Njengengxubevange ekhanyayo ebalulekile emishinini yokuthutha yendiza, izakhiwo ezinkulu zemishini ye-aluminium alloy zihlobene eduze nesakhiwo sayo esincane. Ngokushintsha izakhi eziyinhloko ze-alloying esakhiweni se-aluminium alloy, i-microstructure ye-aluminium alloy ingashintshwa, futhi izakhiwo zemishini ye-macroscopic nezinye izakhiwo (njengokumelana nokugqwala nokusebenza kwe-welding) yezinto ezibonakalayo zingathuthukiswa kakhulu. Kuze kube manje, i-microalloying isiyisu elithembisayo kakhulu lokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokwenza kahle i-microstructure yama-alloys e-aluminium kanye nokwenza ngcono izici eziphelele zezinto ze-aluminium alloy.I-Scandium(Sc) iyisici esisebenza kahle kakhulu se-microalloying esaziwa ngama-alloys e-aluminium. Ukunyibilika kwe-scandium ku-aluminium matrix kungaphansi kuka-0.35 wt.%, Ukwengeza amanani omkhondo wesici se-scandium kuma-alloys e-aluminium kungathuthukisa ngempumelelo i-microstructure yawo, kuthuthukise ngokugcwele amandla awo, ubulukhuni, ipulasitiki, ukuzinza okushisayo, nokumelana nokugqwala. I-Scandium inemiphumela eminingi yomzimba kuma-alloys e-aluminium, okuhlanganisa ukuqiniswa kwesisombululo esiqinile, ukuqinisa izinhlayiyana, nokuvinjelwa kokuvuselela kabusha. Lesi sihloko sizokwethula intuthuko yomlando, inqubekelaphambili yakamuva, kanye nokusetshenziswa okungenzeka kwe-scandium equkethe ama-alloys e-aluminium emkhakheni wokukhiqiza imishini yezindiza.
Ucwaningo Nokuthuthukiswa Kwe-Aluminium Scandium Alloy
Ukwengezwa kwe-scandium njenge-alloying element kuma-alloys e-aluminium kungalandelelwa emuva kuma-1960s. Ngaleso sikhathi, umsebenzi omningi wenziwa kumasistimu we-alloy kanambambili we-Al Sc kanye ne-ternary AlMg Sc. Ngawo-1970, i-Baykov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science yeSoviet Academy of Sciences kanye ne-All Russian Institute of Light Alloy Research yenza ucwaningo oluhlelekile mayelana nefomu nendlela ye-scandium kuma-alloys e-aluminium. Ngemva kweminyaka ecishe ibe ngamashumi amane yomzamo, amamaki ayi-14 e-aluminium scandium alloys athuthukisiwe ochungechungeni olukhulu oluthathu (Al Mg Sc, Al Li Sc, Al Zn Mg Sc). Ukunyibilika kwama-athomu e-scandium ku-aluminium kuphansi, futhi ngokusebenzisa izinqubo ezifanele zokwelashwa kokushisa, ukuminyana okuphezulu kwe-Al3Sc nano precipitates kungamiswa. Lesi sigaba semvula sicishe sibe yindilinga, sinezinhlayiya ezincane nokusabalalisa okuhlakaziwe, futhi sinobudlelwano obuhle obuhambisanayo ne-aluminium matrix, engathuthukisa kakhulu izinga lokushisa legumbi lama-alloys e-aluminium. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Al3Sc nano precipitates inokusimama okuhle kokushisa kanye nokumelana nokuqina emazingeni okushisa aphezulu (ngaphakathi kuka-400 ℃), okuzuzisa kakhulu ukumelana nokushisa okuqinile kwe-alloy. Ngo-Russian made aluminium scandium alloys, 1570 alloy idonse ukunaka okukhulu ngenxa yamandla ayo aphezulu kanye nokusebenza okubanzi kakhulu. Le ngxubevange ibonisa ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu ebangeni lokushisa elisebenzayo elingu- -196 ℃ kuya ku-70 ℃ futhi ine-superplasticity yemvelo, engathatha indawo ye-aluminium eyenziwe yaseRussia i-LF6 alloy (ingxube ye-aluminium magnesium ikakhulukazi eyakhiwe i-aluminium, i-magnesium, ithusi, i-manganese, ne-silicon) ukuze ikwazi ukushisela i-oksijini ephakathi nendawo, ithuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-oxygen ephakathi nendawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iRussia iphinde yathuthukisa ama-alloys e-aluminium zinc magnesium scandium, amelwe ngo-1970, anamandla wezinto ezibonakalayo angaphezu kuka-500MPa.
