Ingabe Izinsimbi Zomhlaba Ezingavamile Noma Amaminerali?

Ingabe Izinsimbi Zomhlaba Ezingavamile Noma Amaminerali?

Umhlaba ongavamileiyinsimbi. Umhlaba ongavamile igama eliyiqoqo lezinto zensimbi ezingu-17 kuthebula le-periodic, okuhlanganisa izakhi ze-lanthanide ne-scandium ne-yttrium. Kunezinhlobo ezingama-250 zamaminerali omhlaba angavamile emvelweni. Umuntu wokuqala owathola umhlaba ongavamile kwakungusokhemisi waseFinland uGadolin. Ngo-1794, wahlukanisa uhlobo lokuqala lwento yomhlaba eyivelakancane nensimbi esindayo efana ne-asphalt.

Umhlaba ongavamile igama eliyiqoqo lama-elementi ensimbi angu-17 kuthebula le-periodic lama-elementi amakhemikhali. Bayimihlaba elula engavamile,i-lanthanum, i-cerium, i-praseodymium, i-neodymium, i-promethium, i-samarium, ne-europium; Izakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile ezisindayo: i-gadolinium, i-terbium, i-dysprosium, i-holmium, i-erbium, i-thulium, i-ytterbium, i-lutetium, i-scandium, ne-yttrium.Umhlaba ongavamile ukhona njengamaminerali, ngakho ungamaminerali kunokuba umhlabathi. I-China inezindawo zokulondoloza umhlaba ezicebe kakhulu ezingavamile, ezigxile kakhulu ezifundazweni nasemadolobheni afana ne-Inner Mongolia, i-Shandong, i-Sichuan, i-Jiangxi, njll., kanye ne-southern ion adsorption type medium kanye ne-earth ore esindayo evelele kakhulu.

Imihlaba eyivelakancane ekugxilweni komhlaba ongavamile ngokuvamile isesimweni sama-insoluble carbonates, ama-fluoride, ama-phosphates, ama-oxides, noma ama-silicates. Izakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile kufanele ziguqulwe zibe izinhlanganisela ezincibilika emanzini noma kuma-asidi angaphili ngezinguquko ezihlukahlukene zamakhemikhali, bese zingena ezinqubweni ezinjengokuhlakazwa, ukuhlukaniswa, ukuhlanzwa, ukugxilisa ingqondo, noma ukubala ukuze kukhiqizwe izinhlanganisela zomhlaba eziyivelakancane ezixubile njengama-chloride omhlaba axutshwe nevelakancane, okuyinto ingasetshenziswa njengemikhiqizo noma izinto zokusetshenziswa zokuhlukanisa izakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-rare earth concentrate decomposition, eyaziwa nangokuthi ukwelapha kwangaphambili.