Kungakanani okwaziyo ngeLanthanide?

I-Lanthanide

Lanthanide, lanthanid

Incazelo: Ama-elementi 57 kuya ku-71 kuthebula le-periodic. Itemu elijwayelekile lezinto eziyi-15 ukusuka ku-lanthanum ukuya ku-lutetium. Kuvezwe njengo-Ln. Ukucushwa kwe-electron ye-valence yi-4f0~145d0~26s2, okuyingxenye yoguquko lwangaphakathi;I-Lanthanumngaphandle kwama-electron angu-4f nawo akhishwe ohlelweni lwe-lanthanide.

Isiyalo: I-Chemistry_ I-Inorganic chemistry_ Izinto kanye ne-Inorganic chemistry

Amagama ahlobene: ibhethri le-hydrogen sponge Nickel–metal hydride

Iqembu lezinto eziyi-15 ezifanayo phakathi kwe-lanthanum nei-lutetiumku-periodic table ibizwa nge-Lanthanide. I-Lanthanum iyisici sokuqala ku-Lanthanide, enophawu Lwekhemikhali u-La kanye nenombolo ye-Atomic 57. I-Lanthanum ithambile (ingasikwa ngokuqondile ngommese), i-ductile, nensimbi emhlophe eyisiliva elahlekelwa ukucwebezela kwayo kancane kancane lapho ibekwe emoyeni. Nakuba i-lanthanum ihlukaniswa njenge-elementi yomhlaba engavamile, okuqukethwe kwayo ku-crust kuthatha indawo yama-28, cishe okuphindwe kathathu kunomthofu. I-Lanthanum ayinabo ubuthi obukhethekile emzimbeni womuntu, kodwa inomsebenzi othile wokulwa namagciwane.

I-Lanthanum compounds inokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-catalysts, izithasiselo zengilazi, izibani ze-carbon arc kumalambu ezithombe ze-studio noma ama-projektha, izingxenye zokushisa ezikhanyayo nezibani, amashubhu e-cathode ray, ama-scintillator, ama-electrode e-GTAW, neminye imikhiqizo.

Enye yezinto ezisetshenziselwa i-anode yebhethri ye-Nickel–metal hydride yi-La (Ni3.6Mn0.4Al0.3Co0.7). Ngenxa yezindleko eziphakeme zokukhipha enye i-Lanthanide, i-lanthanum ehlanzekile izothathelwa indawo yizinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile ezixubile eziqukethe i-lanthanum engaphezu kuka-50%. Ama-sponge alloys e-hydrogen aqukethe i-lanthanum, engagcina umthamo wayo we-hydrogen ophindwe izikhathi ezingu-400 ngesikhathi sokukhangiswa okubuyiselekayo emuva futhi ikhulule amandla okushisa. Ngakho-ke, ama-sponge alloys e-hydrogen angasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokonga amandla.I-Lanthanum oxidefuthiI-Lanthanum hexaborideasetshenziswa njengezinto ezishisayo ze-cathode kumashubhu e-electron vacuum. Ikristalu ye-Lanthanum hexaboride ingumthombo wokukhanya okuphezulu kanye nomthombo wokukhipha ama-electron ashisayo wempilo ende wama-electron microscopes kanye ne-Hall-effect thruster.

I-Lanthanum trifluoride isetshenziswa njengesibani se-fluorescent, esixutshwe neI-Europium(III) fluoride,futhi isetshenziswe njengefilimu yekristalu ye-fluoride ion electrode ekhethiwe. I-Lanthanum trifluoride nayo iyingxenye ebalulekile yengilazi ye-fluoride esindayo ebizwa ngokuthi i-ZBLAN. Inokudlulisela okuhle kakhulu kububanzi be-infrared futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana zefiber optical. I-Cerium iphelileI-Lanthanum(III) bromidefuthiI-Lanthanum(III) chloridebabe nezakhiwo zokukhishwa kokukhanya okuphezulu, ukulungiswa kahle kwamandla kanye nokusabela okusheshayo. Ziyizinto ze-inorganic Scintillator, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kwezentengiso kuma-neutron kanye nomtshina we-γ A wemisebe. Ingilazi engezwe nge-Lanthanum oxide inenkomba ephezulu ye-refractive kanye nokuhlakazeka okuphansi, futhi ingathuthukisa ukumelana kwe-alkali kwengilazi. Ingasetshenziselwa ukwenza ingilazi yokubona ekhethekile, njengengilazi yokumunca infrared, yamakhamera namalensi ebonakude. Ukwengeza inani elincane le-lanthanum ensimbi kungathuthukisa ukumelana nomthelela wayo kanye ne-ductility, kuyilapho ukwengeza i-lanthanum ku-molybdenum kunganciphisa ubulukhuni bayo nokuzwela ekushintsheni kwezinga lokushisa. I-Lanthanum nezinhlanganisela ezihlukahlukene zezinye izakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile (ama-oxides, ama-chloride, njll.) ziyizingxenye zama-catalysts ahlukahlukene, njengama-catalysts okusabela okuqhekeka.

I-Lanthanum carbonatekugunyazwe njengomuthi. Lapho i-hyperphosphatemia yenzeka ekuhlulekeni kwezinso, ukuthatha i-Lanthanum carbonate kungalawula i-phosphate ku-serum ukuze ifinyelele izinga elihlosiwe. I-Lanthanum modified bentonite ingasusa i-phosphate emanzini ukugwema i-Eutrophication yamanzi echibi. Imikhiqizo eminingi yokubhukuda ehlanzekile iqukethe inani elincane le-lanthanum, eliphinde lisuse i-phosphate nokunciphisa ukukhula kwe-algae. NjengeHorseradish peroxidase, i-lanthanum isetshenziswa njenge-electron dense tracer kubhayoloji yamangqamuzana.