Isimo Sezimboni zeI-aluminium Scandium Alloy
Ngo-2015, i-European Union yakhipha i-"European Metallurgical Roadmap: Prospects for Manufacturers and End Users", iphakamisa ukutadisha ukushisela kwe-aluminium.i-magnesium scandium alloys. NgoSepthemba 2020, i-European Union yakhipha uhlu lwemithombo yamaminerali ebalulekile engama-29, okubandakanya i-scandium. I-5024H116 aluminium magnesium scandium alloy eyakhiwe yi-Ale Aluminium eJalimane inamandla aphakathi nendawo ukuya phezulu kanye nokubekezelela umonakalo omkhulu, okuyenza ibe yinto ethembisayo kakhulu yesikhumba se-fuselage. Ingasetshenziswa esikhundleni sochungechunge lwe-aluminium alloys yendabuko engu-2xxx futhi ifakiwe encwadini yokuthengwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo ye-Airbus' AIMS03-01-055. I-5028 iyibanga elithuthukisiwe lika-5024, elifanele i-laser welding kanye ne-friction stir welding. Ingakwazi ukufeza inqubo yokwenza izinto ezinyakazayo zamaphaneli odonga ahlanganisiwe we-hyperbolic, ukumelana nokugqwala futhi akudingi ukumbozwa kwe-aluminium. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-alloy engu-2524, uhlaka lwephaneli yodonga lulonke lwe-fuselage lungafinyelela ukuncipha kwesisindo sesakhiwo ngo-5%. Ishidi le-aluminium scandium scandium AA5024-H116 elikhiqizwe yi-Aili Aluminium Company selisetshenziswe ukwenza i-fuselage yendiza kanye nezakhi zesakhiwo semikhumbi-mkhathi. Ugqinsi olujwayelekile lweshidi lengxubevange ye-AA5024-H116 lingu-1.6mm kuya ku-8.0mm, futhi ngenxa yokuminyana kwalo okuphansi, izakhiwo ezilinganisiwe zemishini, ukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu, nokuchezuka okuqinile kohlangothi, lingangena esikhundleni se-2524 ingxubevange njengempahla yesikhumba ye-fuselage. Njengamanje, ishidi lengxubevange ye-AA5024-H116 liqinisekiswe yi-Airbus AIMS03-04-055. NgoZibandlela wezi-2018, uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi wase-China ukhiphe “Ikhathalogi Eqondisayo Yeqoqo Lokuqala Lokuboniswa Kwesicelo Sesibili Sezinto Ezintsha Ezibalulekile (Ushicilelo luka-2018)”, oluhlanganisa “i-high-purity scandium oxide” kukhathalogi yokuthuthukisa imboni yezinto zokwakha. Ngo-2019, uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi wase-China ukhiphe “Ikhathalogi Eqondisayo Yeqoqo Lokuqala Lokuboniswa Kwezinto Ezintsha Ezibalulekile (Ushicilelo luka-2019)”, oluhlanganisa “i-Sc equkethe izinto zokucubungula i-aluminium alloy kanye nezintambo zokushisela ze-Al Si Sc” kukhathalogi yokuthuthukisa imboni yezinto zokwakha. I-China Aluminium Group Northeast Light Alloy ithuthukise uchungechunge lwe-Al Mg Sc Zr 5B70 alloy equkethe i-scandium ne-zirconium. Uma kuqhathaniswa nochungechunge