Ukulungiswa kwe-barium
Ukulungiswa kwezimboni zei-metallic bariumkuhlanganisa izinyathelo ezimbili: ukulungiswa kwe-barium oxide nokulungiswa kwe-metallic barium ngokunciphisa ukushisa kwensimbi (ukunciphisa i-aluminothermic).
| Umkhiqizo | I-Barium | ||
| Inombolo ye-CAS | 7647-17-8 | ||
| Inombolo yeqoqo. | 16121606 | Ubuningi: | 100.00kg |
| Usuku lokukhiqiza: | Disemba, 16, 2016 | Usuku lokuhlolwa: | Disemba, 16, 2016 |
| Into yokuhlola w/% | Imiphumela | Into yokuhlola w/% | Imiphumela |
| Ba | >99.92% | Sb | <0.0005 |
| Be | <0.0005 | Ca | 0.015 |
| Na | <0.001 | Sr | 0.045 |
| Mg | 0.0013 | Ti | <0.0005 |
| Al | 0.017 | Cr | <0.0005 |
| Si | 0.0015 | Mn | 0.0015 |
| K | <0.001 | Fe | <0.001 |
| As | <0.001 | Ni | <0.0005 |
| Sn | <0.0005 | Cu | <0.0005 |
| Izinga Lokuhlola | I-Be, Na kanye nezinye izinto eziyi-16: ICP-MS Ca, Sr: ICP-AES Uhlobo: TC-TIC | ||
| Isiphetho: | Ukuthobela izinga lebhizinisi | ||
(1) Ukulungiswa kwe-barium oxide
I-barite ore yezinga eliphezulu kufanele iqale ikhethwe ngesandla futhi intandwe, bese insimbi ne-silicon kukhishwa ukuze kutholwe ukugxiliswa okuqukethe ngaphezu kuka-96% we-barium sulfate. I-ore powder enosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezingaphansi kwe-20 mesh ixutshwe namalahle noma i-petroleum coke powder ngesilinganiso sesisindo esingu-4: 1, futhi yosiwe ku-1100 ℃ esithandweni somlilo. I-barium sulfate iyancipha ibe yi-barium sulfide (evame ukubizwa ngokuthi "umlotha omnyama"), futhi isisombululo esitholiwe se-barium sulfide sihlanjululwa ngamanzi ashisayo. Ukuze uguqule i-barium sulfide ibe yi-barium carbonate precipitation, i-sodium carbonate noma i-carbon dioxide idinga ukungezwa kusixazululo samanzi se-barium sulfide. I-Barium oxide ingatholwa ngokuxuba i-barium carbonate ne-carbon powder bese uyibala ngaphezu kuka-800 ℃. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-barium oxide i-oxidized ukuze yakhe i-barium peroxide ku-500-700 ℃, futhi i-barium peroxide ingabola ukuze yakhe i-barium oxide ku-700-800 ℃. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ugweme ukukhiqizwa kwe-barium peroxide, umkhiqizo we-calcined udinga ukupholisa noma ucinywe ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwegesi ye-inert.
(2) Indlela yokunciphisa i-Aluminothermic yokukhiqiza i-metallic barium
Ngenxa yezithako ezihlukene, kukhona ukusabela okubili kwe-aluminium yokunciphisa i-barium oxide:
6BaO+2Al→3BaO•Al2O3+3Ba↑
Noma: 4BaO+2Al→BaO•Al2O3+3Ba↑
Ku-1000-1200℃, lokhu kusabela okubili kukhiqiza i-barium encane kakhulu, ngakho-ke ipompo ye-vacuum iyadingeka ukuze udlulise umhwamuko we-barium ngokuqhubekayo usuka endaweni yokusabela uye endaweni yokufingqa ukuze ukusabela kuqhubeke nokuqhubekela kwesokudla. Izinsalela ngemva kokusabela zinobuthi futhi zidinga ukwelashwa ngaphambi kokuba zilahlwe.
