1. Ukuthuthuka kusuka ku-Bulk PrimaryUmhlaba ongavamileimikhiqizo ecwengekileUmhlaba ongavamileimikhiqizo
Eminyakeni engama-20 eyedlule, imboni ye-China engavamile yokushaya kanye nokuhlukaniswa komhlaba iye yathuthuka ngokushesha, ngobuningi bayo, ukukhiqiza, ivolumu yokuthumela, kanye nokusebenzisa iqhaza kuqala emhlabeni, kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni. -NgakananiUmhlaba ongavamileUkuhlukaniswa, inqubo yokuhlanza nayo ingabhekwa njengezigaba zomhlaba. Noma kunjalo, ikhwalithi nokuvumelana kweUmhlaba ongavamileImikhiqizo emihle yamakhemikhali namanje isekela ngemuva izinga eliphakeme lomhlaba. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, umthamo wokukhiqiza omkhuluUmhlaba ongavamileamafektri adlula kude isidingo ezimakethe ezifuywayo nezamazwe jikeleleUmhlaba ongavamileImikhiqizo eyinkimbinkimbi isesimweni se-Oversupply, ngenkathiUmhlaba ongavamileImikhiqizo emihle yamakhemikhali inezimpawu zobuningi obuphakeme bezobuchwepheshe, ukubuyiselwa kwemali okuphezulu, ubuchwepheshe obuqinile bezobuchwepheshe, kanye nezinzuzo eziphakeme zezomnotho, ngakho izinzuzo zezomnotho eziphelele zicatshangelwa. Ngakho-ke, amabhizinisi omhlaba angenamkhawulo womphakathi kumele enze ama-Breakthroughs kulo mkhakha eminyakeni ezayo ukuze alondoloze ama-margins aphezulu wenzuzo nejubane lokuthuthuka.
2. Umhlaba ongavamileImikhiqizo ithuthuka ekuhlanzeni okuphezulu, ihlanganisa, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-Ultra
Indima yeimihlaba engavamileEnsimini ephezulu yezobuchwepheshe kungabonakala ngokuphelele ngezakhiwo zazo ezahlukahlukene zenyama nangamakhemikhali ngemuva kokuhlanzwa okuphezulu.Umhlaba ongavamileUbumsulwa be-5n noma ngaphezulu buyadingeka ezintweni zokwakha ama-luminescent, izinto ze-laser, izinto zokwenziwa kwe-opoleelectronic, njll; I-Dlulisa, imfuneko yokuqukethwe kokuphelelwa ngumshuwalense sekuya phansi futhi iphansi, ngezinsimbi ezisindayo ezinjenge-FE, CU, NI, PB edinga okuqukethwe okungaphansi kwe-1 × 10-6. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlanzwa okuphezulu kusazoba ukuqondiswa kwentuthuko ngekusasaUmhlaba ongavamileimikhiqizo.
Ukuthuthukiswa okushaUmhlaba ongavamileIzinto ezisetshenziswayo ikakhulukazi zincike ekwakhekeni kwenhlanganiselaUmhlaba ongavamileizinto zokwenziwa ngochungechunge lwezinqubo zenqubo phakathi koMhlaba ongavamile namanye amakhompiyutha, futhi okuhlanganisiwe kuwumkhuba wentuthuko weUmhlaba ongavamileimikhiqizo eyinkimbinkimbi.
Usayizi wezinhlayiyana weUmhlaba ongavamileAmakhompiyutha azothinta ikhwalithi yezinto ezisetshenzisiwe, ngoba njengoba usayizi wezinhlayiyana kuyancipha, indawo ethile engaphezulu yenyuka futhi, umsebenzi ongaphezulu uyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka, kanye nemisebenzi yeUmhlaba ongavamileAmakhompiyutha azosetshenziswa ngokuphelele.
I-Chemistry ingasheshisa ukusabela okuhlukahlukene ngokomzimba nangamakhemikhali, futhi kwandise amandla okubopha phakathi kwezinhlayiya. Ukucwengwa kwe-ultrafine kweUmhlaba ongavamileAmakhompiyutha awona nje kuphela ocwaningweni oluyinkimbinkimbi futhi oluphakeme kakhulu ocwaningweni olujulile, kodwa futhi nendlela ebalulekile yokuthuthukisa inani lezomnotho leUmhlaba ongavamileAmakhompiyutha asho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izidingo ezikhethekile zibekwe phambili endaweni ethile engaphezulu, ukwakheka kwe-crysal, i-morphology kanye namandla athile adonsela phansi weUmhlaba ongavamileamakhompiyutha.