lwendabuko lwe-Al Mg 5083 alloy ngaphandle kwe-scandium ne-zirconium, isivuno salo namandla aqinile akhuphuke ngaphezu kwama-30%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxubevange ye-Al Mg Sc Zr ingagcina ukumelana nokugqwala okuqhathaniswa nengxube ye-5083. Njengamanje, amabhizinisi amakhulu asekhaya anebanga lezimbonii-aluminium scandium alloyamandla okukhiqiza iNortheast Light Alloy Company kanye neSouthwest Aluminium Industry. Ishidi elingusayizi omkhulu we-5B70 we-aluminium scandium alloy elakhiwe yi-Northeast Light Alloy Co., Ltd. lingahlinzeka ngamapuleti amakhulu e-aluminium alloy anogqinsi oluwu-70mm nobubanzi obungu-3500mm; Imikhiqizo yeshidi elincanyana nemikhiqizo yephrofayili ingenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo ukuze ikhiqizwe, enobubanzi obuyi-2mm ukuya ku-6mm kanye nobubanzi obukhulu obungu-1500mm. I-Southwest Aluminium ithuthukise ngokuzimela impahla engu-5K40 futhi yenza inqubekelaphambili ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwamapuleti amancane. I-Al Zn Mg alloy iyingxube yesikhathi eqinile enamandla amakhulu, ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula, nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokushisela. Kuyinto edingekayo futhi ebalulekile yesakhiwo ezimotweni zamanje zokuhamba njengezindiza. Ngokwesisekelo samandla aphakathi nendawo ashisela i-AlZn Mg, ukwengeza izakhi ze-scandium kanye ne-zirconium alloy kungakha ama-nanoparticles amancane we-Al3 (Sc, Zr) ahlakazekile ku-microstructure, ngcono kakhulu izakhiwo zemishini kanye nokucindezeleka ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-alloy. Isikhungo Sokucwaninga saseLangley seNASA sesenze i-ternary aluminium scandium alloy ene-grade C557, esilungele ukusetshenziswa kumamodeli emishini. Amandla amile, ukusakazeka kokuqhekeka, nokuqina kokuphuka kwale alloy ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi (-200 ℃), izinga lokushisa legumbi, nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu (107 ℃) konke kuyalingana noma kungcono kunalezo zengxubevange engu-2524. I-Northwestern University e-United States ithuthukise i-AlZn Mg Sc alloy 7000 series aluminium alloy ultra-high, enamandla afinyelela ku-680MPa. Iphethini yokuthuthukiswa okuhlanganyelwe phakathi kwengxube ye-aluminium scandium yamandla aphezulu namandla aphakeme kakhulu i-Al Zn Mg Sc yenziwe. I-Al Zn Mg Cu Sc alloy iyingxubevange ye-aluminium enamandla amakhulu enamandla adlula ama-MPa angama-800. Njengamanje, ukwakheka okulinganiselwe kanye nemingcele yokusebenza eyisisekelo yamabanga ayinhloko wei-aluminium scandium alloyzifinyezwa kanje, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuThebula 1 no-2.
