I-Cerium, ingxenye 58 yethebula le-periodic.
I-Ceriumiyinsimbi etholakala ngobuningi obuyivelakancane yomhlaba, futhi kanye nesici se-yttrium esatholwa ngaphambilini, sivula umnyango wokutholwa kwezinye.umhlaba ongavamileizakhi.
Ngo-1803, usosayensi waseJalimane u-Klaprott wathola i-elementi entsha ye-oxide etsheni elibomvu elisindayo elikhiqizwa edolobheni elincane laseSweden i-Vastras, elivele i-ocher lapho livutha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, osokhemisi baseSweden u-Bezilius no-Hissinger nabo bathola i-oxide yesici esifanayo ku-ore. Kuze kube ngu-1875, abantu bathola i-cerium yensimbi ku-cerium oxide encibilikisiwe nge-electrolysis.
Cerium metaliyasebenza kakhulu futhi ingasha yenze i-cerium oxide eyimpuphu. Ingxubevange yensimbi ye-cerium exutshwe nezinye izakhi zomhlaba eziyivelakancane ingaveza izinhlansi ezinhle lapho ihlikihlwa ezintweni eziqinile, ibasa izinto ezivuthayo ezizungezile, futhi iwumsebenzi oyinhloko emishinini yokubasa njengezilayishi nama-spark plug. Izozishisa futhi, ihambisane nezinhlansi ezinhle, insimbi eyengeziwe kanye nezinye i-Lanthanide, ukuze nje kuthuthukiswe umphumela walezi zinhlansi. Imeshi eyenziwe nge-cerium noma efakwe usawoti we-cerium ingakhuphula ukusebenza kahle kokushiswa kukaphethiloli futhi ibe usizo oluhle kakhulu lokuvutha, olungasindisa uphethiloli. I-Cerium futhi iyisengezo esihle sengilazi, esingamunca imisebe ye-ultraviolet kanye ne-infrared, futhi sisetshenziswa kakhulu engilazini Yemoto. Ayikwazi ukuvimbela imisebe ye-ultraviolet kuphela, kodwa futhi inciphisa izinga lokushisa emotweni, ilondoloze ugesi we-air conditioning.
Ukusetshenziswa okwengeziwe kwe-cerium kusekelwe ekuguquleni phakathi kwe-trivalent cerium kanye ne-tetravalent cerium, enezakhiwo ezihlukile ezinsimbini zomhlaba eziyivelakancane. Lesi sici sivumela i-cerium ukuthi igcine futhi ikhulule umoya-mpilo ngempumelelo, ongasetshenziswa kuseli ye-Solid oxide fuel ukuze yenze i-Redox, ngaleyo ndlela ithole ukunyakaza okuqondile kwama-electron ukuze akhe okwamanje. Ama-Zeolite afakwe i-cerium ne-lanthanum angasebenza njengezisusa zokuqhekeka kwe-petroleum phakathi nenqubo yokucwenga. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-cerium oxide nezinsimbi eziyigugu kuziguquli ze-automotive ternary catalytics kungaguqula amagesi kaphethiloli ayingozi abe yi-nitrogen engangcolisi, i-carbon dioxide, namanzi, kuvimbele ngempumelelo inani elikhulu lokukhishwa kwegesi yezimoto. Ngenxa yekhono layo lokumunca umoya-mpilo, abantu bahlola nendlela yokusebenzisa i-cerium oxide nanoparticles ekwelashweni kwe-antioxidant. Isistimu ye-laser yesimo esiqinile eyakhiwe yi-United States iqukethe i-cerium, engasetshenziswa ukuthola izikhali zebhayoloji ngokuqapha ukugcwala kwe-Tryptophan, futhi ingasetshenziselwa ukutholwa kwezokwelapha.
Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo eziyingqayizivele ze-photophysical, i-cerium nayo iyisisusa esibaluleke kakhulu, okwenza kushibhileI-Cerium(IV) i-oxideethandwa ososayensi emkhakheni wama-catalysts. Ngomhla zingama-27 kuJulayi, 2018, umagazini we-Science ushicilele impumelelo enkulu yocwaningo lwesayensi yethimba lika-Zuo Zhiwei eliphuma eSikoleni Sesayensi Yezinto Zokusebenza Nobuchwepheshe sase-ShanghaiTech University – ekhuthaza ukuguqulwa kwe-methane ngokukhanya. Isihluthulelo senqubo yokuguqulwa ukuthola uhlelo olushibhile futhi olusebenzayo lwe-Synergistic catalysis system ye-cerium based catalyst kanye ne-alcohol catalyst, exazulula ngempumelelo inkinga yesayensi yokusebenzisa amandla okukhanya ukuguqula i-methane ibe yimikhiqizo ewuketshezi ekamelweni lokushisa ngesinyathelo esisodwa, Ihlinzeka isixazululo esisha, esinomnotho futhi esivumelana nemvelo sokuguqulwa kwe-methane ibe yimikhiqizo yamakhemikhali anenani eliphakeme, njengamafutha e-Rocket propellant.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-01-2023