China wake wafuna ukukhawulelaUmhlaba ongavamileukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe okuthengiswa kwamanye amazwe, kepha kwafakwa emazweni ahlukahlukene. Kungani kungenzeki?
Emhlabeni wanamuhla, ngokusheshisa kokuhlanganiswa komhlaba wonke, ukuxhumana phakathi kwamazwe kuya ngokuya kusondela. Ngaphansi komhlaba ozolile, ubudlelwano phakathi kwamazwe akulula njengoba buvela. Bayabambisana futhi bayancintisana.
Kulesi simo, impi ayiseyona indlela engcono kakhulu yokuxazulula umehluko kanye nezimpikiswano phakathi kwamazwe. Ezimweni eziningi, amanye amazwe ahlanganyela ezimpini ezingabonakali namanye amazwe ngokuvimbela ukuthunyelwa kwezinsiza ezithile noma ukusebenzisa izinqubomgomo zezomnotho ngezindlela zabo zezomnotho ukufeza izinhloso zabo.
Ngakho-ke, izinsizakusebenza ezilawulayo zisho ukulawula ngezinga elithile lokuqalisa, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu futhi akunakufinyeleleka kakhulu izinsizakusebenza ezikhona, kulapho kukhulisa khona. Kulezi zinsuku,Umhlaba ongavamileUngomunye wemithombo ebalulekile yamasu emhlabeni, kanti iChina ibuye ibe yizwe elikhulu eliqanjiwe lomhlaba.
Lapho i-United States yafuna ukungenisa imihlaba engavamile evela eMongolia, bekufuna ukujoyina amabutho ngasese noMongolia ukudlula eChina, kepha uMongolia wafuna ukuthi "kufanele axoxisane ngeChina". Kwenzekeni?
Njengovithamini wezimboni, okuthiwa "Umhlaba ongavamile"Akulona igama lemithombo ethile yamaminerali enjenge-" COAL "," Iron "," ithusi ", kodwa igama elijwayelekile lezinto zamaminerali ezinezakhiwo ezifanayo. I-Early Earth Earl Element YTTRIUM ingalandelelwa emuva kuma-1700s. Into yokugcina, i-Promethimium, yayikhona isikhathi eside, kepha yayingenjalo kuze kube ngu-1945 lapho i-Promethivium yatholakala nge-Uranium yenuzi. Kuze kube ngu-1972, kwatholakala i-resermium yemvelo e-Uranium.
Imvelaphi Yegama "umhlaba ongavamile "empeleni kuhlobene nokulinganiselwa kwezobuchwepheshe ngaleso sikhathi. Into engavamile yomhlaba inobuhlakani obuphezulu be-oksijini, kulula kakhulu ukwenza oxidizeze, futhi ayincibiliki lapho ingena emanzini, okufana nalo olufana nezakhiwo zenhlabathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokulinganiselwa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe ngaleso sikhathi, bekunzima ukuthola indawo yamaminerali omhlaba angavamile futhi kuhlanze izinto zomhlaba ezitholakele ezingavamile. Ngakho-ke, abacwaningi bachitha iminyaka engaphezu kwama-200 beqoqa izinto eziyi-17.
Yingoba umhlaba ongavamile unale "okuyigugu" nelithi "umhlaba 'onjenge'" emhlabeni abizwa ngokuthi "umhlaba ongavamile" emazweni aphesheya futhi ahunyushwe ngokuthi "uMhlaba ongavamile" eChina. Eqinisweni, yize ukukhiqizwa okuthiwaizinto zomhlaba ezingavamileIkhawulelwe, zithonywa ikakhulukazi ubuchwepheshe bezimayini kanye nokucwilisa ubuchwepheshe, futhi kungenzeka kungabi khona ngamanani amancane emhlabeni. Kulezi zinsuku, lapho kuveza inani lezinto zemvelo, umqondo we- "amaningi" ngokuvamile usetshenziswa.