Ukulungiswa kwezinhlanganisela ezivamile ze-barium
(1) Indlela yokulungiselela i-barium carbonate
① Indlela yokwenza ikhabhoni
Indlela ye-carbonization ikakhulukazi ihilela ukuxuba i-barite namalahle ngesilinganiso esithile, ukuwachoboza kuhhavini elijikelezayo kanye no-calcining futhi kuncishiswe ku-1100-1200℃ ukuze kutholakale ukuncibilika kwe-barium sulfide. I-Carbon dioxide yethulwa kwisisombululo se-barium sulfide ye-carbonization, futhi ukusabela kungokulandelayo:
I-BaS+CO2+H2O=BaCO3+H2S
I-barium carbonate slurry etholiwe ikhishwa i-desulfurized, igezwe futhi ihlungwe nge-vacuum, bese yomiswa futhi igaywe ku-300 ℃ ukuze kutholwe umkhiqizo oqediwe we-barium carbonate. Le ndlela ilula ngenqubo futhi iphansi ngezindleko, ngakho yamukelwa abakhiqizi abaningi.
② Indlela yokubola kabili
I-Barium sulfide ne-ammonium carbonate ibhekana nokusabela kokubola kabili, futhi ukusabela kungokulandelayo:
I-BaS+(NH4)2CO3=BaCO3+(NH4)2S
Noma i-barium chloride isabela nge-potassium carbonate, futhi ukusabela kuba kanje:
BaCl2+K2CO3=BaCO3+2KCl
Umkhiqizo otholwe ekuphenduleni ube usugezwa, uhlungwe, womiswe, njll. ukuze uthole umkhiqizo oqediwe we-barium carbonate.
③ Indlela ye-Barium carbonate
I-Barium carbonate powder iphendulwa ngosawoti we-ammonium ukuze kukhiqizwe usawoti we-barium oncibilikayo, bese i-ammonium carbonate igaywa kabusha. Usawoti we-barium oncibilikayo wengezwa ku-ammonium carbonate ukuze kuncishiswe i-barium carbonate ecwengiwe, ehlungwayo futhi yomiswe ukwenza umkhiqizo ophelile. Ukwengeza, utshwala bukamama obutholakalayo bungase bugaywe kabusha. Ukusabela kungokulandelayo:
BaCO3+2HCl=BaCl2+H2O+CO2
BaCl2+2NH4OH=Ba(OH)2+2NH4Cl
Ba(OH)2+CO2=BaCO3+H2O
(2) Indlela yokulungiselela i-barium titanate
① Indlela yesigaba esiqinile
I-Barium titanate ingatholwa ngokubala i-barium carbonate ne-titanium dioxide, futhi noma yiziphi ezinye izinto ezingafakwa kuyo. Ukusabela kungokulandelayo:
TiO2 + BaCO3 = BaTiO3 + CO2↑
② Indlela yokwehlisa
I-Barium chloride ne-titanium tetrachloride kuxutshwe futhi kuncibilike ngamanani alinganayo, kushisiswe ku-70°C, bese i-oxalic acid yengezwa kancane kancane ukuze kutholwe i-hydrated barium titanyl oxalate [BaTiO(C2O4)2•4H2O] precipitate, egezwayo, yomiswe, bese ithola i-barium titanate ukuze ithole i-barium titanate. Ukusabela kungokulandelayo:
BaCl2 + TiCl4 + 2H2C2O4 + 5H2O = BaTiO(C2O4)2•4H2O↓ + 6HCl
I-BaTiO(C2O4)2•4H2O = BaTiO3 + 2CO2↑ + 2CO↑ + 4H2O
Ngemva kokushaya i-metatitanic acid, isixazululo se-barium chloride siyengezwa, bese i-ammonium carbonate yengezwa ngaphansi kokunyakaziswa ukuze kukhiqizwe i-coprecipitate ye-barium carbonate ne-metatitanic acid, ebalwa ukuze kutholwe umkhiqizo. Ukusabela kungokulandelayo:
BaCl2 + (NH4)2CO3 = BaCO3 + 2NH4Cl
H2TiO3 + BaCO3 = BaTiO3 + CO2↑ + H2O
(3) Ukulungiswa kwe-barium chloride
Inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-barium chloride ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa indlela ye-hydrochloric acid, indlela ye-barium carbonate, indlela ye-calcium chloride kanye nendlela ye-magnesium chloride ngokwezindlela ezahlukene noma izinto zokusetshenziswa.
