Ukusetshenziswa kweUmhlaba ongavamilengezinto ezihlanganisiwe
Izinto zomhlaba ezingavamile zinesakhiwo se-elekthronikhi esiyingqayizivele, umzuzwana omkhulu we-athomu ama-atomic, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-spin eqinile nezinye izici. Lapho kwakha izakhiwo nezinye izinto, inombolo yazo yokuxhumana ingahluka kusuka ku-6 kuye kwayi-12. Amakhompiyutha omhlaba ajwayelekile anezinhlaka ezahlukahlukene zekristali. Izakhiwo ezikhethekile zomzimba nezamakhemikhali zomhlaba ezingavamile zibenza zisetshenziswe kabanzi ekunciphiseni kwensimbi esezingeni eliphakeme nezinsimbi ezikhethekile, izinto zokwenza okuphezulu, izinto zokwakha i-hydrogent, izinto zokugcina ze-luminesi, nezinye izinkambu. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe, ukusetshenziswa komhlaba okungavamile kuye kwandise emkhakheni wezinto zokwakha, ukuheha ukunakwa okubanzi ekuthuthukiseni izakhiwo ezibonakalayo phakathi kwezinto zokwakha ezingenamsebenzi.
Amafomu amakhulu ezicelo zomhlaba ongandile lapho kulungiswa izinto ezihlanganisiwe zifaka: ① engezaizinsimbi zomhlaba ezingandileukuhlanganisa izinto; ② Faka ngendlela yeI-Rare Earth Oxidesezintweni ezihlanganisiwe; ③ Ama-polymers adonswa noma ahlanganiswe ngezinsimbi zomhlaba ezingandile kuma-polymers asetshenziswa njengezinto ze-matrix ezintweni ezihlanganisiwe. Phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezintathu ezingenhla kohlelo lokusebenza lomhlaba olungavamile, amafomu amabili okuqala angezwa kakhulu ku-metal matrix composite, kanti okwesithathu kufakwa kakhulu kuma-polymer matrix composites, kanye ne-ceramic matrix composite ifakwa kakhulu kwifomu lesibili.
Umhlaba ongavamileNgokuyinhloko isebenza nge-matrix yensimbi kanye ne-matrix ye-ceramic matrix ngesimo sezithasiselo, abaqinisi, kanye nezithasiselo ezisondayo, ukuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwazo, ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza, nokwenza uhlelo lwayo lokukhiqiza, nokwenza uhlelo lwayo lokukhiqiza, nokwenza uhlelo lwayo lwezimboni lusebenze.
Ukungezwa kwezinto zomhlaba ezingandile njengezengezo ezintweni ezihlanganisiwe ikakhulukazi kudlala indima ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwe-interface kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe futhi kuthuthukiswe ukucolisiswa kwe-matrix yensimbi. Indlela yokusebenza imi kanje.
① Thuthukisa ukukhula phakathi kwe-matrix yensimbi kanye nesigaba sokuqinisa. I-elektronegativity yezinto zomhlaba ezingavamile ziphansi (okuncane kakhulu nge-elektronegativity yezinsimbi, okukhuthaze kakhulu i-elekhtronegativity ye-nonmetals). Isibonelo, i-LA yi-1.1, CE ingu-1.12, no-y ngu-1.22. I-elektronegativity ye-Confar Base Metal Fe u-1.83, i-NI ingu-1.91, kanye ne-AL yi-1.61. Ngakho-ke, izinto zomhlaba ezingavamile zizokhetha kahle i-ADDORB emingceleni yokusanhlamvu ye-matrix yensimbi kanye nenqubo yokuqinisa, ekhulisa amandla anamanzi, ekhulisa i-angle yokuthambisa, futhi ngaleyo ndlela enze ngcono isimo phakathi kwe-matrix kanye nokuqiniswa kabusha kwesigaba. Ucwaningo selukhombisile ukuthi ukungezwa kwento ye-LA Matrix ku-Matrix ye-Aluminium ngempumelelo ithuthukisa ukunganaki kwe-Alo no-Aluminium uketshezi, futhi kuthuthukisa i-miscream yezinto zokwakha ezihlanganisiwe.
