabhidi ku-Stock Exchange kuwuphawu olucacile kakhulu: esikhathini esidlule, kwakungekho ukuxhamazela kokuthenga, kodwa manje akukho ukuxhamazela kokuthenga."
“Izimayini nokuthengisa kubheke phansi” okungalawuleki kokululama okungavamile komhlaba
Ukugaywa kabusha komhlaba okungavamile kuba omunye umthombo obalulekile wokutholakala komhlaba ongavamile. U-Wang Ji waveza ukuthi ngo-2022, ukukhiqizwa kwe-praseodymium egaywe kabusha kanye neodymium kwabalelwa ku-42% womthombo wensimbi we-praseodymium ne-neodymium. Ngokwezibalo ezivela e-Shanghai Steel Union (300226. SZ), ukukhiqizwa kwemfucuza ye-NdFeB e-China kuzofinyelela amathani angu-70000 ngo-2022.
Kuyaqondakala ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo efanayo evela ku-ore eluhlaza, ukugaywa kabusha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemfucuza engavamile yomhlaba kunezinzuzo eziningi: izinqubo ezimfushane, izindleko eziphansi, nokunciphisa "imfucumfucu emithathu". Isebenzisa izinsiza ngendlela efanele, inciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, futhi ivikele ngempumelelo imithombo yomhlaba eyivelakancane yezwe.
U-Liu Weihua, uMqondisi we-Huahong Technology (002645. SZ) kanye noSihlalo we-Anxintai Technology Co., Ltd., ubonise ukuthi izinsiza zomhlaba ezingavamile ziwumthombo okhethekile. Ngesikhathi kukhiqizwa i-neodymium iron boron magnetic materials, cishe u-25% kuya ku-30% wemfucuza ekhoneni iyakhiqizwa, futhi ithani ngalinye le-praseodymium ne-neodymium oxide elitholiwe lilingana namathani angaphansi kuka-10000 we-ion ore yomhlaba eyivelakancane noma amathani angu-5 ensimbi eluhlaza eyivelakancane.
U-Liu Weihua uthe inani le-neodymium, iron, ne-boron elitholwe ezimotweni zikagesi ezinamasondo amabili njengamanje lidlula amathani ayi-10000, futhi ukuhlakazwa kwezimoto zikagesi ezinamasondo amabili kuzokwenyuka kakhulu esikhathini esizayo. “Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelele, inani lamanje lezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi ezinamasondo amabili eChina lilinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-200, kanti ukukhiqizwa konyaka kwezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi ezinamasondo amabili kulinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-50. Ngokuqiniswa kwezinqubomgomo zokuvikela imvelo, umbuso uzosheshisa ukuqedwa kwebhethri lomthofu okulindeleke ukuba ukhiqize izimoto ezimbili ezinamasondo amabili ngaphambi kwesikhathi. izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi zizokwanda kakhulu esikhathini esizayo.”
"Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umbuso uyaqhubeka nokuhlanza nokulungisa amaphrojekthi angavamile futhi angahambisani nemithetho engavamile yokugaywa kabusha kwezinsiza zomhlaba, futhi uzoqeda amabhizinisi athile agaywa kabusha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaqembu amakhulu nezimakethe ezinkulu zibandakanyeka, okukunikeza inzuzo yokuncintisana. Ukusinda kwabanamandla kuzokwandisa kancane kancane ukugxila embonini, "kusho uLiu Weihua.
Ngokusho kwentatheli evela e-Cailian News Agency, okwamanje kunamabhizinisi angaba ngu-40 abambe iqhaza ekuhlukaniseni izinto ezigaywe kabusha ze-neodymium, i-iron, kanye ne-boron ezweni lonke, nenani eliphelele lokukhiqiza amathani angaphezu kuka-60000 we-REO. Phakathi kwazo, amabhizinisi amahlanu aphezulu okugaywa kabusha embonini athatha cishe u-70% wamandla okukhiqiza.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi imboni yamanje ye-neodymium iron boron recycling ibhekene nesenzakalo "sokuthenga okuhlehliswayo nokuthengisa", okungukuthi, ukuthenga okuphezulu nokudayisa okuphansi.
U-Liu Weihua uthe kusukela ngekota yesibili yonyaka odlule, ukugaywa kabusha kwemfucuza engavamile bekusesimweni esibi kakhulu, okukhawulela kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwale mboni. Ngokuka-Liu Weihua, kunezizathu ezintathu eziyinhloko zalesi simo: ukwanda okukhulu kwamandla okukhiqiza amabhizinisi agaywa kabusha, ukwehla kwesidingo esibulalayo, kanye nokwamukelwa kwemodeli yokuxhumanisa insimbi nemfucuza ngamaqembu amakhulu ukuze kuncishiswe ukujikeleza kwemakethe yemfucuza.
U-Liu Weihua uveze ukuthi umthamo okhona wokubuyisela umhlaba ongavamile ezweni lonke ungamathani ayi-60000, futhi eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuhloswe ngawo ukwandisa umthamo ngamathani acishe abe ngu-80000, okubangele ukugcwala okukhulu kwamandla. "Lokhu kuhlanganisa kokubili ukuguqulwa kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokwanda kwamandla akhona, kanye namandla amasha eqembu lomhlaba elingavamile."
Mayelana nemakethe yokugaywa kabusha komhlaba okungavamile kulo nyaka, u-Wang Ji ukholelwa ukuthi okwamanje, ama-oda avela ezinkampanini zezinto ezibonakalayo azikathuthuki, futhi ukwanda kokutholakala kwemfucuza kulinganiselwe. Kulindeleke ukuthi ukukhishwa kwe-oxide kusuka kudoti ngeke kushintshe kakhulu.
Umuntu ongaphakathi embonini ongathandanga ukudalulwa igama utshele i-Cailian News Agency ukuthi "izimayini nokuthengisa zibheke phansi" zokugaywa kabusha komhlaba okungavamile akusimeme. Ngokwehla okuqhubekayo kwamanani omhlaba angavamile, lesi simo kulindeleke ukuthi siguqulwe. Intatheli yakwaCailian News Agency ithole ukuthi njengamanje, iGanzhou Waste Alliance ihlela ukuthenga ngokuhlanganyela izinto zokusetshenziswa ngentengo encishisiwe. "Ngonyaka odlule, izimboni eziningi zokulahla imfucuza zavalwa noma zancishiswa ekukhiqizeni, futhi manje izitshalo ezilahlayo zisahamba phambili," kusho imboni yangaphakathi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-30-2023