① Indlela ye-Hydrochloric acid. Lapho i-barium sulfide iphathwa nge-hydrochloric acid, ukusabela okuyinhloko yilokhu:
I-BaS+2HCI=BaCl2+H2S↑+Q
②Indlela ye-Barium carbonate. Yenziwe nge-barium carbonate (barium carbonate) njengempahla eluhlaza, ukusabela okuyinhloko yilokhu:
BaCO3+2HCI=BaCl2+CO2↑+H2O
③Indlela yokwenza ikhabhoni
Imiphumela ye-barium empilweni yabantu
I-barium iyithinta kanjani impilo?
I-Barium ayiyona into ebalulekile emzimbeni womuntu, kodwa inomthelela omkhulu empilweni yomuntu. I-barium ingase ivezwe ku-barium ngesikhathi sokumbiwa kwe-barium, ukuncibilikiswa, ukukhiqizwa, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinhlanganisela ze-barium. I-Barium kanye nezinhlanganisela zayo zingangena emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa umgudu wokuphefumula, umgudu wokugaya ukudla, nesikhumba esilimele. Ubuthi be-barium emsebenzini ikakhulukazi bubangelwa ukuhogela ukuphefumula, okwenzeka ezingozini ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza nokusetshenziswa; ubuthi be-barium obungewona umsebenzi bubangelwa ikakhulukazi ukungeniswa komgudu wokugaya ukudla, ikakhulukazi okubangelwa ukungenwa ngengozi; i-liquid e-soluble barium compounds ingamuncwa ngesikhumba esilimele. Ubuthi be-barium obunzima bubangelwa kakhulu ukungenwa ngephutha.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha
(1) I-radiography yokudla kwe-barium
I-Barium meal radiography, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-digestive tract barium radiography, iyindlela yokuhlola esebenzisa i-barium sulfate njenge-ejenti ehlukile ukuze kuboniswe ukuthi akhona yini amanxeba emgudwini wokugaya ukudla ngaphansi kwemisebe ye-X-ray. I-Barium meal radiography iwukungeniswa ngomlomo kwama-ejenti ahlukile, futhi i-barium sulfate yokwelapha esetshenziswa njenge-ejenti ehlukile ayincibiliki emanzini nakuma-lipids futhi ngeke imuncwe ulwelwesi lwama-thunjini, ngakho-ke ngokuyisisekelo ayinabo ubuthi kubantu.
Ngokwezidingo zokuxilongwa nokwelashwa komtholampilo, i-radiography yokudla kwe-barium yamathumbu ingahlukaniswa ibe yisidlo se-barium esiphezulu samathumbu, ukudla okuphelele kwe-barium yamathumbu, i-colon barium enema kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-barium enema emathunjini amancane.
Ubuthi be-barium
Imizila yokuchayeka
I-Barium ingavezwa kuyoi-bariumngesikhathi sokumbiwa kwe-barium, ukuncibilikisa, nokukhiqiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-barium kanye nezinhlanganisela zayo zisetshenziswa kabanzi. Usawoti we-barium onobuthi ovamile uhlanganisa i-barium carbonate, i-barium chloride, i-barium sulfide, i-barium nitrate, ne-barium oxide. Ezinye izidingo zansuku zonke nazo zine-barium, njenge-barium sulfide emithini yokususa izinwele. Amanye ama-ejenti okulawula izinambuzane ezolimo noma ama-rodenticides nawo aqukethe usawoti we-barium oncibilikayo njenge-barium chloride ne-barium carbonate.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-15-2025