② ukukhuthaza ukucolisiswa kwezinsimbi ze-matrix zensimbi. I-solubility yoMhlaba ongavamile e-Metal Crystal incane, ngoba i-atomic radius yezinto zomhlaba ezingandile zinkulu, futhi i-atomic radius ye-matrix yensimbi incane. Ukungena kwezinto zomhlaba ezingandile ezinama-radius amakhulu ku-matrix lattice kuzodala ukuphambuka kwe-lattric, okuzokwandisa amandla ohlelo. Ukugcina amandla aphansi kakhulu amahhala, ama-athomu omhlaba angavamile angacebisa ukubhekela emingceleni engajwayelekile yokusanhlamvu, okuvimbela ukukhula kwamahhala kwezingxabano zama-matrix. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinto zomhlaba ezicebile zomhlaba zizophinde zibe ama-adderb ezinye izinto ze-alloy, ezikhulisa ukugcotshwa kwezinto ze-alloy, okubangela ukufundwa kwendawo, kanye nokwenza ngcono umphumela we-heterogeneous we-matrix yensimbi ewuketshezi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubekwa ngaphansi okubangelwa ukwehlukaniswa okuyisisekelo kungagqugquzela ukwakheka kwamakhompiyutha ahlanganisiwe futhi kube yizinhlayiya ze-heterogeneous ezisebenzayo, ngaleyo ndlela zigqugquzela ukucolisiswa kwe-matrix yensimbi.
③ Hlanza imingcele yokusanhlamvu. Ngenxa yobudlelwano obuqinile phakathi kwezakhi zomhlaba ezingandile kanye nezinto ezinjenge-O, s, P, N, njll. Lezi zinhlanganisela zinendawo ephezulu yokuncibilika kanye nobukhulu obuphansi, ezinye zazo ezingasuswa ngokuntantayo kusuka ku-alloy ketshezi, lapho ezinye zisatshalaliswa ngokungcola emngceleni wokusanhlamvu, ngaleyo ndlela kuhlanza amandla aso.
Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi, ngenxa yomsebenzi ophakeme kanye nephuzu eliphansi lokuncibilika kwezinsimbi zomhlaba ezingandile, lapho zingezwa ku-Metal Matrix composite, ukuxhumana kwazo nomoya-mpilo kudinga ukulawulwa ngokukhethekile ngesikhathi senqubo yokungezelwa.
Inani elikhulu lemikhuba lifakazele ukuthi lengeza umhlaba ongenamikhawulo oxides njengama-anglialing, kanye ne-doping modifiers ku-matrix yensimbi ehlukene yensimbi kanye ne-ceramic matrix composite angathuthukisa kakhulu amandla nokushisa kwawo, futhi ngenxa yalokho anciphise izindleko zokukhiqiza. Indlela enkulu yesenzo sayo inje.
① Njengesengezo sesono, singakhuthaza isono futhi sinciphise i-porosity ezintweni ezihlanganisiwe. Ukufakwa kwezengezo zesono ukukhiqiza isigaba se-liquid emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, kunciphise izinga lokushisa le-composite izinto zokwakha, ukuvimbela ukubola okuphezulu kwezinto zokwakha ngesikhathi senqubo yesono, bese uthola izinto ezibucayi ezinhlanganisweni ngesigaba se-liquid. Ngenxa yokuqina okuphezulu, ukuguquguquka okuphezulu okuphezulu, kanye namaphoyinti aphezulu ancibilikayo futhi abilayo wamaphoyinti omhlaba ongenamikhawulo oxides, angakha izigaba zengilazi nezinye izinto ezingavuthiwe futhi akhuthaze i-soping, abenze isengezo esisebenzayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, umhlaba onqabile Earth oxide ungakha isixazululo esiqinile nge-matrix ye-ceramic, engakhiqiza amaphutha ekristalu ngaphakathi, asebenze i-lattice futhi akhuthaze ukona kanye nokukhuthaza ukona.
② Thuthukisa ama-miscrumple futhi ucwenge usayizi wokusanhlamvu. Ngenxa yokuthi i-oxides engajwayelekile engavamile ikhona ikakhulukazi emingceleni yokusanhlamvu ye-matrix, futhi ngenxa yevolumu yalo enkulu, futhi ihlukumeza ukukhula kwamanye ama-rand, futhi kuvimbela ukukhula okusanhlamvu, nokuvimbela ukukhula okungafanele kokusanhlamvu ngesikhathi sokushisa okushisa. Bangathola okusanhlamvu okuncane futhi okufanayo, okulungele ukwakheka kwezakhiwo eziminyene; Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokudonsa umhlaba ongavamile oxides, bangena esigabeni sengilazi yengilazi yokusanhlamvu, bathuthukisa amandla esigaba sengilazi futhi ngaleyo ndlela bathole inhloso yokuthuthukisa izakhiwo zemishini.
Izinto zomhlaba ezingavamile kuma-Polymer Matrix Composites ikakhulukazi zibathinta ngokuthuthukisa izakhiwo ze-polymer matrix. I-Rare Earth Oxides ingakhuphula izinga lokushisa lokubola kwama-polymers, ngenkathi umhlaba ongavamile we-carboxylates angathuthukisa ukuqina okushisayo kwe-polyvinyl chloride. I-Doping Polystyrere enezihlanganisi zomhlaba ezingavamile ingathuthukisa ukuqina kwe-polystyrene futhi yandise kakhulu amandla ayo othinta amandla namandla okugoba.
Isikhathi sePosi: APR-26-2023