Umrintshiainto yomhlaba engavamileLokho kubeka u-0.0046% wokuqothuka komhlaba, isikhundla seminyaka engama-25, kulandelwa yi-zethusi ngo-0.01%. Yize kuncane, kucatshangelwa wonke umhlaba, leli inani elikhulu. Igama elithi umhlaba ongavamile liqukethe izinto eziyi-17, ezingahlukaniswa zibe lula, okuphakathi nendawo, nezinto ezisindayo ngokususelwa ezinhlotsheni zabo. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zeimihlaba engavamileube nokusetshenziswa okuhlukile kanye namanani.
Imihlaba ekhanyayo engavamileI-akhawunti yengxenye enkulu yokuqukethwe kwenani lomhlaba ephelele futhi asetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ezintweni ezisebenzayo kanye nezicelo zesifo. Phakathi kwazo, ukutshala imali ekuthuthukisweni kwezinto ezimagnashi kubalwa ama-42%, ngesifutho esinamandla kakhulu. Intengo ye-Light Rare Earths iphansi.Imihlaba esindayo engavamiledlala indima ebalulekile emasimini angafinyeleleki njengezempi ne-aerospace. Lokhu kungenza ukugxuma okulungile kwi-Weapon kanye nokukhiqiza umshini, ngokuqina okungcono nokuqina. Njengamanje, cishe awekho izinto ezingase zithathe indawo lezi zinto zomhlaba ezingandile, zibenze babize kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zomhlaba ezingandile ezimotweni ezintsha zamandla kungathuthukisa izinga lokuguqulwa kwamandla wemoto futhi kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Usebenzisa izinto zasempumalanga ezingavamile zombuso womoya ukuze zinwebe isikhathi sokuphila kwamandla akhiqizayo, zithuthukise ukusebenza kahle komoya kugesi, futhi kunciphise izindleko zokulungisa imishini. Uma izinto zomhlaba ezingavamile zisetshenziswa njengezikhali, uhla lokuhlasela lwesikhali luzokwanda futhi ukuzivikela kwalo kuzothuthuka.
Ithangi lempi laseMelika le-American M1A1 lingeziwe ngeizinto zomhlaba ezingavamileingakwazi ukumelana nethonya elingaphezu kwama-70% kunamathangi ajwayelekile, futhi ibanga lokuhlose liphindwe kabili, lithuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwenhlanganisela. Ngakho-ke, imihlaba engavamile iyimithombo ebalulekile yamasu wokukhiqiza kanye nezinhloso zezempi.
Ngenxa yazo zonke lezi zinto, izinsiza zomhlaba ezingandile ezweni lonke izwe elinazo, zingcono. Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe i-United States inamathani ayizigidi eziyi-1,8 wezinsizakusebenza zomhlaba ezingandile, isakhetha ukungenisa. Enye isizathu esibalulekile ukuthi izimayini zamaminerali omhlaba angenamkhawulo zingadala ukungcoliswa okukhulu kwemvelo.
Le khasiamaminerali omhlaba areRImayini ivame ukucwengekiswa ngokuphendula ngama-solvents amakhemikhali we-organic noma ukubhema okushisa okuphezulu. Ngale nqubo, inani elikhulu legesi yokuphelelwa amandla namanzi angcolile azokwenziwa. Uma kungenjalo ukuphathwa kahle, okuqukethwe kwe-fluoride emanzi azungezile kuzodlula okujwayelekile, kubeka usongo olukhulu empilweni nokufa kwabahlali.
Selokhuimihlaba engavamileziyigugu kakhulu, kungani zingavimbi ngaphandle kwamanye amazwe? Empeleni, lo umqondo ongenangqondo. I-China inothile emithonjeni yomhlaba engavamile, izinga lokuqala kuqala emhlabeni, kepha akusona iqiniso. Ukuvimbela ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle akuyixazululi ngokuphelele inkinga.
Amanye amazwe abuye abe nenani elikhulu lezinqolobane zomhlaba ezingandile futhi zifuna ngenkuthalo ezinye izinsizakusebenza ukuze zizongena esikhundleni sazo, ngakho-ke lesi akusona isixazululo sesikhathi eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isitayela sethu sesenzo sihlale sizibophezele ekuthuthukisweni okuvamile kwawo wonke amazwe, okwenza ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwezinsiza zomhlaba ezingandile kanye nezinzuzo zokubuthana, okungeyona isitayela sethu samaShayina.
Isikhathi Sokuposa: Meyi-19-2023