Ithebula 1 | Ukwakheka Okuzisholo kwe-Aluminium Scandium Alloy
Ithebula 2 | I-Microstructure kanye ne-Tensile Properties ye-Aluminium Scandium Alloy
Amathemba ohlelo lwe-aluminium scandium alloy
Amandla aphezulu i-Al Zn Mg Cu Sc kanye ne-Al CuLi Sc alloys asetshenziswe ezingxenyeni zesakhiwo ezithwala ukulayisha, okuhlanganisa izindiza zokulwa zaseRussia i-MiG-21 kanye ne-MiG-29. Ideshibhodi yomkhumbi-mkhathi waseRussia i-“Mars-1″ yenziwe nge-aluminium scandium alloy engu-1570, ngenani lokunciphisa isisindo ngo-20%. Izingxenye ezithwala umthwalo zemojula yensimbi yomkhumbi-mkhathi we-Mars-96 zenziwe nge-aluminium alloy ka-1970 equkethe i-scandium, enciphisa isisindo semojula yensimbi ngo-200 Indiza ye-EU ngo-10 "Indiza ye-EU" ngo-10%. Iphrojekthi yomzila, i-Airbus yenza idizayini edidiyelwe yomnyango wokubamba wezimpahla, ucwaningo kanye nokuthuthukiswa, ukukhiqiza, nokufakwa kwezindiza zokuhlola indiza ye-A321 ngokusekelwe ebangeni elilandelayo le-AA5028-H116 i-aluminium scandium alloy ye-5024 aluminium scandium alloy. i-laser welding ukuze kuzuzwe ukuxhumana okuthembekile kwe-scandium equkethe izinto ze-aluminium ingxubevange Ukuqaliswa kancane kancane "kwe-welding esikhundleni se-riveting" ezindizeni eziqinisiwe zamapuleti amancane agcini nje ngokugcina ukuvumelana kwezinto zendiza kanye nobuqotho besakhiwo, ukufeza ukukhiqiza okuphumelelayo nokungabizi kakhulu, kodwa futhi kunokunciphisa isisindo kanye nemiphumela yokufaka uphawu lwe-Application0 Aluminum ye-Aluminium yaseChina iphule ubuchwepheshe bokuphotha okuqinile kwezingxenye eziguquguqukayo zodonga, ukulawula ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokulinganisa amandla, kanye nokulawula ukucindezeleka kwe-welding residual Ilungise i-aluminium scandium alloy adaptive welding wire, kanye ne-coefficient yamandla ehlangene yokushisela amapuleti aminyene ku-alloy ingafinyelela ku-0.92, inqubo yokuhlola ukusebenza kwe-Space yase-China 5B70 impahla, ethuthukisiwe futhi ephindaphinda uhlelo lokukhetha impahla engu-5A06, futhi sebeqalile ukusebenzisa ingxubevange engu-5B70 esakhiweni esiyinhloko samaphaneli odonga aqinisiwe ekhabetheni lesiteshi sasemkhathini elivalwe uphawu kanye negumbi lokubuya. Ngenkathi kuthuthukisa ukuqina namandla, kunciphisa inani kanye yinkimbinkimbi yezingxenye zokuxhuma, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise isisindo ngenkathi kugcinwa ukusebenza okuphezulu, ukusetshenziswa kwe-5B70 impahla kuzokhula kancane kancane futhi kudlule umkhawulo wokuhlinzeka, okuzosiza ukuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo kanye nekhwalithi yezinto ezingavuthiwe ezishiwo ngaphambili Ama-alloys athuthukisiwe ngokusebenzisa i-scandium microalloying, intengo ephezulu kanye nokushoda kwe-scandium kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-aluminium scandium alloys uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto zokwakha ze-aluminium alloy ezifana ne-Al Cu, i-Al Zn, i-Al ZnMg, i-scandium equkethe izinto ze-aluminium alloy inezici ezinhle ezibanzi zemishini, ukumelana nokugqwala okubenza babe nezici ezinhle kakhulu zokwenziwa kwe-prostructural. Izimboni ezifana ne-aerospace ngokuqhubeka nokujula kocwaningo lobuchwepheshe be-scandium microalloying kanye nokuthuthukiswa kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla kanye nokufanisa i-industrial chain, izici zentengo kanye nezindleko ezivimbela ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni ezinkulu ze-scandium aluminium alloys zizothuthuka kancane kancane izakhiwo zemishini ezibanzi, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye nezici ezinhle kakhulu zokucubungula i-aluminium engaba nenzuzo enkulu ekusetshenzisweni kwe-aluminium ebanzi. umkhakha wokukhiqiza imishini yezindiza.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-29-2024