Umphetho, into engu-68 etafuleni lezikhathi ezithile.
Ukutholwa kweumphethoigcwele ukusonta nokujika. Ngo-1787, edolobhaneni lase-Itiby, amakhilomitha ayi-1,6 kude neStockholm, iSweden, kwatholakala umhlaba omusha etsheni elimnyama, elibizwa ngokuthi yi-YTTRIUM Umhlaba ngokuya ngendawo etholakele. Ngemuva kokuvukela kwama-French, okkhemisi ama-mossander asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusanda kusungulwa ukunciphisa okuyisisekeloytttriumkusuka ku-yttrium rtrium. Ngalesi sikhathi, abantu babona ukuthi i-YTTRIUM GRAM ayona "isakhi esisodwa" futhi yathola ezinye izinkabi ezimbili:I-Erbium Oxide, futhi ukukhanya okukhanyayo kubizwa ngokuthi iTerbium oxide. Ngo-1843, uMossander wathola i-Erbium futhii-terbium, kepha akakholwanga ukuthi lezi zinto ezimbili ezitholakele zazimsulwa futhi kungenzeka zixutshwe nezinye izinto. Eminyakeni engamashumi eminyaka elandelayo, kancane kancane abantu bathola ukuthi ngempela kube nezinto eziningi ezixutshwe kulo, futhi kancane kancane bathola ezinye izinto zensimbi zeLanthanide ngaphandle kwe-Erbium naseTerbium.
Ucwaningo lwe-Erbium aluzange lubushelelezi njengokutholwa kwalo. Yize uMaussind ethola i-Pink Erbium Oxide ngonyaka we-1843, kwakungenjalo kuze kube ngu-1934 lezo zingamasampula amsulwaI-Erbium Metalbakhishwe ngenxa yokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo ezindleleni zokuhlanza. Ngokushisa nokuhlanzaI-Erbium Chloridefuthi i-potassium, abantu bathole ukuncishiswa kwe-erbium nge-potassium yensimbi. Noma kunjalo, izakhiwo ze-Erbium zifana kakhulu nezinye izinto zensimbi zaseLanthanide, okuholele eminyakeni ecishe ibe ngu-50 yokugcwala ocwaningweni oluhlobene, njengamandla amabuthenti, amandla okuphambana kanye nesizukulwane. Kuze kube ngu-1959, ngokusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo esikhethekile se-4F ungqimba sezezimali sama-athomu e-Erbium emasimini avelayo avelayo, i-Erbium yathola ukunakwa kanye nezicelo eziningi ze-Erbium zakhiwa.
I-Erbium, emhlophe yesiliva, inokwehla okuthambile futhi ibonisa kuphela ama-ferromagnetism aqinile eduze kwe-zero ngokuphelele. Kuyinto enhle kakhulu futhi i-oxid kancane ngemoya namanzi ekushiseni kwegumbi.I-Erbium OxideUmbala obomvu we-rose evame ukusetshenziswa embonini ye-porcelain futhi uyisikhamulo esihle. I-Erbium igxile emadwaleni ezintaba-mlilo futhi inamadiphozithi amakhulu amaminerali eningizimu yeChina.
I-Erbium inezinto ezivelele ze-Optical futhi ingaguqula infrared ibe ukukhanya okubonakalayo, okwenza kube yinto efanelekile yokwenza imishini yokuthola infrared kanye namadivayisi wokubuka ebusuku. Kuyithuluzi elinamakhono ekutholweni kwe-Photon, elikwazi ukudonsa ngokuqhubekayo ngamazinga athile asolayo e-Ion ku-solid, bese uthola ukuthi libala lezi zithombe ukudala umtshina wezithombe. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kahle kokutholwa okuqondile kwama-photons nge-Trivalent Erbium Ion kwakungephakeme. Kwakungekho kuze kube ngu-1966 ukuthi ososayensi bahlakulele ama-erbium lasers ngokuthwebula ngokungaqondile amasiginali abonakalayo ngama-ion asizayo bese edlulisa amandla ku-Erbium.
Umgomo we-Erbium Laser uyafana nalowo weHolmium Laser, kepha amandla alo aphansi kakhulu kunaleso seHolmium Laser. I-laser ye-Erbium ene-wavelength yama-nanometers angama-2940 ingasetshenziswa ukusika izicubu ezithambile. Yize lolu hlobo lwe-laser esifundeni esiphakathi lwe-infrared linekhono lokungena elibi, lingadonswa ngokushesha ngumswakama ezicutshini zomuntu, ukufeza imiphumela emihle ngamandla amancane. Ingasika kahle, igaye, futhi isuse izicubu ezithambile, ifinyelela ukuphulukiswa okulimele okusheshayo. Kusetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhlinzweni kwe-laser okufana nomlomo womlomo, i-amhlophe cataract, ubuhle, ukususwa kwesikhafu nokususwa kwemililo.
Ngo-1985, i-University of Southampton e-UK nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeNyuvesi eJapan yathuthukisa ngempumelelo i-amplifier ye-erbium-doped fiber amplifier. Kulezi zinsuku, i-Wuhan Optics Valley eWuhan, eSifundazweni saseHubai, eChina iyakwazi ukukhiqiza ngokuzimela le-amplifier ye-erbium-doped fiber futhi iyithumele eNyakatho Melika, iYurophu nakwezinye izindawo. Lolu hlelo lokusebenza kungenye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu ekuxhumaneni okukhulu kakhulu ekukhulumeni kwe-fiber optic, inqobo nje uma ingxenye ethile ye-erbium idonswa, inganxephezela ukulahlekelwa amasiginali we-optical ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana. Le amplifier njengamanje idivaysi esetshenziswa kakhulu ekuxhumaneni kwe-fiber optic, okwazi ukuhambisa amasiginali we-optical ngaphandle kobuthakathaka.
Isikhathi sePosi: Aug-16-2023