I-3. Izinqubo kanye nobuchwepheshe obunamalungelo abazimele bezengqondo azovela
Iminyaka eminingi, ngenxa yohlobo oluhlukile lomkhakha,Umhlaba ongavamileAmabhizinisi aneMargins ephakeme yenzuzo kanye nemikhawulo ephansi. Amabhizinisi ahlanganisiwe asekhaya ajwayelekile ajwayelene nenkinga yemvelaphi enganele, futhi abelokhu entula ekuvikelweni kwempahla kwengqondoUmhlaba ongavamileUbuchwepheshe bokuluma. Umcimbi wokwephula umthetho kanye nokwephula umthetho uwubucayi kakhulu, obamba ukuntuleka kokuncintisana okuyisisekelo phakathi kwamabhizinisi okukhiqiza. Ngokungena kweChina ku-WTO, lesi simo sizoshintsha eminyakeni ezayo, ahlukahlukene ringabe uMhlabaAmabhizinisi nezikhungo zocwaningo zizokwandisa ukutshala kwazo kocwaningo emkhakheni weUmhlaba ongavamileUkulungiselela okuhlanganisiwe, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi inani elikhulu leUmhlaba ongavamileIzinqubo zokulungiswa okuhlanganisiwe nobuchwepheshe abanamalungelo abazimele bempahla yempahla.
4. Ukubambisana phakathi kwamabhizinisi, izikhungo zokucwaninga, kanye namanyuvesi kuzoqiniswa okwengeziwe
Kunenkinga evamile yemvela enganele phakathi kwekhayaUmhlaba ongavamileAmabhizinisi Okukhiqiza. Yize izikhungo zocwaningo zinezinga elithile lokuqala ocwaningweni lwesayensi, kukhona nokuntuleka kolwazi lobunjiniyela bezobuchwepheshe. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlanganisa imboni emibili futhi ehlanganayo ekhulisa umkhakha wentuthuko eminyakeni ezayo.
I-5. Ijubane lokutshala imali kwangaphandle elingena eChina lizosheshisa, liholele kumncintiswano omusha embonini
Kusukela ngonyaka we-1990s, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwangaphandle, okumelelwa yinkampani yenkampani yaseFrance i-Rodier kanye neNkampani yaseCanada i-AMR, ingene eChinaUmhlaba ongavamileamabhizinisi ahlanganisiwe anemisebenzi ephumelelayo. Isipiliyoni sokuphathwa okuthuthukile, iziteshi ezibushelelezi zokuthengisa, ukugcizelela kwangempela kocwaningo lwesayensi, kanye nezinsizakusebenza zendawo kanye nezinzuzo zemali konke kwaletha ukubuyiselwa okucebile ekungeneni okuhlanganyelwe. Ngenxa yokuholwa ochungechungeni lwezibonelo eziphumelelayo, lo mkhuba uzosheshisa. Ngakho-ke, kuzoholela emqhudelwaneni omusha embonini.
I-6. Amabhizinisi anezikali ezincane kanye nokuntuleka kwezimpawu ezizosuswa
Kusukela ngo-1990s,Umhlaba ongavamileImboni ithole ukuguquguquka okuningi kokushintshashintsha, ngamanani omhlaba angavamile eChina ewa futhi awe futhi. Kube khona umkhuba wokusondela kwenzuzo ephakathi kwenzuzo eyeqile, futhi ngisho nokuthengisa kuncishiswe ngaphansi komugqa wenzuzo ukuze kuthathwe imakethe. Ngaphansi kwezimo zomnotho wezentengiso, amabhizinisi amancane ngaphandle kwezici azoqedwa, ashiye ngemuva kwamabhizinisi anezinga elikhulu nenani eliphakeme le-PROCK ONED. Lo mthetho wezomnotho awufani kulo mkhakha.
7. Ukwakheka kwemikhiqizo yaseMhlabeni engafaniyo kuzoshintsha
Sekukonke, izinga lokukhula kweUmhlaba ongavamileUkusetshenziswa emasimini endabuko kuhamba kancane, futhi insimu engakhuphula isidingo somhlaba ongandile ngensimu entsha yezinto zokwakha. Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka kweUmhlaba ongavamileImikhiqizo eyinkimbinkimbi kufanele ilungele izidingo zensimu entsha yezinto zokwakha. Njengamanje, izinga lokukhula kweneedymiumIzinto zensimbi ze-iron boron zingama-30% kuya ku-40%, ngakho ukusetshenziswa kweneedymiumkuzokhula ngokushesha. Wonke amabhizinisi ahlanganisiwe emhlabeni kufanele agxile kuwoneedymiumukwakheka okuhlanganisiwe, ukuqinisekisa ukuhlinzekwa kokubilineedymiumkanye nokusebenzisa okulinganiselayo kwezinyeUmhlaba ongavamileamakhompiyutha.
Isikhathi sePosi: Nov-02-2023